Final Written Flashcards
Where are the adults of parascaris equorum found in the body? (Equine roundworm)
Lumen of small intestine
How can you identify the eggs of parascaris equorum?
Fecal float
What is the PPP for parascaris equorum?
10 weeks
How is parascaris equorum transmitted?
Ingestion of infected eggs when grazing
What type of migration dose parascaris equorum go through for development?
Tracheal
Name 2 clinical signs for parascaris equorum?
Colic
Pneumonia
What are 3 species used for strongylus spp? Which is the most common? What are they also known as? (Bloodworm)
Vulgaris (most common)
Edentates
Equinas
Large strongyles
Where are the adults if strongylus vulgaris found in the body? What species are they found in?
Large intestine
Equine
How can you identify eggs of strongylus vulgaris?
Fecal float
What is the PPP of strongylus vulgaris (months)
6-12 months
How can strongylus vulgaris be transmitted?
Ingestion of infective eggs by grazing
What can strongylus vulgaris cause? (Horse)
Verminous colic
What are small strongyles also known as? What species are they found in? Where are they found in the body?
Cyanthostomes
Equine
Large intestine
How can you identify cyanthostomes?
Fecal float
What is the PPP for cyanthostomes? (Months)
2-3 months
How can cyanthostomes be transmitted?
Ingestion of infective eggs
What are 2 clinical signs for small strongyles?
Sudden diarrhea
Severe dehydration
Where are the adults of oxyuris equi found in the body? (Pinworm)
Rectum
How can you identify eggs of oxyuris equi?
Tape test
What is the PPP of oxyuris equi? (Months)
5 months
What is the clinical sign of oxyuris equi?
Pruritis ani
What can pruritis ani lead to?
Rat tail
Where are the adults of strongyloides westeri found in the body? What species is it found in?
Small intestine
Equine
How can you identify eggs of strongyloides westeri? (Milkworm)
Fecal float
What are the 2 life cycles of strongyloides westeri undergo?
Homogenic and heterogenic
What is homogenic?
Warmth and humidity is NOT favourable
What is heterogenic?
Warmth and humidity is favourable
What is the PPP for strongyloides westeri? (Days)
8-14 days
2 ways that strongyloides westeri can be transmitted
Ingestion of eggs while grazing
Skin penetration
Clinical signs of strongyloides westeri in foals
Severe diarrhea
What is the intermediate host of habronema?
Stable fly
What can habronema cause?
Summer sores
What are summers sores also known as?
Cutaneous habronemiasis
How can you identify eggs/larvae of habronema?
Baermann technique
Genus and common name of the only cestode in equine (A)
Anoplocephala, equine tapeworm
Where are the adults of anoplocephala found in the body? Which species?
Mucosal surface, equine
How can you identify eggs of anoplocephala?
Fecal float
What is the PPP of anoplocephala? (Months)
1-2 months
List 3 clinical signs of heavy infection of anoplocephala
Unthriftiness
Colic
Diarrhea in foals
What is the intermediate host of anoplocephala?
Pasture mites
Genus, species, and common name of the only protozoan in equine
Eimeria leuckarti, coccidia
Where are the oocysts from eimeria leuckarti found?
Small intestine
How can you identify eimeria leuckarti eggs?
Fecal float
How is eimeria leuckarti transmitted?
Ingestion of sporulated oocysts while grazing
Name the 2 morphological forms of eimeria leuckarti
Trophozoite
Sporulated oocyst
What is the PPP of eimeria leuckarti? (Days)
15-33 days
Define pediculosis
Infestation of lice
Biting louse in equine
Damalinia equi
Sucking louse in equine
Haematopinus asini
What is another word for biting louse?
Mallophaga
What is another word for sucking louse?
Anoplura
How can you find biting louse on equine?
Combing finer hair
How can you find sucking louse in equine?
Combing at roots of forelock and mane
What can lice in equine cause?
Intense pruritus
Define myaisis
Invasion of living tissue by fly maggots
What is the intermediate host for gastrophilus intestinalis?
Horse bot fly
How can identify eggs/larvae of gastrophilus intestinalis? Which species is it found on?
Visible on hair
Equine
How is gastrophilus intestinalis transmitted?
Ingestion while grooming
What can heavy larvae infection of stomach bot cause?
Oral ulcers and reduced feed consumption
What can the 3rd instar larvae of stomach bot cause in the body?
Stomach ulcers and blockage of opening to intestines
How can you identify GIN?
Fecal float
What is the PPP of GIN? (Days)
15-28 days
Other than fecal float, how else can you identify haemonchus contortus? Which species is it found in?
FAMACHA
Sheet and goats
What does FAMACHA measure? How?
Levels of anemia using conjunctiva eye colour matched up with a score card that is ranked from 1-5
What does score 1 mean on FAMACHA? And score 5?
1 means no anemia
5 means severe anemia
What are the 3 GIN found in the abomasum of ruminants? (HOT)
Haemonchus contortus
Ostertagia
Trichostrongylus
What are the 3 GIN found in the small intestine of ruminants? (T, C, B)
Trichostrongylus
Cooperia
Bunostomum
What are the 2 GIM found in the large intestine of ruminants?
Oesophagostomum
Chobertia
What are the 3 clinical signs of chabertia ovina? (Roundworm)
Diarrhea
Weight loss
Poor body condition
Where is nematodirus found in the body? Which species?
Small intestine
Ruminants
How long can nematodirus eggs last on pasture?
Up to 2 years
How can you identify nematodirus eggs?
Fecal float
How is nematodirus transmitted in ruminants?
Ingestion of infective eggs by grazing
What is the PPP of nematodirus? (Days)
15-26 days
What can a heavy burden of nematodirus cause? (Triple D)
Diarrhea resulting in dehydration and death
Where is adult trichuris found in the body?
Large intestine
What is the PPP of trichuris in ruminants? (Months)
2-3 months
How can you identify trichuris eggs in ruminants?
Fecal float
Genus and species of the only lung worm in cattle
Dictyocaulus viviparus
Name the 3 lungworms found in sheep and goat
Dictyocaulus spp, protostrongylus rufescens, and muellerius
Where is Dictyocaulus viviparus found in the body? Which species?
Trachea and bronchi
Cattle
What is the PPP of Dictyocaulus viviparus? (Weeks)
3-4 weeks
How can you identify Dictyocaulus viviparus eggs?
Water baermann test
List 3 clinical signs of Dictyocaulus viviparus (lungs)
Moderate cough, increased respiratory rate, and respiratory distress
What is the clinical sign for heavily infected cattle with Dictyocaulus viviparus?
Standing with head stretched, forward, mouth open, and drooling
How is protostrongylus rufescens transmissted? What is the common name? Which species?
Injection of effective eggs inside snails
lungworm
Sheep and goats
What is the intermediate host for protostrongylus rufescens?
Snails
How is muellerius transmitted?
Ingestion of infective eggs in slugs in grass
What is the intermediate host of muellerius?
Slugs
What is the PPP of protostrongylus rufescens? (Days)
30-37 days
What is the PPP of muellerius? (Weeks)
6 weeks
Where are the adults of skrjabinema found in the body? (Ruminant pinworm)
Large intestine
How can you identify skrjabinema eggs?
Fecal float
How is skrjabinema transmitted?
Ingestion of infected eggs while grazing
What is the PPP of skrjabinema? (Days)
25 days
What can severe infection of skrjabinema cause?
Pruritis ani
Where moniezia found in the body? Which species? (Ruminant tapeworm)
Small intestine
Ruminants
How is moniezia transmitted?
Ingested by pasture might and develop into cysticercoid cysts inside mite
What is the PPP of moniezia? (Weeks)
6 weeks
Where is thysanosoma acindoides found in the body? Which species? (Fringed tapeworm)
Small intestine
Ruminants
What are the 3 intermediate hosts of thysanosoma actinoides?
Moss mite
Beetle mite
Barklice
What is the genus, species, and common name for the only ruminant trematode?
Fasciola hepatica, liver fluke
What does fasciola hepatica cause? Which species?
Liver rot
Ruminants
What is liver rot also known as?
Fasciolosis
Where are the adults of fasciola hepatica found in the body?
Bile duct in the liver
Other than fecal float, how are fasciola hepatica eggs more likely found?
Fecal sediment
What is the intermediate host of fasciola hepatica?
Snails
What is the PPP of fasciola hepatica? (Weeks)
10-12 weeks
What are the 3 forms of fasciolosis?
Acute
Sub-acute
Chronic
What are the 3 clinical signs of adult fasciolosis?
Abdominal pain
Jaundice
Death due to blood loss
What are the 3 clinical signs of sub-acute fasciolosis?
Anemia
Liver failure
Death in 8-10 weeks
What are 3 clinical signs of chronic fasciolosis?
Bottle jaw
Bile duct obstruction
Hepatic fibrosis
What are the 3 protozoans in ruminants? (Common names)
Trichomonas
Coccidia
Cryptosporidia
What does cryptosporidium cause in cows?
Coccidiosis
What are 2 ways cryptosporidium oocysts can be identified?
Fecal exam
Possibly a direct smear
Where is coccidia found in the body?
Small intestine
Where is trichomonas found in the body?
Cecum large intestine
What is the PPP of eimeria in ruminants? (Days)
10-30 days
What can a large number of eimeria in ruminants cause?
Diarrhea and straining
Where do flies live in melophagus ovinus?
On the skin at the base of the wool
What are some clinical signs of melophagus ovinus?
Intense pruritus and anemia
What are the clinical signs of lice on ruminants?
Anemia, pruritus, and decreased weight gain
What are some clinical signs of oestrus ovis? (Sheep nose bot)
Nasal discharge, sneezing, and head shaking
What are some behaviour tactics that sheep may use to avoid annoying flies?
Run from place to place, keep nose close to the ground, gather in a circle with heads down
Where is oestrus ovis found in the body? Which species?
Nasal sinuses, sheep
How is oestrus ovis diagnosed?
By clinical signs
Where would the larvae be found in cattle with hypoderma? (Bovine warble grub)
In warbles along the back of cattle
How long is the life cycles of hypoderma?
Up to 1 year
What are some indirect losses of hypoderma?
Reduced milk production, poor weight gain/loss, and reduced value or carcass
Is psoroptes ovis a reportable disease? (Sheep scab mite)
Yes
How is psoroptes ovis transmitted?
Direct contact or fomites
How can you identify psoroptes ovis?
Skin scraping
Where does mating and egg laying take place for psoroptes ovis?
Under the scab
What are some clinical signs of psoroptes ovis?
Intense pruritus, irritation, and inflammation
How is chorioptes transmitted? (Mange mite)
Direct contact between cattle, sheep, and goats
Is chorioptes a reportable disease?
Yes
How can you identify chorioptes?
Skin scraping
Where do female mites lay chorioptes eggs?
On skin surface around edge of lesion
Where are lesions from chorioptes found on the body?
Tail head, feet, and lower hind legs
Is sarcoptes a reportable disease?
Yes
Is sarcoptes zoonotic?
Yes
Where do you find sarcoptes lesions on the body?
Face and ears
Is sarcoptes a burrowing or non-burrowing mite?
Burrowing
Where are the cattle lesions found with sarcoptes?
Scrotum, udder, and inner side of legs
How can you identify sarcoptes?
Deep skin scraping
What can intense pruritus from sarcoptes cause?
Inability to gain weight, and decreased milk production
Where is the adult of ascaris suum found in the body? Which species? (Swine roundworm)
Small intestine, swine
How can you identify ascaris suum eggs?
Fecal float
What is the PPP of ascaris suum? (Weeks)
7-9 weeks
How is ascaris suum transmitted?
Ingestion of infected eggs from the ground
What are the visible lesions called that are caused by swine roundworm?
Milk spots
Is swine roundworm zoonotic?
Yes
What does ascaris suum cause in humans?
Dyspnea and possible intestinal blockage
Where is oesophagostomum found in the body? Which species? (Nodular worm)
Lumen of large intestine, swine
How can you identify oesophagostomum eggs?
Fecal float
How is oesophagostomum transmitted?
Ingestion of infective eggs
What is the PPP of oesophagostomum? (Days)
32-43 days
What can oesophagostomum cause in young pigs?
Weight loss, diarrhea, and possible death
What can oesophagostomum cause in older pigs?
Motility of intestines and intussusception
What are the 3 stomach worms in swine?
Hyostrongylus, ascarops, and physocephalus
What are the 2 stomach worms in swine that often get confused with one another?
Ascarops and physocephalus
How can you identify stomach worm eggs in swine?
Fecal float
What parasite egg does hyostrongylus resemble?
Oesophagostomum, nodular worm
What is the intermediate host of ascarops and physocephalus? (Poo)
Dung beetle
Does hyostrongylus have a direct or indirect-direct life cycle?
Direct
Does ascarops and physcocephalus have a direct or indirect life cycle?
Indirect
What is the PPP of hyostrongylus? (Days)
15-21 days
What are some clinical signs of stomach worm in swine?
Anemia, diarrhea, and weight loss
Where is whipworm in swine found in the body?
Cecum, large intestine
How can you identify trichuris eggs in swine?
Fecal float
What is the PPP for whipworm in swine? (Months)
2-3 months
Where are the adults of trichinella spirals found in the body? Which species? (Pork worm)
Intestinal mucosa, swine
How can you identify the larvae of trichinella spirals?
Cyst containing larvae found in meat inspection in striated muscle
How is trichinella spirals transmitted?
Ingestion of infected tissue
What does trichinella spirals cause in humans? How do humans become infected?
Trichinosis, by eating raw pork
Can pigs act as intermediate hosts for trichinella spirals? If so, how?
Yes, through cannibalism
What is the PPP of trichinella spirals (days)
2-6 days
What are the clinical signs of pork worm?
Has little to no effect
Genus, species, and common name of the only cestode in swine
Taenia solium, pork tapeworm
Where is the adult or taenia solium found in the body? (Pork tapeworm)
Small intestine
How can you identify the eggs of taenia solium?
Fecal float, segment opened and examined
What is taenia solium the main cause of in humans? (C)
Cysticercosis
What is the only definitive host of taenia solium?
Humans
What are the 2 intermediate hosts of taenia solium?
Pigs and humans
How is taenia solium transmitted in swine?
Ingesting vegetation contaminated with infected eggs found in human feces
What are the 2 methods of infection for taenia solium in humans?
Ingestion of raw or undercooked pork, and ingestion of infective eggs
Name the 2 protozoans in swine
Isospora suis and eimeria
Is Isospora suis pathogenic or non-pathogenic?
Pathogenic
Is eimeria in swine pathogenic or non-pathogenic?
Non-pathogenic
What does Isospora suis cause in piglets?
Diarrhea, poor weight gain, and dehydration
How can you identify Isospora suis eggs?
Fecal float
What is the PPP of Isospora suis? (Days)
5 days
What are some clinical signs of Isospora suis?
Greasy diarrhea and rough hair coat
What is the PPP of eimeria in swine? (Days)
4-10 days
What kind of protozoan is balatidium?
Ciliate
What is the only ciliate protozoan in swine?
Balantidium coli
What does balantidium coli cause? (B)
Balantidiasis
Is balantidium zoonotic?
Yes
What are the 2 morphological stages of balatidium coli?
Trophozoite and resistant cysts
What is the transmission stage of balantidium coli?
Resistant cyst
How can you identify both morphological stages of balantidium coli?
Direct smear or fecal float
Where is balantidium coli found in the body?
Cecum large intestine
What are some clinical signs for balantidium coli?
Diarrhea causing weakness, weight loss, and poor growth
Genus, species, and common name of the only louse in swine. Biting or sucking?
Haematopinus suis, hog louse
Sucking
What are some clinical signs of hog louse in swine?
Pruritus, anemia, and irritation
Genus, species, and common name of the only mite in swine
Sarcoptes scabiei, mange might
How is mange mite in swine diagnosed?
Skin scraping
