Final Written Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the adults of parascaris equorum found in the body? (Equine roundworm)

A

Lumen of small intestine

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2
Q

How can you identify the eggs of parascaris equorum?

A

Fecal float

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3
Q

What is the PPP for parascaris equorum?

A

10 weeks

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4
Q

How is parascaris equorum transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infected eggs when grazing

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5
Q

What type of migration dose parascaris equorum go through for development?

A

Tracheal

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6
Q

Name 2 clinical signs for parascaris equorum?

A

Colic
Pneumonia

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7
Q

What are 3 species used for strongylus spp? Which is the most common? What are they also known as? (Bloodworm)

A

Vulgaris (most common)
Edentates
Equinas
Large strongyles

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8
Q

Where are the adults if strongylus vulgaris found in the body? What species are they found in?

A

Large intestine
Equine

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9
Q

How can you identify eggs of strongylus vulgaris?

A

Fecal float

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10
Q

What is the PPP of strongylus vulgaris (months)

A

6-12 months

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11
Q

How can strongylus vulgaris be transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infective eggs by grazing

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12
Q

What can strongylus vulgaris cause? (Horse)

A

Verminous colic

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13
Q

What are small strongyles also known as? What species are they found in? Where are they found in the body?

A

Cyanthostomes
Equine
Large intestine

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14
Q

How can you identify cyanthostomes?

A

Fecal float

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15
Q

What is the PPP for cyanthostomes? (Months)

A

2-3 months

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16
Q

How can cyanthostomes be transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infective eggs

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17
Q

What are 2 clinical signs for small strongyles?

A

Sudden diarrhea
Severe dehydration

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18
Q

Where are the adults of oxyuris equi found in the body? (Pinworm)

A

Rectum

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19
Q

How can you identify eggs of oxyuris equi?

A

Tape test

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20
Q

What is the PPP of oxyuris equi? (Months)

A

5 months

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21
Q

What is the clinical sign of oxyuris equi?

A

Pruritis ani

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22
Q

What can pruritis ani lead to?

A

Rat tail

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23
Q

Where are the adults of strongyloides westeri found in the body? What species is it found in?

A

Small intestine
Equine

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24
Q

How can you identify eggs of strongyloides westeri? (Milkworm)

A

Fecal float

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25
Q

What are the 2 life cycles of strongyloides westeri undergo?

A

Homogenic and heterogenic

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26
Q

What is homogenic?

A

Warmth and humidity is NOT favourable

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27
Q

What is heterogenic?

A

Warmth and humidity is favourable

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28
Q

What is the PPP for strongyloides westeri? (Days)

A

8-14 days

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29
Q

2 ways that strongyloides westeri can be transmitted

A

Ingestion of eggs while grazing
Skin penetration

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30
Q

Clinical signs of strongyloides westeri in foals

A

Severe diarrhea

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31
Q

What is the intermediate host of habronema?

A

Stable fly

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32
Q

What can habronema cause?

A

Summer sores

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33
Q

What are summers sores also known as?

A

Cutaneous habronemiasis

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34
Q

How can you identify eggs/larvae of habronema?

A

Baermann technique

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35
Q

Genus and common name of the only cestode in equine (A)

A

Anoplocephala, equine tapeworm

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36
Q

Where are the adults of anoplocephala found in the body? Which species?

A

Mucosal surface, equine

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37
Q

How can you identify eggs of anoplocephala?

A

Fecal float

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38
Q

What is the PPP of anoplocephala? (Months)

A

1-2 months

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39
Q

List 3 clinical signs of heavy infection of anoplocephala

A

Unthriftiness
Colic
Diarrhea in foals

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40
Q

What is the intermediate host of anoplocephala?

A

Pasture mites

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41
Q

Genus, species, and common name of the only protozoan in equine

A

Eimeria leuckarti, coccidia

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42
Q

Where are the oocysts from eimeria leuckarti found?

A

Small intestine

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43
Q

How can you identify eimeria leuckarti eggs?

A

Fecal float

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44
Q

How is eimeria leuckarti transmitted?

A

Ingestion of sporulated oocysts while grazing

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45
Q

Name the 2 morphological forms of eimeria leuckarti

A

Trophozoite
Sporulated oocyst

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46
Q

What is the PPP of eimeria leuckarti? (Days)

A

15-33 days

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47
Q

Define pediculosis

A

Infestation of lice

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48
Q

Biting louse in equine

A

Damalinia equi

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49
Q

Sucking louse in equine

A

Haematopinus asini

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50
Q

What is another word for biting louse?

A

Mallophaga

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51
Q

What is another word for sucking louse?

A

Anoplura

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52
Q

How can you find biting louse on equine?

A

Combing finer hair

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53
Q

How can you find sucking louse in equine?

A

Combing at roots of forelock and mane

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54
Q

What can lice in equine cause?

A

Intense pruritus

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55
Q

Define myaisis

A

Invasion of living tissue by fly maggots

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56
Q

What is the intermediate host for gastrophilus intestinalis?

A

Horse bot fly

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57
Q

How can identify eggs/larvae of gastrophilus intestinalis? Which species is it found on?

A

Visible on hair
Equine

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58
Q

How is gastrophilus intestinalis transmitted?

A

Ingestion while grooming

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59
Q

What can heavy larvae infection of stomach bot cause?

A

Oral ulcers and reduced feed consumption

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60
Q

What can the 3rd instar larvae of stomach bot cause in the body?

A

Stomach ulcers and blockage of opening to intestines

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61
Q

How can you identify GIN?

A

Fecal float

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62
Q

What is the PPP of GIN? (Days)

A

15-28 days

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63
Q

Other than fecal float, how else can you identify haemonchus contortus? Which species is it found in?

A

FAMACHA
Sheet and goats

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64
Q

What does FAMACHA measure? How?

A

Levels of anemia using conjunctiva eye colour matched up with a score card that is ranked from 1-5

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65
Q

What does score 1 mean on FAMACHA? And score 5?

A

1 means no anemia
5 means severe anemia

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66
Q

What are the 3 GIN found in the abomasum of ruminants? (HOT)

A

Haemonchus contortus
Ostertagia
Trichostrongylus

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67
Q

What are the 3 GIN found in the small intestine of ruminants? (T, C, B)

A

Trichostrongylus
Cooperia
Bunostomum

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68
Q

What are the 2 GIM found in the large intestine of ruminants?

A

Oesophagostomum
Chobertia

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69
Q

What are the 3 clinical signs of chabertia ovina? (Roundworm)

A

Diarrhea
Weight loss
Poor body condition

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70
Q

Where is nematodirus found in the body? Which species?

A

Small intestine
Ruminants

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71
Q

How long can nematodirus eggs last on pasture?

A

Up to 2 years

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72
Q

How can you identify nematodirus eggs?

A

Fecal float

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73
Q

How is nematodirus transmitted in ruminants?

A

Ingestion of infective eggs by grazing

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74
Q

What is the PPP of nematodirus? (Days)

A

15-26 days

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75
Q

What can a heavy burden of nematodirus cause? (Triple D)

A

Diarrhea resulting in dehydration and death

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76
Q

Where is adult trichuris found in the body?

A

Large intestine

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77
Q

What is the PPP of trichuris in ruminants? (Months)

A

2-3 months

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78
Q

How can you identify trichuris eggs in ruminants?

A

Fecal float

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79
Q

Genus and species of the only lung worm in cattle

A

Dictyocaulus viviparus

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80
Q

Name the 3 lungworms found in sheep and goat

A

Dictyocaulus spp, protostrongylus rufescens, and muellerius

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81
Q

Where is Dictyocaulus viviparus found in the body? Which species?

A

Trachea and bronchi
Cattle

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82
Q

What is the PPP of Dictyocaulus viviparus? (Weeks)

A

3-4 weeks

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83
Q

How can you identify Dictyocaulus viviparus eggs?

A

Water baermann test

84
Q

List 3 clinical signs of Dictyocaulus viviparus (lungs)

A

Moderate cough, increased respiratory rate, and respiratory distress

85
Q

What is the clinical sign for heavily infected cattle with Dictyocaulus viviparus?

A

Standing with head stretched, forward, mouth open, and drooling

86
Q

How is protostrongylus rufescens transmissted? What is the common name? Which species?

A

Injection of effective eggs inside snails
lungworm
Sheep and goats

87
Q

What is the intermediate host for protostrongylus rufescens?

A

Snails

88
Q

How is muellerius transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infective eggs in slugs in grass

89
Q

What is the intermediate host of muellerius?

A

Slugs

90
Q

What is the PPP of protostrongylus rufescens? (Days)

A

30-37 days

91
Q

What is the PPP of muellerius? (Weeks)

A

6 weeks

92
Q

Where are the adults of skrjabinema found in the body? (Ruminant pinworm)

A

Large intestine

93
Q

How can you identify skrjabinema eggs?

A

Fecal float

94
Q

How is skrjabinema transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infected eggs while grazing

95
Q

What is the PPP of skrjabinema? (Days)

A

25 days

96
Q

What can severe infection of skrjabinema cause?

A

Pruritis ani

97
Q

Where moniezia found in the body? Which species? (Ruminant tapeworm)

A

Small intestine
Ruminants

98
Q

How is moniezia transmitted?

A

Ingested by pasture might and develop into cysticercoid cysts inside mite

99
Q

What is the PPP of moniezia? (Weeks)

A

6 weeks

100
Q

Where is thysanosoma acindoides found in the body? Which species? (Fringed tapeworm)

A

Small intestine
Ruminants

101
Q

What are the 3 intermediate hosts of thysanosoma actinoides?

A

Moss mite
Beetle mite
Barklice

102
Q

What is the genus, species, and common name for the only ruminant trematode?

A

Fasciola hepatica, liver fluke

103
Q

What does fasciola hepatica cause? Which species?

A

Liver rot
Ruminants

104
Q

What is liver rot also known as?

A

Fasciolosis

105
Q

Where are the adults of fasciola hepatica found in the body?

A

Bile duct in the liver

106
Q

Other than fecal float, how are fasciola hepatica eggs more likely found?

A

Fecal sediment

107
Q

What is the intermediate host of fasciola hepatica?

A

Snails

108
Q

What is the PPP of fasciola hepatica? (Weeks)

A

10-12 weeks

109
Q

What are the 3 forms of fasciolosis?

A

Acute
Sub-acute
Chronic

110
Q

What are the 3 clinical signs of adult fasciolosis?

A

Abdominal pain
Jaundice
Death due to blood loss

111
Q

What are the 3 clinical signs of sub-acute fasciolosis?

A

Anemia
Liver failure
Death in 8-10 weeks

112
Q

What are 3 clinical signs of chronic fasciolosis?

A

Bottle jaw
Bile duct obstruction
Hepatic fibrosis

113
Q

What are the 3 protozoans in ruminants? (Common names)

A

Trichomonas
Coccidia
Cryptosporidia

114
Q

What does cryptosporidium cause in cows?

A

Coccidiosis

115
Q

What are 2 ways cryptosporidium oocysts can be identified?

A

Fecal exam
Possibly a direct smear

116
Q

Where is coccidia found in the body?

A

Small intestine

117
Q

Where is trichomonas found in the body?

A

Cecum large intestine

118
Q

What is the PPP of eimeria in ruminants? (Days)

A

10-30 days

119
Q

What can a large number of eimeria in ruminants cause?

A

Diarrhea and straining

120
Q

Where do flies live in melophagus ovinus?

A

On the skin at the base of the wool

121
Q

What are some clinical signs of melophagus ovinus?

A

Intense pruritus and anemia

122
Q

What are the clinical signs of lice on ruminants?

A

Anemia, pruritus, and decreased weight gain

123
Q

What are some clinical signs of oestrus ovis? (Sheep nose bot)

A

Nasal discharge, sneezing, and head shaking

124
Q

What are some behaviour tactics that sheep may use to avoid annoying flies?

A

Run from place to place, keep nose close to the ground, gather in a circle with heads down

125
Q

Where is oestrus ovis found in the body? Which species?

A

Nasal sinuses, sheep

126
Q

How is oestrus ovis diagnosed?

A

By clinical signs

127
Q

Where would the larvae be found in cattle with hypoderma? (Bovine warble grub)

A

In warbles along the back of cattle

128
Q

How long is the life cycles of hypoderma?

A

Up to 1 year

129
Q

What are some indirect losses of hypoderma?

A

Reduced milk production, poor weight gain/loss, and reduced value or carcass

130
Q

Is psoroptes ovis a reportable disease? (Sheep scab mite)

A

Yes

131
Q

How is psoroptes ovis transmitted?

A

Direct contact or fomites

132
Q

How can you identify psoroptes ovis?

A

Skin scraping

133
Q

Where does mating and egg laying take place for psoroptes ovis?

A

Under the scab

134
Q

What are some clinical signs of psoroptes ovis?

A

Intense pruritus, irritation, and inflammation

135
Q

How is chorioptes transmitted? (Mange mite)

A

Direct contact between cattle, sheep, and goats

136
Q

Is chorioptes a reportable disease?

A

Yes

137
Q

How can you identify chorioptes?

A

Skin scraping

138
Q

Where do female mites lay chorioptes eggs?

A

On skin surface around edge of lesion

139
Q

Where are lesions from chorioptes found on the body?

A

Tail head, feet, and lower hind legs

140
Q

Is sarcoptes a reportable disease?

A

Yes

141
Q

Is sarcoptes zoonotic?

A

Yes

142
Q

Where do you find sarcoptes lesions on the body?

A

Face and ears

143
Q

Is sarcoptes a burrowing or non-burrowing mite?

A

Burrowing

144
Q

Where are the cattle lesions found with sarcoptes?

A

Scrotum, udder, and inner side of legs

145
Q

How can you identify sarcoptes?

A

Deep skin scraping

146
Q

What can intense pruritus from sarcoptes cause?

A

Inability to gain weight, and decreased milk production

147
Q

Where is the adult of ascaris suum found in the body? Which species? (Swine roundworm)

A

Small intestine, swine

148
Q

How can you identify ascaris suum eggs?

A

Fecal float

149
Q

What is the PPP of ascaris suum? (Weeks)

A

7-9 weeks

150
Q

How is ascaris suum transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infected eggs from the ground

151
Q

What are the visible lesions called that are caused by swine roundworm?

A

Milk spots

152
Q

Is swine roundworm zoonotic?

A

Yes

153
Q

What does ascaris suum cause in humans?

A

Dyspnea and possible intestinal blockage

154
Q

Where is oesophagostomum found in the body? Which species? (Nodular worm)

A

Lumen of large intestine, swine

155
Q

How can you identify oesophagostomum eggs?

A

Fecal float

156
Q

How is oesophagostomum transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infective eggs

157
Q

What is the PPP of oesophagostomum? (Days)

A

32-43 days

158
Q

What can oesophagostomum cause in young pigs?

A

Weight loss, diarrhea, and possible death

159
Q

What can oesophagostomum cause in older pigs?

A

Motility of intestines and intussusception

160
Q

What are the 3 stomach worms in swine?

A

Hyostrongylus, ascarops, and physocephalus

161
Q

What are the 2 stomach worms in swine that often get confused with one another?

A

Ascarops and physocephalus

162
Q

How can you identify stomach worm eggs in swine?

A

Fecal float

163
Q

What parasite egg does hyostrongylus resemble?

A

Oesophagostomum, nodular worm

164
Q

What is the intermediate host of ascarops and physocephalus? (Poo)

A

Dung beetle

165
Q

Does hyostrongylus have a direct or indirect-direct life cycle?

A

Direct

166
Q

Does ascarops and physcocephalus have a direct or indirect life cycle?

A

Indirect

167
Q

What is the PPP of hyostrongylus? (Days)

A

15-21 days

168
Q

What are some clinical signs of stomach worm in swine?

A

Anemia, diarrhea, and weight loss

169
Q

Where is whipworm in swine found in the body?

A

Cecum, large intestine

170
Q

How can you identify trichuris eggs in swine?

A

Fecal float

171
Q

What is the PPP for whipworm in swine? (Months)

A

2-3 months

172
Q

Where are the adults of trichinella spirals found in the body? Which species? (Pork worm)

A

Intestinal mucosa, swine

173
Q

How can you identify the larvae of trichinella spirals?

A

Cyst containing larvae found in meat inspection in striated muscle

174
Q

How is trichinella spirals transmitted?

A

Ingestion of infected tissue

175
Q

What does trichinella spirals cause in humans? How do humans become infected?

A

Trichinosis, by eating raw pork

176
Q

Can pigs act as intermediate hosts for trichinella spirals? If so, how?

A

Yes, through cannibalism

177
Q

What is the PPP of trichinella spirals (days)

A

2-6 days

178
Q

What are the clinical signs of pork worm?

A

Has little to no effect

179
Q

Genus, species, and common name of the only cestode in swine

A

Taenia solium, pork tapeworm

180
Q

Where is the adult or taenia solium found in the body? (Pork tapeworm)

A

Small intestine

181
Q

How can you identify the eggs of taenia solium?

A

Fecal float, segment opened and examined

182
Q

What is taenia solium the main cause of in humans? (C)

A

Cysticercosis

183
Q

What is the only definitive host of taenia solium?

A

Humans

184
Q

What are the 2 intermediate hosts of taenia solium?

A

Pigs and humans

185
Q

How is taenia solium transmitted in swine?

A

Ingesting vegetation contaminated with infected eggs found in human feces

186
Q

What are the 2 methods of infection for taenia solium in humans?

A

Ingestion of raw or undercooked pork, and ingestion of infective eggs

187
Q

Name the 2 protozoans in swine

A

Isospora suis and eimeria

188
Q

Is Isospora suis pathogenic or non-pathogenic?

A

Pathogenic

189
Q

Is eimeria in swine pathogenic or non-pathogenic?

A

Non-pathogenic

190
Q

What does Isospora suis cause in piglets?

A

Diarrhea, poor weight gain, and dehydration

191
Q

How can you identify Isospora suis eggs?

A

Fecal float

192
Q

What is the PPP of Isospora suis? (Days)

A

5 days

193
Q

What are some clinical signs of Isospora suis?

A

Greasy diarrhea and rough hair coat

194
Q

What is the PPP of eimeria in swine? (Days)

A

4-10 days

195
Q

What kind of protozoan is balatidium?

A

Ciliate

196
Q

What is the only ciliate protozoan in swine?

A

Balantidium coli

197
Q

What does balantidium coli cause? (B)

A

Balantidiasis

198
Q

Is balantidium zoonotic?

A

Yes

199
Q

What are the 2 morphological stages of balatidium coli?

A

Trophozoite and resistant cysts

200
Q

What is the transmission stage of balantidium coli?

A

Resistant cyst

201
Q

How can you identify both morphological stages of balantidium coli?

A

Direct smear or fecal float

202
Q

Where is balantidium coli found in the body?

A

Cecum large intestine

203
Q

What are some clinical signs for balantidium coli?

A

Diarrhea causing weakness, weight loss, and poor growth

204
Q

Genus, species, and common name of the only louse in swine. Biting or sucking?

A

Haematopinus suis, hog louse
Sucking

205
Q

What are some clinical signs of hog louse in swine?

A

Pruritus, anemia, and irritation

206
Q

Genus, species, and common name of the only mite in swine

A

Sarcoptes scabiei, mange might

207
Q

How is mange mite in swine diagnosed?

A

Skin scraping