Final Words Flashcards
Ad Hominem
Directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining
Adverbial conjunction
Can be used to illustrate a connection between two independent clauses
Red Herring
Something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important question
Strawman Fallacy
To exaggerate another person’s argument or point
Analysis
A detailed explanation of anything complex in order to understand its nature or to determine its essential feautres
Anecdote
A brief story used to illustrate a point or claim
Aristotle’s triangle
A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text
Automatic ethos
Status that automatically brings credibility and trustworthiness to the speaker
Bestowe(?)
To present as a gift; give; confer
Bouvier, who is he
An American Wall Street Stockbroker and socialite
Circular reasoning
A fallacy in which the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence
Claim of fact
A claim that asserts that something is true or not true
Claim of value
A claim of value argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong
Closed thesis
A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make
Complex sentence and formulas
A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. D, I
Compound sentence and formulas
A sentence that includes at least two independent clauses. IC , CC , IC
Conceding and refuting
A sentence or two acknowledging that there could be some truth to the counterargument
Conjunctive Adverbs
Connects two independent clause or sentence
Coordinating Conjunction
A conjunction placed between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of equal rank
Deduction
A logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal trust and applying it to a specific case
Definition (argument type)
Focuses on clarifying a definition for a controversial term or concept
Ethos
Speakers appeal to ethos to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic
Ethos methods
The persuasive technique that appeals to an audience by highlighting credibility
Illogical
Lacking sense or clear, sound reasoning
Induction
A logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion
Infinitive
The basic form of a verb. without an inflection binding it to a particular subject or tense
Irony
A figure of speech that occurs when a character says one thing but means something else
Lexicographer
An author or editor of a dictionary
Logical fallacies
Potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument
Logos
Speakers appeal to logos by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimonies
Logos methods
Using historical and literal analogies to make a logical argument
Open thesis
One that does not list all of the points the writer intends to cover in an essay
OPTICS
The branch of physical science that deals with the properties and phenomena of both visible and invisible light and with vision
Paradoxical
Seeming impossible or difficult to understand because of containing two opposite facts or characteristics
Pathos
Speakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience
Pathos methods
To persuade an audience by purposely evoking certain emotions to make them feel the way the author wants them to feel
Possession (apostraphe)
A punctuation mark that appears as part of a word to show possession
Precedent
An earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequence similar circumstances
Quantitative evidence
Things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers
Quotes (How to use them)
To mark something that is spoken or, in other words, to designate a direct quote
Rhetoric
It is the art of finding ways of persuading an audience
Rhetorical
Used to persuade an audience by emphasising what they find most important or compelling
Rhetorical triangle
A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text
Satire
The use of irony or sarcasm to critique society or an individual
Second-hand evidence
Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation
Subordinating conjunction
A conjunction that introduces a subordinate clause, e.g., although, because
Subordination
Placement in a lower class, rank, or position
Syllogism
A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion
Synthesis
To combine two or more ideas in order to create something more complex in support of a new idea
Thesis
The chief claim that a writer makes in any argumentative place of writing, usually state in one sentence
Underline(how and when to use it)
Clarify an unfamiliar word
Draw emphasis
Visual texts
An image
Webster, who is he
An American lexicographer
Worcester, who is he
An American missionary to the Cherokee
Claim of policy
A claim of policy proposes a change
