Final Whoop Whoop Flashcards
Mutualism
+,+
Commensalism
+,0
Competition
-,-
parasitism, predation
+,-
symbiosims
is when the animals live in direct contact with each other, they can be any anything from mutualism to predation
Exploitative competition
is when there is not direct competition and it is more like who gets the resource first
Interference competition
is when there is direct competition between two organism
intraspecific competition
is when their is competition between two of the same species, leads to self thinning and is density dependent
interspecific
is competition among different species, affects the range of the organisms
niches (home/work)
what the animal needs for it habitit versus what the animal needs for food, N-dimensional hypervolume is all the resources an animal needs
guild
is all the organism that eat the same animal
fundamental/ realized
fundamental is how big of an area an organism can fundamentally live in while realized is normally smaller because it has to deal with competition but mutualism may actually make it bigger
Competitive exclusion principle
no two organisms will actually share the same niche
Characterstic Displacement or the Ghost of Competition Past
Is when species are able to reduce their niche overlap and and their difference are not due to randome genetics, their are 6 criterias, differences are due to genetic variation not environmental placisidity, difference is greater for sympatric than allopatric, no different fonders, morphological difference help with resource extraction, also differences not due to different resources, and their is competition
paradox of plankton
there are a lot of different kinds of plankton but they all have the same niche cause they use the same resource, so they may have separate time niches
4 LV prediction or competition prediction
when one dominate the other and its obvious, when the other one dominates and it is obvious, meaning the dominate species has a very strong affect on the subordinate species, either species can with and that has it when interspecies is great than interspecies, species co-exist when intraspecies is greater than interspecies
Assumptions for L-V model
the k most be constant, coexistants requires it to be stable, there is no migration, competition is the only biological factor and the affects of competition are instentinously
geometric growth
when there is non-overlapping generations and maybe distinct breeding season, and the rate of growth is constant, if delta is bigger than one, the population is growing
disturbance
is any physical forces that results in the loss of biomass or the death of something, is measured in intesnsity, frequency, and scale
resistance
is how much the ecosystem changes after the disturbance
resilience
is how quickly the ecosystem changes back to normal after the disturbance
alternative stable state
is when an ecosystem stabalizes not at the same state before the disturbance but somewhere inbetween
primary succession
has to start when there is no organic matter and can happen after a volcano or glacier or mudslide
secondary succession
they can have an intact soil and are like fires sometimes, or hurricanes, insect invasions
K versus R for succession
K is more of a secondary succession while R is more for primary succession
monoclimax
is when no matter how primary succession start it will always end up as the same ecosystem like in the northwest but not everywhere else
type 1 survivorship
when there are few deaths in the beginning and a lot at the end
type 2 survivorship
when there is an equal amount of deaths throughout the organism life
type 3 survivorship
when there is a lot of deaths at the end of the organism life and few at the beginning
fecunidty
is the age at which reproduction occurs
cohort
is a way to measure individuals by measuring one generation and then following it throughout its life
static
follow the mortality and fecunidty throughout multiple generations
survivorship
is the amount of a population that survives over time X
intermediate stress hypothesis
Grim predicted that there would be like a hump back affect for when it comes to diversity versus stress aka resource availability, equilibrium mechanism
keystone species
animal with relative low biomass but has a huge affect on the food web
dominate species
are the organisms that influence in the community is relative to their biomass
how keystone species can increase biodiversity
selected predatation and the prey is the competitive dominate ones
intermediate disturbance hypothesis
the ecosystems that have an average amount of disturbances will have the highest amount of diversity, was proposed by conelle, non-equilbrium mechanism
sousa defined disturbance
is anything that causes killing or damaging of one organism that creates an opportunity for another organism and that is based on frequency and intensity
environmental complexity
as the complexity of the environment so does the amount of species
ecotones
is different mini ecosystems going through an area like going up a mountain
fitness
the contribution an organism makes to the future gene pool
plascitity
is the variation that organism with the same genes can have
ecotypes
is when there is actually genotype difference that are caused by the differences in the environment
positive feedback
when the trend continues, amplifing
negative feedback
when the trend starts going the other way, stabalizing
accimilation/adaptation
a singel organism can acclimate while a species are the only ones that can adapt
convergent evoluntion
when two organism end up having the same characteristic but they dont have the same ancestors
albedo
high albedo means white
change in body contour
means change in body size
things in a heat body equation
solar radiation, infra radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation, metabolism
cavitation
is when the cohesion mechanism breaks and then water does not go up the xylem anymore
hydrolic lifting
is when roots move water from a lower area to a higher area but not all the way up because the water potential may be so low at the top of the soil
absolute vapor pressure defficent
is the difference between saturated vapor pressure and actual humidity, the higher it is the more their is evaporation
freshwater/saltwater fish
freshwater fish actively absorb salts, while slt water fish actively secrete salt
