Final Vocabulary

Question 1

Arianism

Answer 1

nontrinitarian christian belief that asserts that jesus christ is entirely distinct from and subordinate to the god the father; teachings attributed to arius; in opposition to mainstream christian teachings on the nature of the trinity and the nature of christ, made jesus a demigod

Question 2

Neoplatonism

Answer 2

tradition of philosophy that arose in the 3rd century AD; constituted a continuous tradition of philosophers which began with plotinus; plotinus combined teachings of plato and aristotle, had a non-dual view

Question 3

Manichaeism

Answer 3

describes struggle between a good, spiritual world of light, and an evil, material world of darkness; beliefs based on local mesopotamian gnostic and religious movements; spread through the aramaic-syriac speaking regions

Question 4

Ka’bah

Answer 4

shrine near the Great mosque in Mecca, “sacred stone”, pray facing the Ka’bah

Question 5

Theodoric

Answer 5

king of the germanic ostrogoths; ruler of italy; patricius of the eastern roman empire

Question 6

the Ostrogoths

Answer 6

ruled by theodoric the great; established kingdom in italy in the late 5th and 6th centuries; subjugated by the huns

Question 7

Lady Philosophy

Answer 7

has conversations with Boethius; otherworldly looking lady; begins his “cure” by showing him the error of his ways

Question 8

privatio boni

Answer 8

theological doctrine that evil, unlike good, is insubstantial, so that thinking of it as an entity is misleading; evil is the absence or lack of good; privation of good; typically attributed to st. augustine of hippo

Question 9

The wanderer

Answer 9

roams the cold seas and walks “paths of exile”; remembers day when he served his lord and feasted with comrades; finally comes to realize that life is full of hardships and everything is governed by god

Question 10

Bede

Answer 10

english monk as the monastery of saint peter; “the father of english history”; skilled linguist and translator

Question 11

Caedmon’s Hymn

Answer 11

short old english poem in honor of god the creator; survives in a latin translation by bede in his book; caedmon was an shepherd, gains gift by god

Question 12

Byrhtnoth

Answer 12

ealdorman of Essex; died while leading the Anglo-saxon forces in the battle of malden against vikings; subject of a famous old english poem; allowed vikings to move to a better position, it was heroic but fatal; retainers fought to the death

Question 13

the Wanderer

Answer 13

alliterative verse; composed around time anglo-saxons were making the conversion to christianity; composer and compiler are anonymous, and poem is untitled with the manuscript

Question 14

Geats

Answer 14

north germanic tribe in sweden; beowulf’s people; ruled by King Hyglac

Question 15

boasting on Old English poetry

Answer 15

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Question 16

Heorot

Answer 16

“foremost of halls under heaven”; palace for king Hrothgar; beowulf defends this royal hall and its residents from grendel; greatest feasting hall

Question 17

Wiglaf

Answer 17

goes with beowulf to seek out the dragon; only man of beowulf’s band to overcome his fear of the dragon; rebukes the other thanes and goes to beowulf’s aid

Question 18

Hygelac

Answer 18

king of the geats; beowulf’s lord and ring-giver; beowulf’s foster brother when they were young; goodhearted and strong king, dies in battle; beowulf very loyal to him

Question 19

Hrothgar

Answer 19

builder of the great hall heart, ruler of denmark; gifted beowulf with great treasures, showing his generosity

Question 20

Unferth

Answer 20

challenges beowulf’s boasts and claims about himself; tells story about beowulf’s swimming contest with breca, suggesting he lost; beowulf reminds unferth that he hasn’t been able to defeat grendel

Question 21

fin’ amors

Answer 21

courtly love; emphasized nobility and chivalry; knights would set out on adventures and perform various services for ladies because of this love

Question 22

love-talking

Answer 22

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Question 23

Marie de Champagne

Answer 23

empress consort of baldwin I of constantinople; daughter of count of champagne and marie de france; her husband baldwin was elected latin empire’s first emperor making marie the empress consort; established the court of love; played a role in the creation of the knight in the cart and the knight with the lion

Question 24

Queen of Heaven

Answer 24

title given to virgin mary by christians mainly of the roman catholic church; called queen of heaven because her son jesus christ is the king of is real and heavenly king of the universe; the title is a catholic tradition and was used before it was given a formal definition status by the church

Question 25

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Answer 25

one of wealthiest and most powerful women in western europe during high middle ages; member of ramnulfid dynasty of rulers in southwestern france; became duchess of aquitaine in her own right while still a child and then queen consort of france

Question 26

Gawain

Answer 26

most trustworthy friend of lancelot; defender of the poor and a defender of women; helps to go after guinevere with lancelot and takes the safer routes; fights Yvain in the tournament

Question 27

Kay

Answer 27

king arthur’s foster brother; tricks Arthur into letting him take Guinevere to the forest; one of arthur’s premier warriors; meleagant accuses guinevere of having an affair with kay

Question 28

Guinevere

Answer 28

queen and consort of king arthur; had a love affair with lancelot; was mad at lancelot after he hesitated to ride in the cart

Question 29

Meleagant

Answer 29

abducts queen guinevere; son of king bagdemagu; killed by lancelot in a duel; accuses guinevere of committing adultery with kay

Question 30

Bademagu

Answer 30

father of meleagant; interferes during duel of meleagant and lancelot when meleagant isn’t fighting fairly; king of gorre

Question 31

Yvain

Answer 31

seeks to avenge his cousin calogrenat who had been defeated by otherworldly knight esclados; defeats esclados and falls in love with his widow lauding; forgets his lady, she bars him from returning, he goes mad, becomes the knight with the lion

Question 32

Calogrenant

Answer 32

cousin of yvain; knight of the round table; esclados attacks him for causing havoc, but doesn’t kill him

Question 33

Lunete

Answer 33

handmaiden and advisor to the lady of the fountain lauding; responsible for convincing laudine to accepts yvain in marriage; yvain saves lunete and wins back laudine again

Question 34

Laudine

Answer 34

lady of the fountain; wife of esclados; convinced by lunete to marry yvain; tells him to come back within a year and when he doesn’t she bars him from returning

Question 35

Hildegard of Bingen

Answer 35

head of a female monastery; recognized as saint by branches of the roman catholic church; german writer, composer, philosopher,painter, suffered from heavenly visions

Question 36

Marie de France

Answer 36

medieval poet; wrote a form of anglo-norman french; principally known for her work “the laws of marie de france”