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finals > final vocab-chemistry > Flashcards

final vocab-chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Kinetic-macular theory

A

A list of postulates about gas

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2
Q

STP

A

Standard temperature and pressure: 273 K, 1 atm

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3
Q

Absolute Zero

A

The lowest possible temperature that can be reached

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4
Q

Molar volume

A

Volume of one mole of gas

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5
Q

Gas constant

A

R in the idea gas equation

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6
Q

Real Gas

A

Gases which behave like ideal gases under many ordinary conditions

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7
Q

Effusion

A

The movement of atoms or molecules through a hole so tiny that they do not stream through but pass through one by one

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8
Q

Barometer

A

A tool used to measure atmospheric pressure

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9
Q

Manometer

A

An instrument used to measure the pressure in a closed container

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10
Q

Condensed states

A

The states of matter that liquid and solid are in because they have higher densities than gas

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11
Q

Intramolecular forces

A

Forces that exist inside the molecule

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12
Q

Intermolecular forces

A

The forces of attraction between the neighboring molecules

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13
Q

Induced dipole

A

A dipole that is created by the presence of a neighboring dipole

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14
Q

Dispersion force

A

Force of attraction between induced dipoles

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15
Q

Dipole-dipole forces

A

Attractions between opposite charges of neighboring permanent dipoles

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16
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A strong intermolecular force (not a covalent bond)

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17
Q

Viscosity

A

The frictions or resistance to motion that exists between the molecules of a liquid when they move past each other

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18
Q

Surface tension

A

The imbalance of forces at the surface of a liquid

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19
Q

Crystalline solid

A

A solid in which the representative particles exist in a highly ordered, repeating pattern

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20
Q

Amorphous solids

A

Substances that are rigid and appear solid but do not behave like crystalline solids

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21
Q

Covalent-network solids

A

A solid with a covalent bond that forms a network extending throughout the solid crystal

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22
Q

Phase change

A

The conversion of a substance from one of the three physical states of matter to another

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23
Q

Vaporization

A

Change of state from liquid to gas

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24
Q

Condensation

A

The change of a state from gas to liquid

25
Q

Evaporation

A

Process by which molecules of a liquid escape from the surface of the liquid and enter the vapor phase

26
Q

Equilibrium vapor pressure

A

Pressure molecules exert

27
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

The amount of heat needed to vaporize a given amount of a liquid

28
Q

Freezing point

A

The temperature at which the solid and liquid forms of a substance exist in equilibrium

29
Q

Heat of fusion

A

The heat needed to convert a given amount of a solid into a liquid

30
Q

Sublimation

A

Conversion of a solid directly into a gas

31
Q

Deposition

A

Transformation of a gas directly into a solid

32
Q

Phase diagram

A

A diagram that relates the states of a substance of temperature and pressure

33
Q

elastic

A

A collision where no energy is lost

34
Q

Solution

A

A homogenous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state

35
Q

Solute

A

The substance that is dissolved

36
Q

Solvent

A

The substance that does the dissolving

37
Q

Soluble

A

Capable of being dissolved

38
Q

Insoluble

A

A substance that does not dissolve in another

39
Q

Alloys

A

A solid solution containing two or more metals

40
Q

Miscible

A

Pairs of liquids that can mix in any amount

41
Q

Immiscible

A

Liquids that cannot mix in any proportions

42
Q

Aqueous solutions

A

Solutions with water at the solvent

43
Q

Concentration

A

The amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution

44
Q

Molarity

A

Number of miles of solute dissolved in each liter of solution

M= moles of solute/liters of solution

45
Q

Molality

A

The number of moles of a solute dissolved in each kg of solvent

46
Q

Mole fractions

A

The number of moles of one component divided by the total number of moles in the solution

47
Q

Saturated

A

A solution that cannot have any more solute dissolved in it

48
Q

Unsaturated

A

A solution that has less than the maximum amount of split that can be dissolved

49
Q

Supersaturated

A

A solution that contains a greater amount of solute than that needed to form a saturated solution

50
Q

Solvation

A

The interaction between solute and solvent particles

51
Q

Hydration

A

Solvation when the solvent is water

52
Q

Solubility

A

The amount of a solute that will dissolve in a specific solvent under given conditions

53
Q

Polar solvent

A

A liquid made up of polar molecules

54
Q

Colligative property

A

A property that depends on the concentration of solute particles but is independent of their nature

55
Q

Vapor pressure reduction

A

When more molecules leave the gas than enter it, and pressure of the gas is reduced

56
Q

Boiling point elevation

A

The amount at which the boiling temperature is raised

57
Q

Freezing point depression

A

The ability of a dissolved solute to lower the freezing point of its solution

58
Q

Osmosis

A

A net flow of solvent molecules from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution

59
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The pressure required to prevent osmosis

finals (3 decks)

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