Final Test Study Guide Flashcards
1948 Arab- Israeli War
This war pitted the new state of Israel against its 5 Arab neighbors - broke out in May 1948 - resulted in Palestine being split between Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip - plus 700,000 Arab refugees whose fate has become central to the politics of the region
Palestinian Refugees
Palestinian refugees (per United Nations Resolution 194) originally included Arabs whose normal places of residence were in Israel and Jews who had had their homes in Mandatory Palestine, such as those from the Jewish Quarter of the Old City.
Cold War
The Cold War was a long period of tension between the democracies of the Western World and the communist countries of Eastern Europe. The west was led by the United States and Eastern Europe was led by the Soviet Union. These two countries became known as superpowers. Although the two superpowers never officially declared war on each other, they fought indirectly in proxy wars, the arms race, and the space race.
Command Economy
Economic system in which the means of production are publicly owned and economic activity is controlled by a central authority.
iron Curtain *
On the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union. On either side of the Iron Curtain, states developed their own international economic and military alliances; win ten church ills theory, western and eastern
Spheres of influence
US = westernized and industrial USSR = rural and agricultural Nasser wanted to be in-between
Truman Doctrine
- Aid would be given to both Greece and Turkey, to help cool the long-standing rivalry between them. In March 1947, President Truman appeared before Congress and used Kennan’s Containment policy as the basis for what became known as the Truman Doctrine. - stop communism
Maoism
the communist doctrines of Mao Zedong as formerly practiced in China, having as a central idea permanent revolution and stressing the importance of the peasantry, of small-scale industry, and of agricultural collectivization.
The Great leap Forward
was an effort made by the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of Mao Zedong (also known as Mao Tse-tung) to transform China into a society capable of competing with other industrialized nations, within a short, five-year time period.
1952 Coup in Egypt
- overthrow the ward - nasser and RCC come to power
Muslim Brotherhood
Egyptian populist and Islamist organization founded in the 1920s - represented the interests of Egypt’s poorer, more rural, and more religious / traditional elements. Often out of power and persecuted by Egyptian authorities, this group is also seen as a founding organization for later Islamist groups and organizations.
“post-colonial elite”
a general tree that after the European country gives the colony independence, an elitist group - modern, secular, pro western - often get overthrown by the traditional, agriculturally based rest of the pop
Wafd
Egyptian nationalist party that came to power in Egypt during the 1920s
Free officers/ RCC
Revolutionary command council –> introduced no constitution, no colonialism, pro democracy
Gamel Nasser
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death. He planned the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy, and was deputy prime minister in the new government.
Nasserism
- Independence ( anti imperialism from west) - Pan-Arabism –> nationalism - land reform = equality - ethnic nationalism - populism (grew up w/ nothing) “one of you” - militarism/ economic growth - not for money - patriotic –> under threat
Pan- Arabism
arab unity; nasserism
The Baghdad Pact
- Egypt/nasser didn’t join - Central treaty organization - western defense alliance - purpose was to align middle eastern states with britain
1958 coup in Iraq (Qasim)
- On July 14, 1958, the royal family including were attacked as they were leaving the palace. When all of them arrived in the courtyard they were told to turn towards the palace wall, and were all shot down by Captain Abdus Sattar As Sab’, a member of the coup led by Brigadier Abd al-Karim Qasim - overthrow the monarch
Arab Socialism
- is a political ideology based on an amalgamation of Pan-Arabism and socialism. Arab socialism is distinct from the much broader tradition of socialist thought in the Arab world, which predates Arab socialism by as much as fifty years. - drawing recourses into the gov. and giving it to the prople
“positive neutralism”
- spheres of influence - nasser wanted to be in the middle
Aswan High Dam
- the Aswan High Dam across the Nile River in Egypt is completed on July 21, 1970. - nasser build after ager with suez - soviets funded the dam
Czech arms deal
- The Egyptian-Czech arms deal was an agreement between the USSR and Egypt led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, announced in September 1955, to supply Egypt with more than $250 million worth of modern Soviet weaponry, through Czechoslovakia. - USSR traded for cotton from Egypt and in return Egypt gets money
Suez crisis (1956)
- before 1956, UK owned the canal and after 1956 Egypt owns it - attack on Suez by israelis fueled Arab nationalism - Egypt nationalized Suez canal to use its revenues to fund development project (second dam across Nile at Aswan) - Nasser resists imperialism, promoting him a symbol of Pan-Arabism
United Arab Republic
- union of syria and egypt into a single state - egypt become dominant - broke up in 1961
King Husayn (jordan)
- grandson of abdullah - durable king, ruled until 1999
Two state solution
Un proposes a partition between arabs and israelis
Ba’th Party (Syria and Iraq)
Socialist and Arab nationalist political party that rose to power in Syria and Iraq in the 1960s and 70s
Six Day War- June 1967
- Israeli air force destroys Egyptian and Jordanian air forces • Jordan, Egypt, Syria are quickly defeated • Israe occupies the West Bank (including all of Jerusalem), Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights • Leads to another wave of refugees
Khartoum Resolution
• 3 “Nos” • No peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with Israel • Lasted until 1978
“Right of Return”
• Rights of refugees to return to their homes • Conflict between Israelis and Palestinians
“Land for Peace”
• Question of whether Israel should yield land in order to get peace • Yizthak Rabin said yes • Yigul Amir said no (and killed Rabin)
2 State Solution
• UN proposes a partition between Arabs and Israelis • Before War of 1948
The West Bank
• Region was controlled by Britain until 1948 then Jordan until 1967 and is now controlled by Israel
Gaza Strip
• Region was controlled by Britain until 1948 then Egypt until 1967 then Israel (until Israel pulled out in 2005)
PLO/Fatah
• Palestinian Liberation Organization • Fatah is leader of PLO • PA- Palestinian Authority • Wants to create a state with West Bank and Gaza • Controls West Bank
Yasser Araft
- leader of the fatah
Hamas
• Wants no Israel at all • Controls Gaza Strip
Likud
• Conservative, religious Israelis
Labor
• Moderate Israelis
Yitzhak Rabin
• Israeli prime minister • Believed Israel should yield land in order to achieve peace
Communism
- complete opposite of free market - command economy - no private property
Capitalism
- complete free market - controlled by private ownership
Liberalism
- rights and freedoms for an individual
“white mans burden”
- burden of a more developed society, their “duty” - do you use your wealth to try and help other nations? - come to the aid of underdeveloped countries - at the risk of destroying indigenous cultures
civic nationalism
- unification of people based on their nationalist, completely aside form their ethnicities or religions
Kaiser Wilhelm 2
- responsible for the destabilization o power in western Europe - cause for ww1/ contributer
Treat of Versailles
- peace treaty after ww1 - placed all blame on Germany - didn’t resolve anything - ww2 broke out shortly after
