Final Test Study Guide Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
1948 Arab- Israeli War
A
This war pitted the new state of Israel against its 5 Arab neighbors - broke out in May 1948 - resulted in Palestine being split between Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip - plus 700,000 Arab refugees whose fate has become central to the politics of the region
2
Q
Palestinian Refugees
A
Palestinian refugees (per United Nations Resolution 194) originally included Arabs whose normal places of residence were in Israel and Jews who had had their homes in Mandatory Palestine, such as those from the Jewish Quarter of the Old City.
3
Q
Cold War
A
The Cold War was a long period of tension between the democracies of the Western World and the communist countries of Eastern Europe. The west was led by the United States and Eastern Europe was led by the Soviet Union. These two countries became known as superpowers. Although the two superpowers never officially declared war on each other, they fought indirectly in proxy wars, the arms race, and the space race.
4
Q
Command Economy
A
Economic system in which the means of production are publicly owned and economic activity is controlled by a central authority.
5
Q
iron Curtain *
A
On the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union. On either side of the Iron Curtain, states developed their own international economic and military alliances; win ten church ills theory, western and eastern
6
Q
Spheres of influence
A
US = westernized and industrial USSR = rural and agricultural Nasser wanted to be in-between
7
Q
Truman Doctrine
A
- Aid would be given to both Greece and Turkey, to help cool the long-standing rivalry between them. In March 1947, President Truman appeared before Congress and used Kennan’s Containment policy as the basis for what became known as the Truman Doctrine. - stop communism
8
Q
Maoism
A
the communist doctrines of Mao Zedong as formerly practiced in China, having as a central idea permanent revolution and stressing the importance of the peasantry, of small-scale industry, and of agricultural collectivization.
9
Q
The Great leap Forward
A
was an effort made by the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of Mao Zedong (also known as Mao Tse-tung) to transform China into a society capable of competing with other industrialized nations, within a short, five-year time period.
10
Q
1952 Coup in Egypt
A
- overthrow the ward - nasser and RCC come to power
11
Q
Muslim Brotherhood
A
Egyptian populist and Islamist organization founded in the 1920s - represented the interests of Egypt’s poorer, more rural, and more religious / traditional elements. Often out of power and persecuted by Egyptian authorities, this group is also seen as a founding organization for later Islamist groups and organizations.
12
Q
“post-colonial elite”
A
a general tree that after the European country gives the colony independence, an elitist group - modern, secular, pro western - often get overthrown by the traditional, agriculturally based rest of the pop
13
Q
Wafd
A
Egyptian nationalist party that came to power in Egypt during the 1920s
14
Q
Free officers/ RCC
A
Revolutionary command council –> introduced no constitution, no colonialism, pro democracy
15
Q
Gamel Nasser
A
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death. He planned the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy, and was deputy prime minister in the new government.
16
Q
Nasserism
A
- Independence ( anti imperialism from west) - Pan-Arabism –> nationalism - land reform = equality - ethnic nationalism - populism (grew up w/ nothing) “one of you” - militarism/ economic growth - not for money - patriotic –> under threat
17
Q
Pan- Arabism
A
arab unity; nasserism
18
Q
The Baghdad Pact
A
- Egypt/nasser didn’t join - Central treaty organization - western defense alliance - purpose was to align middle eastern states with britain
19
Q
1958 coup in Iraq (Qasim)
A
- On July 14, 1958, the royal family including were attacked as they were leaving the palace. When all of them arrived in the courtyard they were told to turn towards the palace wall, and were all shot down by Captain Abdus Sattar As Sab’, a member of the coup led by Brigadier Abd al-Karim Qasim - overthrow the monarch
20
Q
Arab Socialism
A
- is a political ideology based on an amalgamation of Pan-Arabism and socialism. Arab socialism is distinct from the much broader tradition of socialist thought in the Arab world, which predates Arab socialism by as much as fifty years. - drawing recourses into the gov. and giving it to the prople
21
Q
“positive neutralism”
A
- spheres of influence - nasser wanted to be in the middle
22
Q
Aswan High Dam
A
- the Aswan High Dam across the Nile River in Egypt is completed on July 21, 1970. - nasser build after ager with suez - soviets funded the dam
23
Q
Czech arms deal
A
- The Egyptian-Czech arms deal was an agreement between the USSR and Egypt led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, announced in September 1955, to supply Egypt with more than $250 million worth of modern Soviet weaponry, through Czechoslovakia. - USSR traded for cotton from Egypt and in return Egypt gets money
24
Q
Suez crisis (1956)
A
- before 1956, UK owned the canal and after 1956 Egypt owns it - attack on Suez by israelis fueled Arab nationalism - Egypt nationalized Suez canal to use its revenues to fund development project (second dam across Nile at Aswan) - Nasser resists imperialism, promoting him a symbol of Pan-Arabism
25
United Arab Republic
- union of syria and egypt into a single state - egypt become dominant - broke up in 1961
26
King Husayn (jordan)
- grandson of abdullah - durable king, ruled until 1999
27
Two state solution
Un proposes a partition between arabs and israelis
28
Ba’th Party (Syria and Iraq)
Socialist and Arab nationalist political party that rose to power in Syria and Iraq in the 1960s and 70s
29
Six Day War- June 1967
- Israeli air force destroys Egyptian and Jordanian air forces • Jordan, Egypt, Syria are quickly defeated • Israe occupies the West Bank (including all of Jerusalem), Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights • Leads to another wave of refugees
30
Khartoum Resolution
• 3 “Nos” • No peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with Israel • Lasted until 1978
31
“Right of Return”
• Rights of refugees to return to their homes • Conflict between Israelis and Palestinians
32
“Land for Peace”
• Question of whether Israel should yield land in order to get peace • Yizthak Rabin said yes • Yigul Amir said no (and killed Rabin)
33
2 State Solution
• UN proposes a partition between Arabs and Israelis • Before War of 1948
34
The West Bank
• Region was controlled by Britain until 1948 then Jordan until 1967 and is now controlled by Israel
35
Gaza Strip
• Region was controlled by Britain until 1948 then Egypt until 1967 then Israel (until Israel pulled out in 2005)
36
PLO/Fatah
• Palestinian Liberation Organization • Fatah is leader of PLO • PA- Palestinian Authority • Wants to create a state with West Bank and Gaza • Controls West Bank
37
Yasser Araft
- leader of the fatah
38
Hamas
• Wants no Israel at all • Controls Gaza Strip
39
Likud
• Conservative, religious Israelis
40
Labor
• Moderate Israelis
41
Yitzhak Rabin
• Israeli prime minister • Believed Israel should yield land in order to achieve peace
42
Communism
- complete opposite of free market - command economy - no private property
43
Capitalism
- complete free market - controlled by private ownership
44
Liberalism
- rights and freedoms for an individual
45
"white mans burden"
- burden of a more developed society, their "duty" - do you use your wealth to try and help other nations? - come to the aid of underdeveloped countries - at the risk of destroying indigenous cultures
46
civic nationalism
- unification of people based on their nationalist, completely aside form their ethnicities or religions
47
Kaiser Wilhelm 2
- responsible for the destabilization o power in western Europe - cause for ww1/ contributer
48
Treat of Versailles
- peace treaty after ww1 - placed all blame on Germany - didn't resolve anything - ww2 broke out shortly after
49
Mein Kampf
- "my struggle" - hitlers autobiography - anti-semitism
50
Stalinism
- 5-year plan - dictator - wanted to destroy all private farms --\> starved people - engineered famine
51
Muhammad
- 1st prophet - son in law is Ali --\> fourth caliph, first imam - Quran --\> direct word of God as received by Muhammad
52
Ijtihad
- to interpret the text and create law
53
Quran
- word of god - means of recitation
54
Shariah
- Type of law - Moral code and religious law of muslims.
55
Hijrah
The journey of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to avoid prosecution.
56
Wajib
Something you must do in Islam.
57
Hajj
Pilgrimage to Mecca
58
Imam
Islamic leadership position -- specific to Shia muslims! Not to be confused with Caliph, which refers to the Sunni leaders.
59
Wahhabism
Conservative Islamist movement that arose in the 1800s in respose to the intrusion of industry and western culture.
60
This war pitted the new state of Israel against its 5 Arab neighbors - broke out in May 1948 - resulted in Palestine being split between Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip - plus 700,000 Arab refugees whose fate has become central to the politics of the region
1948 Arab- Israeli War
61
Palestinian refugees (per United Nations Resolution 194) originally included Arabs whose normal places of residence were in Israel and Jews who had had their homes in Mandatory Palestine, such as those from the Jewish Quarter of the Old City.
Palestinian Refugees
62
The Cold War was a long period of tension between the democracies of the Western World and the communist countries of Eastern Europe. The west was led by the United States and Eastern Europe was led by the Soviet Union. These two countries became known as superpowers. Although the two superpowers never officially declared war on each other, they fought indirectly in proxy wars, the arms race, and the space race.
Cold War
63
Economic system in which the means of production are publicly owned and economic activity is controlled by a central authority.
Command Economy
64
On the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union. On either side of the Iron Curtain, states developed their own international economic and military alliances; win ten church ills theory, western and eastern
iron Curtain \*
65
US = westernized and industrial USSR = rural and agricultural Nasser wanted to be in-between
Spheres of influence
66
- Aid would be given to both Greece and Turkey, to help cool the long-standing rivalry between them. In March 1947, President Truman appeared before Congress and used Kennan's Containment policy as the basis for what became known as the Truman Doctrine. - stop communism
Truman Doctrine
67
the communist doctrines of Mao Zedong as formerly practiced in China, having as a central idea permanent revolution and stressing the importance of the peasantry, of small-scale industry, and of agricultural collectivization.
Maoism
68
was an effort made by the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of Mao Zedong (also known as Mao Tse-tung) to transform China into a society capable of competing with other industrialized nations, within a short, five-year time period.
The Great leap Forward
69
- overthrow the ward - nasser and RCC come to power
1952 Coup in Egypt
70
Egyptian populist and Islamist organization founded in the 1920s - represented the interests of Egypt's poorer, more rural, and more religious / traditional elements. Often out of power and persecuted by Egyptian authorities, this group is also seen as a founding organization for later Islamist groups and organizations.
Muslim Brotherhood
71
a general tree that after the European country gives the colony independence, an elitist group - modern, secular, pro western - often get overthrown by the traditional, agriculturally based rest of the pop
"post-colonial elite"
72
Egyptian nationalist party that came to power in Egypt during the 1920s
Wafd
73
Revolutionary command council --\> introduced no constitution, no colonialism, pro democracy
Free officers/ RCC
74
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death. He planned the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy, and was deputy prime minister in the new government.
Gamel Nasser
75
- Independence ( anti imperialism from west) - Pan-Arabism --\> nationalism - land reform = equality - ethnic nationalism - populism (grew up w/ nothing) "one of you" - militarism/ economic growth - not for money - patriotic --\> under threat
Nasserism
76
arab unity; nasserism
Pan- Arabism
77
- Egypt/nasser didn't join - Central treaty organization - western defense alliance - purpose was to align middle eastern states with britain
The Baghdad Pact
78
- On July 14, 1958, the royal family including were attacked as they were leaving the palace. When all of them arrived in the courtyard they were told to turn towards the palace wall, and were all shot down by Captain Abdus Sattar As Sab’, a member of the coup led by Brigadier Abd al-Karim Qasim - overthrow the monarch
1958 coup in Iraq (Qasim)
79
- is a political ideology based on an amalgamation of Pan-Arabism and socialism. Arab socialism is distinct from the much broader tradition of socialist thought in the Arab world, which predates Arab socialism by as much as fifty years. - drawing recourses into the gov. and giving it to the prople
Arab Socialism
80
- spheres of influence - nasser wanted to be in the middle
"positive neutralism"
81
- the Aswan High Dam across the Nile River in Egypt is completed on July 21, 1970. - nasser build after ager with suez - soviets funded the dam
Aswan High Dam
82
- The Egyptian-Czech arms deal was an agreement between the USSR and Egypt led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, announced in September 1955, to supply Egypt with more than $250 million worth of modern Soviet weaponry, through Czechoslovakia. - USSR traded for cotton from Egypt and in return Egypt gets money
Czech arms deal
83
- before 1956, UK owned the canal and after 1956 Egypt owns it - attack on Suez by israelis fueled Arab nationalism - Egypt nationalized Suez canal to use its revenues to fund development project (second dam across Nile at Aswan) - Nasser resists imperialism, promoting him a symbol of Pan-Arabism
Suez crisis (1956)
84
- union of syria and egypt into a single state - egypt become dominant - broke up in 1961
United Arab Republic
85
- grandson of abdullah - durable king, ruled until 1999
King Husayn (jordan)
86
Un proposes a partition between arabs and israelis
Two state solution
87
Socialist and Arab nationalist political party that rose to power in Syria and Iraq in the 1960s and 70s
Ba’th Party (Syria and Iraq)
88
- Israeli air force destroys Egyptian and Jordanian air forces • Jordan, Egypt, Syria are quickly defeated • Israe occupies the West Bank (including all of Jerusalem), Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights • Leads to another wave of refugees
Six Day War- June 1967
89
• 3 “Nos” • No peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with Israel • Lasted until 1978
Khartoum Resolution
90
• Rights of refugees to return to their homes • Conflict between Israelis and Palestinians
“Right of Return”
91
• Question of whether Israel should yield land in order to get peace • Yizthak Rabin said yes • Yigul Amir said no (and killed Rabin)
“Land for Peace”
92
• UN proposes a partition between Arabs and Israelis • Before War of 1948
2 State Solution
93
• Region was controlled by Britain until 1948 then Jordan until 1967 and is now controlled by Israel
The West Bank
94
• Region was controlled by Britain until 1948 then Egypt until 1967 then Israel (until Israel pulled out in 2005)
Gaza Strip
95
• Palestinian Liberation Organization • Fatah is leader of PLO • PA- Palestinian Authority • Wants to create a state with West Bank and Gaza • Controls West Bank
PLO/Fatah
96
- leader of the fatah
Yasser Araft
97
• Wants no Israel at all • Controls Gaza Strip
Hamas
98
• Conservative, religious Israelis
Likud
99
• Moderate Israelis
Labor
100
• Israeli prime minister • Believed Israel should yield land in order to achieve peace
Yitzhak Rabin
101
- complete opposite of free market - command economy - no private property
Communism
102
- complete free market - controlled by private ownership
Capitalism
103
- rights and freedoms for an individual
Liberalism
104
- burden of a more developed society, their "duty" - do you use your wealth to try and help other nations? - come to the aid of underdeveloped countries - at the risk of destroying indigenous cultures
"white mans burden"
105
- unification of people based on their nationalist, completely aside form their ethnicities or religions
civic nationalism
106
- responsible for the destabilization o power in western Europe - cause for ww1/ contributer
Kaiser Wilhelm 2
107
- peace treaty after ww1 - placed all blame on Germany - didn't resolve anything - ww2 broke out shortly after
Treat of Versailles
108
- "my struggle" - hitlers autobiography - anti-semitism
Mein Kampf
109
- 5-year plan - dictator - wanted to destroy all private farms --\> starved people - engineered famine
Stalinism
110
- 1st prophet - son in law is Ali --\> fourth caliph, first imam - Quran --\> direct word of God as received by Muhammad
Muhammad
111
- to interpret the text and create law
Ijtihad
112
- word of god - means of recitation
Quran
113
- Type of law - Moral code and religious law of muslims.
Shariah
114
The journey of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to avoid prosecution.
Hijrah
115
Something you must do in Islam.
Wajib
116
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Hajj
117
Islamic leadership position -- specific to Shia muslims! Not to be confused with Caliph, which refers to the Sunni leaders.
Imam
118
Conservative Islamist movement that arose in the 1800s in respose to the intrusion of industry and western culture.
Wahhabism
119
How do existing endogenous dynamics in post-colonial and post-mandate states interact or combine with exogenous forces in the Cold war era? How are exogenous influences stabilizing? Destabilizing?
Since they used to be a mandate, they are less stable and more reliant on outside countries
Lack sufficient leadership → vulnerable to fall into Cold War conflict
Post-mandate, it wasn’t clear who was to receive the land from the mandate from Britain → conflict between Arabs and Jews
Maintain relationship with exogenous influences
Once independent, susceptible to falling into other spheres of influence (ie US or USSR)
120
Khartoum Resolution
- 3 "nos"
- no peace, recofnition, or negotiations with israel --\> palestinians
