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CyberSecurity > Final test part 1 > Flashcards

Final test part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

An administrator needs to protect user passwords and has been advised to hash the passwords. Which of the following BEST describes what the administrator is being advised to do?
A. Perform a mathematical operation on the passwords that will convert them into unique strings.
B. Add extra data to the passwords so their length is increased, making them harder to brute force.
C. Store all passwords in the system in a rainbow table that has a centralized location.
D. Enforce the use of one-time passwords that are changed for every login session.

A

A. Perform a mathematical operation on the passwords that will convert them into unique strings.

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2
Q

Which of the following is a reason to publish files’ hashes?
A. To validate the integrity of the files
B. To verify if the software was digitally signed
C. To use the hash as a software activation key
D. To use the hash as a decryption passphrase

A

A. To validate the integrity of the files.

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3
Q

A security manager has tasked the security operations center with locating all web servers that respond to an unsecure protocol. Which of the following commands could an analyst run to find the requested servers?
A. nslookup 10.10.10.0
B. nmap -p 80 10.10.10.0/24
C. pathping 10.10.10.0 -p 80
D. ne -l -p 80

A

B. nmap -p 80 10.10.10.0/24

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4
Q

Which of the following describes the exploitation of an interactive process to gain access to restricted areas?
A. Persistence
B. Buffer overflow
C. Privilege escalation
D. Pharming

A

C. Privilege escalation

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5
Q

An organization is planning to open other data centers to sustain operations in the event of a natural disaster. Which of the following considerations would BEST support the organization’s resiliency?
A. Geographic dispersal
B. Generator power
C. Fire suppression
D. Facility automation

A

A. Geographic dispersal

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6
Q

Question #26Topic 1
A security engineer is deploying a new wireless network for a company. The company shares office space with multiple tenants. Which of the following should the engineer configure on the wireless network to ensure that confidential data is not exposed to unauthorized users?
A. EAP
B. TLS
C. HTTPS
D. AES

A

A. EAP

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7
Q

An engineer recently deployed a group of 100 web servers in a cloud environment. Per the security policy, all web-server ports except 443 should be disabled.
Which of the following can be used to accomplish this task?
A. Application allow list
B. SWG
C. Host-based firewall
D. VPN

A

C. Host-based firewall

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8
Q

A technician was dispatched to complete repairs on a server in a data center. While locating the server, the technician entered a restricted area without authorization. Which of the following security controls would BEST prevent this in the future?
A. Use appropriate signage to mark all areas.
B. Utilize cameras monitored by guards.
C. Implement access control vestibules.
D. Enforce escorts to monitor all visitors.

A

C. Implement access control vestibules.

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9
Q

Which of the following would detect intrusions at the perimeter of an airport?
A. Signage
B. Fencing
C. Motion sensors
D. Lighting
E. Bollards

A

C. Motion sensors

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10
Q

A security analyst is concerned about critical vulnerabilities that have been detected on some applications running inside containers. Which of the following is the BEST remediation strategy?

A. Update the base container Image and redeploy the environment.
B. Include the containers in the regular patching schedule for servers.
C. Patch each running container individually and test the application.
D. Update the host in which the containers are running.

A

A. Update the base container Image and redeploy the environment.

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11
Q

An organization has decided to purchase an insurance policy because a risk assessment determined that the cost to remediate the risk is greater than the five- year cost of the insurance policy. The organization is enabling risk:
A. avoidance.
B. acceptance.
C. mitigation.
D. transference.

A

D. transference.

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12
Q

A security analyst wants to reference a standard to develop a risk management program. Which of the following is the BEST source for the analyst to use?
A. SSAE SOC 2
B. ISO 31000
C. NIST CSF
D. GDPR

A

B. ISO 31000

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13
Q

A company is providing security awareness training regarding the importance of not forwarding social media messages from unverified sources. Which of the following risks would this training help to prevent?
A. Hoaxes
B. SPIMs
C. Identity fraud
D. Credential harvesting

A

A. Hoaxes

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14
Q

A security analyst is receiving numerous alerts reporting that the response time of an internet-facing application has been degraded. However, the internal network performance was not degraded. Which of the following MOST likely explains this behavior?
A. DNS poisoning
B. MAC flooding
C. DDoS attack
D. ARP poisoning

A

C. DDoS attack

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15
Q

Which of the following will increase cryptographic security?
A. High data entropy
B. Algorithms that require less computing power
C. Longer key longevity
D. Hashing

A

A. High data entropy

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16
Q

A company wants to restrict emailing of PHI documents. The company is implementing a DLP solution. In order to restrict PHI documents, which of the following should be performed FIRST?
A. Retention
B. Governance
C. Classification
D. Change management

A

C. Classification

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17
Q

Which of the following describes the continuous delivery software development methodology?
A. Waterfall
B. Spiral
C. V-shaped
D. Agile

A

D. Agile

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18
Q

Which of the following is the BEST example of a cost-effective physical control to enforce a USB removable media restriction policy?
A. Putting security/antitamper tape over USB ports, logging the port numbers, and regularly inspecting the ports
B. Implementing a GPO that will restrict access to authorized USB removable media and regularly verifying that it is enforced
C. Placing systems into locked, key-controlled containers with no access to the USB ports
D. Installing an endpoint agent to detect connectivity of USB and removable media

A

A. Putting security/antitamper tape over USB ports, logging the port numbers, and regularly inspecting the ports

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19
Q

An organization wants to participate in threat intelligence information sharing with peer groups. Which of the following would MOST likely meet the organization’s requirement?
A. Perform OSINT investigations.
B. Subscribe to threat intelligence feeds.
C. Submit RFCs.
D. Implement a TAXII server.

A

D. Implement a TAXII server.

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20
Q

Which of the following is the MOST effective control against zero-day vulnerabilities?
A. Network segmentation
B. Patch management
C. Intrusion prevention system
D. Multiple vulnerability scanners

A

A. Network segmentation

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21
Q

Which of the following is the GREATEST security concern when outsourcing code development to third-party contractors for an internet-facing application?
A. Intellectual property theft
B. Elevated privileges
C. Unknown backdoor
D. Quality assurance

A

C. Unknown backdoor

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22
Q

An organization has hired a red team to simulate attacks on its security posture. Which of the following will the blue team do after detecting an IoC?
A. Reimage the impacted workstations.
B. Activate runbooks for incident response.
C. Conduct forensics on the compromised system.
D. Conduct passive reconnaissance to gather information.

A

B. Activate runbooks for incident response.

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23
Q

Which of the following organizations sets frameworks and controls for optimal security configuration on systems?
A. ISO
B. GDPR
C. PCI DSS
D. NIST

A

D. NIST

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24
Q

A recent security breach exploited software vulnerabilities in the firewall and within the network management solution. Which of the following will MOST likely be used to identify when the breach occurred through each device?
A. SIEM correlation dashboards
B. Firewall syslog event logs
C. Network management solution login audit logs
D. Bandwidth monitors and interface sensors

A

A. SIEM correlation dashboards

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25
Q

A cloud service provider has created an environment where customers can connect existing local networks to the cloud for additional computing resources and block internal HR applications from reaching the cloud. Which of the following cloud models is being used?
A. Public
B. Community
C. Hybrid
D. Private

A

C. Hybrid

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26
Q

An organization has developed an application that needs a patch to fix a critical vulnerability. In which of the following environments should the patch be deployed
LAST?
A. Test
B. Staging
C. Development
D. Production

A

D. Production

27
Q

An organization is building backup server rooms in geographically diverse locations. The Chief Information Security Officer implemented a requirement on the project that states the new hardware cannot be susceptible to the same vulnerabilities in the existing server room. Which of the following should the systems engineer consider?
A. Purchasing hardware from different vendors
B. Migrating workloads to public cloud infrastructure
C. Implementing a robust patch management solution
D. Designing new detective security controls

A

A. Purchasing hardware from different vendors

28
Q

A security analyst is working on a project to implement a solution that monitors network communications and provides alerts when abnormal behavior is detected.
Which of the following is the security analyst MOST likely implementing?
A. Vulnerability scans
B. User behavior analysis
C. Security orchestration, automation, and response
D. Threat hunting

A

B. User behavior analysis

29
Q

A cybersecurity administrator needs to implement a Layer 7 security control on a network and block potential attacks. Which of the following can block an attack at
Layer 7? (Choose two.)
A. HIDS
B. NIPS
C. HSM
D. WAF
E. NAC
F. NIDS

A

B. NIPS
D. WAF

30
Q

An organization has activated an incident response plan due to a malware outbreak on its network. The organization has brought in a forensics team that has identified an internet-facing Windows server as the likely point of initial compromise. The malware family that was detected is known to be distributed by manually logging on to servers and running the malicious code. Which of the following actions would be BEST to prevent reinfection from the infection vector?
A. Prevent connections over TFTP from the internal network.
B. Create a firewall rule that blocks a 22 from the internet to the server.
C. Disable file sharing over port 445 to the server.
D. Block port 3389 inbound from untrusted networks.

A

D. Block port 3389 inbound from untrusted networks.

31
Q

Which of the following uses SAML for authentication?
A. TOTP
B. Federation
C. Kerberos
D. HOTP

A

B. Federation

32
Q

The SOC for a large MSSP is meeting to discuss the lessons learned from a recent incident that took much too long to resolve. This type of incident has become more common in recent weeks and is consuming large amounts of the analysts’ time due to manual tasks being performed. Which of the following solutions should the SOC consider to BEST improve its response time?
A. Configure a NIDS appliance using a Switched Port Analyzer.
B. Collect OSINT and catalog the artifacts in a central repository.
C. Implement a SOAR with customizable playbooks.
D. Install a SIEM with community-driven threat intelligence.

A

C. Implement a SOAR with customizable playbooks.

33
Q

A security analyst has been asked by the Chief Information Security Officer to:
✑ develop a secure method of providing centralized management of infrastructure
✑ reduce the need to constantly replace aging end user machines
✑ provide a consistent user desktop experience
Which of the following BEST meets these requirements?
A. BYOD
B. Mobile device management
C. VDI
D. Containerization

A

C. VDI

34
Q

A Chief Security Officer (CSO) is concerned that cloud-based services are not adequately protected from advanced threats and malware. The CSO believes there is a high risk that a data breach could occur in the near future due to the lack of detective and preventive controls. Which of the following should be implemented to BEST address the CSO’s concerns? (Choose two.)
A. A WAF
B. A CASB
C. An NG-SWG
D. Segmentation
E. Encryption
F. Containerization

A

B. A CASB
C. An NG-SWG

35
Q

After returning from a conference, a user’s laptop has been operating slower than normal and overheating, and the fans have been running constantly. During the diagnosis process, an unknown piece of hardware is found connected to the laptop’s motherboard. Which of the following attack vectors was exploited to install the hardware?
A. Removable media
B. Spear phishing
C. Supply chain
D. Direct access

A

D. Direct access

36
Q

After a recent security breach, a security analyst reports that several administrative usernames and passwords are being sent via cleartext across the network to access network devices over port 23. Which of the following should be implemented so all credentials sent over the network are encrypted when remotely accessing and configuring network devices?
A. SSH
B. SNMPv3
C. SFTP
D. Telnet
E. FTP

A

A. SSH

37
Q

Several universities are participating in a collaborative research project and need to share compute and storage resources. Which of the following cloud deployment strategies would BEST meet this need?
A. Community
B. Private
C. Public
D. Hybrid

A

A. Community

38
Q

A forensic analyst needs to prove that data has not been tampered with since it was collected. Which of the following methods will the analyst MOST likely use?
A. Look for tampering on the evidence collection bag.
B. Encrypt the collected data using asymmetric encryption.
C. Ensure proper procedures for chain of custody are being followed.
D. Calculate the checksum using a hashing algorithm.

A

D. Calculate the checksum using a hashing algorithm.

39
Q

Multiple business accounts were compromised a few days after a public website had its credentials database leaked on the Internet. No business emails were identified in the breach, but the security team thinks that the list of passwords exposed was later used to compromise business accounts. Which of the following would mitigate the issue?
A. Complexity requirements
B. Password history
C. Acceptable use policy
D. Shared accounts

A

B. Password history

40
Q

A security analyst wants to fingerprint a web server. Which of the following tools will the security analyst MOST likely use to accomplish this task?
A. nmap -pl-65535 192.168.0.10
B. dig 192.168.0.10
C. curl –head http://192.168.0.10
D. ping 192.168.0.10

A

C. curl –head http://192.168.0.10

41
Q

A penetration tester was able to compromise an internal server and is now trying to pivot the current session in a network lateral movement. Which of the following tools, if available on the server, will provide the MOST useful information for the next assessment step?
A. Autopsy
B. Cuckoo
C. Memdump
D. Nmap

A

D. Nmap

42
Q

An administrator is experiencing issues when trying to upload a support file to a vendor. A pop-up message reveals that a payment card number was found in the file, and the file upload was blocked. Which of the following controls is most likely causing this issue and should be checked FIRST?
A. DLP
B. Firewall rule
C. Content filter
D. MDM
E. Application allow list

A

A. DLP

43
Q

Which of the following risk management strategies would an organization use to maintain a legacy system with known risks for operational purposes?
A. Acceptance
B. Transference
C. Avoidance
D. Mitigation

A

A. Acceptance

44
Q

Which of the following is the BEST action to foster a consistent and auditable incident response process?
A. Incent new hires to constantly update the document with external knowledge.
B. Publish the document in a central repository that is easily accessible to the organization.
C. Restrict eligibility to comment on the process to subject matter experts of each IT silo.
D. Rotate CIRT members to foster a shared responsibility model in the organization.

A

B. Publish the document in a central repository that is easily accessible to the organization.

45
Q

During a recent penetration test, the tester discovers large amounts of data were exfiltrated over the course of 12 months via the internet. The penetration tester stops the test to inform the client of the findings. Which of the following should be the client’s NEXT step to mitigate the issue?
A. Conduct a full vulnerability scan to identify possible vulnerabilities.
B. Perform containment on the critical servers and resources.
C. Review the firewall and identify the source of the active connection.
D. Disconnect the entire infrastructure from the internet.

A

B. Perform containment on the critical servers and resources.

46
Q

A security analyst is designing the appropriate controls to limit unauthorized access to a physical site. The analyst has a directive to utilize the lowest possible budget. Which of the following would BEST meet the requirements?
A. Preventive controls
B. Compensating controls
C. Deterrent controls
D. Detective controls

A

C. Deterrent controls

47
Q

A company is looking to migrate some servers to the cloud to minimize its technology footprint. The company has 100 databases that are on premises. Which of the following solutions will require the LEAST management and support from the company?
A. SaaS
B. IaaS
C. PaaS
D. SDN

A

A. SaaS

48
Q

Against the recommendation of the IT security analyst, a company set all user passwords on a server as P@55w0rD. Upon review of the /etc/passwd file, an attacker found the following: alice:a8df3b6c4fd75f0617431fd248f35191df8d237f bob:2d250c5b2976b03d757f324ebd59340df96aa05e chris:ea981ec3285421d014108089f3f3f997ce0f4150
Which of the following BEST explains why the encrypted passwords do not match?
A. Perfect forward secrecy
B. Key stretching
C. Salting
D. Hashing

A

C. Salting

49
Q

After gaining access to a dual-homed (i.e., wired and wireless) multifunction device by exploiting a vulnerability in the device’s firmware, a penetration tester then gains shell access on another networked asset. This technique is an example of:
A. privilege escalation.
B. footprinting.
C. persistence.
D. pivoting.

A

D. pivoting.

50
Q

Which of the following should be monitored by threat intelligence researchers who search for leaked credentials?
A. Common Weakness Enumeration
B. OSINT
C. Dark web
D. Vulnerability databases

A

C. Dark web

51
Q

A security analyst needs to be able to search and correlate logs from multiple sources in a single tool. Which of the following would BEST allow a security analyst to have this ability?
A. SOAR
B. SIEM
C. Log collectors
D. Network-attached storage

A

B. SIEM

52
Q

Digital signatures use asymmetric encryption. This means the message is encrypted with:
A. the sender’s private key and decrypted with the sender’s public key.
B. the sender’s public key and decrypted with the sender’s private key.
C. the sender’s private key and decrypted with the recipient’s public key.
D. the sender’s public key and decrypted with the recipient’s private key.

A

A. the sender’s private key and decrypted with the sender’s public key.

53
Q

A security engineer was assigned to implement a solution to prevent attackers from gaining access by pretending to be authorized users. Which of the following technologies meets the requirement?
A. SSO
B. IDS
C. MFA
D. TPM

A

C. MFA

54
Q

The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has requested that a third-party vendor provide supporting documents that show proper controls are in place to protect customer data. Which of the following would be BEST for the third-party vendor to provide to the CISO?
A. GDPR compliance attestation
B. Cloud Security Alliance materials
C. SOC 2 Type 2 report
D. NIST RMF workbooks

A

C. SOC 2 Type 2 report

55
Q

Which of the following is assured when a user signs an email using a private key?
A. Non-repudiation
B. Confidentiality
C. Availability
D. Authentication

A

A. Non-repudiation

56
Q

A systems administrator is troubleshooting a server’s connection to an internal web server. The administrator needs to determine the correct ports to use. Which of the following tools BEST shows which ports on the web server are in a listening state?
A. ipconfig
B. ssh
C. ping
D. netstat

A

D. netstat

57
Q

Two organizations plan to collaborate on the evaluation of new SIEM solutions for their respective companies. A combined effort from both organizations’ SOC teams would speed up the effort. Which of the following can be written to document this agreement?
A. MOU
B. ISA
C. SLA
D. NDA

A

A. MOU

58
Q

The board of directors at a company contracted with an insurance firm to limit the organization’s liability. Which of the following risk management practices does this BEST describe?
A. Transference
B. Avoidance
C. Mitigation
D. Acknowledgement

A

A. Transference

59
Q

Which of the following is a risk that is specifically associated with hosting applications in the public cloud?
A. Unsecured root accounts
B. Zero-day
C. Shared tenancy
D. Insider threat

A

C. Shared tenancy

60
Q

A security proposal was set up to track requests for remote access by creating a baseline of the users’ common sign-in properties. When a baseline deviation is detected, an MFA challenge will be triggered. Which of the following should be configured in order to deploy the proposal?
A. Context-aware authentication
B. Simultaneous authentication of equals
C. Extensive authentication protocol
D. Agentless network access control

A

A. Context-aware authentication

61
Q

As part of a security compliance assessment, an auditor performs automated vulnerability scans. In addition, which of the following should the auditor do to complete the assessment?
A. User behavior analysis
B. Packet captures
C. Configuration reviews
D. Log analysis

A

C. Configuration reviews

62
Q

A database administrator wants to grant access to an application that will be reading and writing data to a database. The database is shared by other applications also used by the finance department. Which of the following account types is MOST appropriate for this purpose?
A. Service
B. Shared
C. Generic
D. Admin

A

A. Service

63
Q

A security analyst generated a file named host1.pcap and shared it with a team member who is going to use it for further incident analysis. Which of the following tools will the other team member MOST likely use to open this file?
A. Autopsy
B. Memdump
C. FTK imager
D. Wireshark

A

D. Wireshark

64
Q

An application developer accidentally uploaded a company’s code-signing certificate private key to a public web server. The company is concerned about malicious use of its certificate. Which of the following should the company do FIRST?
A. Delete the private key from the repository.
B. Verify the public key is not exposed as well.
C. Update the DLP solution to check for private keys.
D. Revoke the code-signing certificate.

A

D. Revoke the code-signing certificate.

CyberSecurity (17 decks)

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