Final Test Flashcards

1
Q

how much Textiles is used in clothing

A

35%

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2
Q

International Trade

A

China, Middle East, Italy , Americas – cotton trade

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3
Q

Apparel

A

35% of the market

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4
Q

Textiles for Interiors

A

30%

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5
Q

The Major Textile Production Segments are

A

Fiber, Yarns, Fabrics, Dyeing, Printing, Finishing

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6
Q

what is a Fibers

A

Small, hairlike part of the fabric

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7
Q

natural fibers are

A

Natural – cotton and wool

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8
Q

Manufactured fibers are

A

acrylic, nylon, and polyester

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9
Q

Yarns

A
  • Most textiles contain yarns
  • Threadlike strands of fibers twisted together
  • Various types of yarn
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10
Q

Fabrics

A
  • Made from woven or knitted yarns

* Mills are companies that make fabric

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11
Q

Dyeing and Printing

A
  • Imparting solid color to textiles
  • Imparting designs to textiles
  • Dots, florals, stripes
  • Operations performed in dye plants
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12
Q

Finishes

A
  • Additional treatments
  • Examples: water-repellant or flannel surface
  • Makes items like blouses, backpacks, comforters
  • Finishing plants often part of dye plants or print plants
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13
Q

what does the term Put-up mean

A

indicates fabric packaging

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14
Q

what does the term Shorts

A

fabric shorter than 40 yards

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15
Q

what does the term Remnants

A

1 to 10-yard pieces

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16
Q

what does the term Pound goods

A

pieces less than one yard

• Sold by the pound

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17
Q

Primary Sources of Fabrics

A

Mills, Converters, Importers

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18
Q

what is a Mill

A
  • Company that owns textile machinery and makes fabric
  • Large textile mills are vertically integrated
  • Mills sell finished fabrics to various customers
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19
Q

what is a Converters

A
  • Buys greige (unfinished) goods to have dyed or finished
  • Smaller than mills
  • Sell finished fabric to the same customers as mills
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20
Q

what are a importers

A
  • Direct – buys foreign fabric or manufactured textile products
  • Import mill – a foreign company that makes fabric (or yarn) to export
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21
Q

what are Secondary Sources of Fabrics

A

Jobbers
• Retail Stores
• Overseas Agents

22
Q

Retail Stores

A
  • Sell to home sewers

* Large variety of fabrics with small inventory of each

23
Q

Overseas Agents

A
  • Sell to home sewers

* Large variety of fabrics with small inventory of each

24
Q

what are Private Label

A

specifically manufactured goods to be and sold exclusively by retailer

25
what are Exclusive Brands
national brand distributed by one retailer
26
what are Spun yarns
– short lengths of fiber twisted together so that they hold together
27
what are filament yarns
– continuous strands of fiber
28
how to Identifying Spun and Filament Yarns
Yarns can be identified by un twisting
29
Identifying Spun
Spun yarns are identified by untwisting the yarn | • Spun yarns with longer fibers are stronger and more uniform
30
Identifying filament yarn
Filament yarns are made of fibers or silk | • Manufactured yarns are made and marketed by chemical fiber producers
31
Yarn smoothness and luster
Filaments yarns more smoother and lustrous than spun yarns
32
Yarn uniformity
Filaments yarns are more uniform
33
Yarn strength
Filament yarns are stronger than spun yarns.
34
what do Monofilaments mean
one single filament
35
what does Multifilaments mean
many filaments
36
Spun yarns fabrics offers
warmth, softness, lightweight Ideal for T-shirts, sweaters, and blankets.
37
Filament yarns fabrics offers
smooth, finer yarns, lustrous used in linings, dresses, outer shells
38
what does TPI mean
(TPI) Turns-per-inch, the amount of twist in a yarn
39
what is a soft twist
yarns with a relatively low twist, 2 to 12 TPI
40
what is a hard twist
yarns with relatively high TPI | • 20 to 30 TPI
41
what is S-twist yarn
spirals run upward to the left | • Direction of diagonal in “S”
42
what is Z-twist yarn
spirals run upward to the right | • Direction of diagonal of letter “Z”
43
Two types of wool or wool-blended fabrics
Woolens- carded yarns, fuzzier, uneven | • Worsteds- smooth, little fuzz, even
44
what. is Single yarn
single if untwisted will come apart
45
what is ply
two or more single yarns twisted together
46
what is Yarn Pilling
Pilling is something that happens to any item made with yarn (especially wool yarns) whether knitted or crocheted. Over time and with frequent use, the fibers on the outermost surfaces of your yarn will start to lose their bind to each other.
47
Factors in pilling
Yarn construction Type of fiber Spun yarns pills readily Filament yarns pills only when filaments breaks. Soft twist yarn pills more than hard twist yarns
48
what is a blended yarn
made of two or more fiber types Usually done to combine the desirable properties of different fibers. • Eg cotton polyester blend • When blending occurs in uniform manner, it is referred as intimate blend
49
what are Mixture
fabric composed of two or more different types of yarn
50
Yarn Spinning
Staple fibers are spun through many methods • Most common method is ring spinning • Ring spinning can make uniform yarns to novelty yarns • Open-end spinning, a method of producing spun yarns • OE spun yarns have more uniformity • OE spun yarns are cheaper and weaker than ring spun yarns
51
what is high and low cotton count
Higher the Cotton count , finer the yarn Lower the Cotton count , Coarser the yarn • 72 c.c –fine yarns • 3.5 c.c – Coarse yarns