Final Test Flashcards
What are the three different processes of growth?
Hyperplasia, endotrophy, and accumulation
Digestive systems of animals
Chicken- reverse order
Pigs- mono gastric, most similar to humans
Cattle and sheep- poly gastric, rumen, can digest cellulose, large duodenum
Horses- big colon for absorption of complex molecules
Roughages
More carbs & fat than protein
Source of bulk and fiber
Concentrates
Concentrated sources of protein, fat and carbs
Increases nutrient density in diet
Transgenic
Artificially introduce DNA from a different organism
Uconn has made transgenic pigs
gestation periods
Swine- 3 months 3 weeks 3 days Cattle- 283 Horse- 345 Sheep- 138 Goat-150 Dogs & cats- 63
Beef cattle, sheep, goats and other ruminants can be raised for food in just about any region bc…
They utilize poorer quality feeds and convert them into food and fiber for humans
Signs of good health
Contentment Alertness Sleek coat and pliable skin Eating with relish and cudding by ruminants Bright eyes and pink eye membranes
Good cow is given BST…
More milk with more feed but more efficient
BHA/BHT or vitamin E/C
Antioxidants to help delay the development of off flavors
Pros of food science majors…
People are always going to eat especially meat, milk and eggs
Starting salaries are among the highest for college of Ag. Graduates
An issue that might compromise animal agriculture
Proper manure management and processing and it’s affect on water quality
Intoxication
Toxin left behind by a toxigenic pathogen, like clostridium botulinum
Meat supplies…
Minerals and vitamins
Essential amino acids
Essential fatty acids
USDA
For inspection purposes
Bile
Emulsifies fats in small intestine
Quality
Sum of characteristics of the given food item which influences the acceptability of preference for that food by the consumer
Corn gluten meal
Highest level of protein
Hypertrophy
Increase of cell size
Hyperplasia
Increase in cell number
Artificial insemination
More rapid genetic improvement
Reduce cost and risk of having a bull
Reduce risk of spreading disease
Estrous v estrus
Estrous- cycle
Estrus- receptive period
Zoo animal restraint
Blowgun and dart
Rules of restraint
Is it safe for humans?
Is it safe for animals?
Is it an effective method of restraint?
Can constant observation be given to the animal?
Trends
Consumption is up for cheese and yogurt and some frozen products but down for liquid milk
MMA
Major health concern following parturition in dairy cattle
Estrous cycles
Sheep- 17 days Goat- 21 days Sow- 19-21 days Cow- 21 days Mare- 19-25 days Pigs- 21 days Chickens- n/a
Pleura guard
Protects against respiratory disease
Grading egg factors
Weight Color Size Shell Air cell size Albumen size Yolk color Blood or meat spots
Symptoms of lambing paralysis
Loss of appetite
Staggering and impaired vision sweet smelling urine and labored breathing
Wool quality
Fineness and color
Crimp and length
Strength and uniformity
Three major aspects in food products
Quality, safety and nutritional value
Major sensory aspects of animal foods
Flavor
Texture
Appearance
Color
Factors that influence purchase of food
Convenience
Low cost
Fits lifestyle
Good quality
Listeria monocytogenes
Found in raw milk, food processing areas and floor drains
Environmental factors that animals are in harmonious balance with…
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Animal distress factors
Light and noise
Temperature and air quality
Pressure and humidity
What drives animal behavior?
Needs
Homeostasis
Environment
Allelomimetic
Mimicking behavior
Egg quality (AA,A,B)
Condition and height of albumen
Condition of yolk- blood spots, off color
Size of air cell
Chicken bacteria
Salmonella enteritidis
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Put in yogurt to make it an active culture
Methods of tenderizing tough products
Allow beef products to age before consuming
Tenderizing mallet
Moist cooking methods
Aseptic processing and packaging
UHT milk
Pig and Pekinese potential problems
Eye problems and nasal problems
Cats
Less resistant to disease
More attached to home
Better healing power
Susceptible to phenol
Dogs
More resistant to disease
More attached to humans
Rodent use as lab animals
90% Cost Biological knowledge Many strains Uniformity Highly reproductive Generally healthy
Lab animals
Tested by IACUC 20,000 Reduce- amount of animals used Refine- techniques used Replace- different mode of testing Drugs must be tested for safety and efficacy on animals before humans
Acclimation
Animal reactions over several days or weeks due to a single environmental factor
Freeze drying
Instant coffee
Military meals
Backpacking meals
Extrusion
Pasta figures
Pet food
Potential sources of contamination
Environment
Animals
Water
Humans
Foods of greatest concern
Beef- e coli Raw milk- lasto mono Apple juice- E. coli Fresh produce Water
Commercial layer chickens vaccinated against…
Mareks disease Newcastle infectious bronchitis Infectious bursal disease Avian rhniotracheitis Fowlpox Mycoplasma gallisepticum Salmonella
Restraint
Physiological- tranquil voice
Psychological- pig snout, diminishing sense of perception
Chemical- anesthetics, tranquilizers
Physical- whip, confinement
Mature horse manure
40-50lbs a day
Habituation
Sensations and effects responses associated with particular environment stimuli tend to diminish when these stimuli occur repeatedly
Lipids
Most energy per unit mass
Dressing
Cattle-60
Pig-70
General horse health care
Daily general visual inspection
Dear on every 6 months & not last 2 months of pregnancy
In the spring, give 5-in-1 shot
Check teeth for older horses
Four components of animal behavior
Causation
Development
Evolution
Function
Adaptation
Alteration in the structure or function of organisms which fits them to survive and multiply in a changed environment
