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Animal Science > Final Test > Flashcards

Final Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three different processes of growth?

A

Hyperplasia, endotrophy, and accumulation

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2
Q

Digestive systems of animals

A

Chicken- reverse order
Pigs- mono gastric, most similar to humans
Cattle and sheep- poly gastric, rumen, can digest cellulose, large duodenum
Horses- big colon for absorption of complex molecules

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3
Q

Roughages

A

More carbs & fat than protein

Source of bulk and fiber

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4
Q

Concentrates

A

Concentrated sources of protein, fat and carbs

Increases nutrient density in diet

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5
Q

Transgenic

A

Artificially introduce DNA from a different organism

Uconn has made transgenic pigs

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6
Q

gestation periods

A 
Swine- 3 months 3 weeks 3 days
Cattle- 283
Horse- 345
Sheep- 138
Goat-150
Dogs & cats- 63
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7
Q

Beef cattle, sheep, goats and other ruminants can be raised for food in just about any region bc…

A

They utilize poorer quality feeds and convert them into food and fiber for humans

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8
Q

Signs of good health

A 
Contentment
Alertness
Sleek coat and pliable skin
Eating with relish and cudding by ruminants 
Bright eyes and pink eye membranes
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9
Q

Good cow is given BST…

A

More milk with more feed but more efficient

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10
Q

BHA/BHT or vitamin E/C

A

Antioxidants to help delay the development of off flavors

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11
Q

Pros of food science majors…

A

People are always going to eat especially meat, milk and eggs
Starting salaries are among the highest for college of Ag. Graduates

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12
Q

An issue that might compromise animal agriculture

A

Proper manure management and processing and it’s affect on water quality

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13
Q

Intoxication

A

Toxin left behind by a toxigenic pathogen, like clostridium botulinum

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14
Q

Meat supplies…

A

Minerals and vitamins
Essential amino acids
Essential fatty acids

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15
Q

USDA

A

For inspection purposes

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16
Q

Bile

A

Emulsifies fats in small intestine

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17
Q

Quality

A

Sum of characteristics of the given food item which influences the acceptability of preference for that food by the consumer

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18
Q

Corn gluten meal

A

Highest level of protein

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19
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase of cell size

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20
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in cell number

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21
Q

Artificial insemination

A

More rapid genetic improvement
Reduce cost and risk of having a bull
Reduce risk of spreading disease

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22
Q

Estrous v estrus

A

Estrous- cycle

Estrus- receptive period

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23
Q

Zoo animal restraint

A

Blowgun and dart

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24
Q

Rules of restraint

A

Is it safe for humans?
Is it safe for animals?
Is it an effective method of restraint?
Can constant observation be given to the animal?

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25
Q

Trends

A

Consumption is up for cheese and yogurt and some frozen products but down for liquid milk

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26
Q

MMA

A

Major health concern following parturition in dairy cattle

27
Q

Estrous cycles

A 
Sheep- 17 days 
Goat- 21 days 
Sow- 19-21 days 
Cow- 21 days
Mare- 19-25 days 
Pigs- 21 days
Chickens- n/a
28
Q

Pleura guard

A

Protects against respiratory disease

29
Q

Grading egg factors

A 
Weight 
Color 
Size 
Shell
Air cell size
Albumen size
Yolk color
Blood or meat spots
30
Q

Symptoms of lambing paralysis

A

Loss of appetite

Staggering and impaired vision sweet smelling urine and labored breathing

30
Q

Wool quality

A

Fineness and color
Crimp and length
Strength and uniformity

31
Q

Three major aspects in food products

A

Quality, safety and nutritional value

32
Q

Major sensory aspects of animal foods

A

Flavor
Texture
Appearance
Color

33
Q

Factors that influence purchase of food

A

Convenience
Low cost
Fits lifestyle
Good quality

34
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Found in raw milk, food processing areas and floor drains

35
Q

Environmental factors that animals are in harmonious balance with…

A

Physical
Chemical
Biological

36
Q

Animal distress factors

A

Light and noise
Temperature and air quality
Pressure and humidity

37
Q

What drives animal behavior?

A

Needs
Homeostasis
Environment

38
Q

Allelomimetic

A

Mimicking behavior

39
Q

Egg quality (AA,A,B)

A

Condition and height of albumen
Condition of yolk- blood spots, off color
Size of air cell

40
Q

Chicken bacteria

A

Salmonella enteritidis

41
Q

Lactobacillus acidophilus

A

Put in yogurt to make it an active culture

42
Q

Methods of tenderizing tough products

A

Allow beef products to age before consuming
Tenderizing mallet
Moist cooking methods

43
Q

Aseptic processing and packaging

A

UHT milk

44
Q

Pig and Pekinese potential problems

A

Eye problems and nasal problems

45
Q

Cats

A

Less resistant to disease
More attached to home
Better healing power
Susceptible to phenol

46
Q

Dogs

A

More resistant to disease

More attached to humans

47
Q

Rodent use as lab animals

A 
90%
Cost 
Biological knowledge
Many strains 
Uniformity 
Highly reproductive 
Generally healthy
48
Q

Lab animals

A 
Tested by IACUC
20,000
Reduce- amount of animals used 
Refine- techniques used 
Replace- different mode of testing 
Drugs must be tested for safety and efficacy on animals before humans
49
Q

Acclimation

A

Animal reactions over several days or weeks due to a single environmental factor

50
Q

Freeze drying

A

Instant coffee
Military meals
Backpacking meals

51
Q

Extrusion

A

Pasta figures

Pet food

52
Q

Potential sources of contamination

A

Environment
Animals
Water
Humans

53
Q

Foods of greatest concern

A 
Beef- e coli 
Raw milk- lasto mono 
Apple juice- E. coli 
Fresh produce
Water
54
Q

Commercial layer chickens vaccinated against…

A 
Mareks disease 
Newcastle infectious bronchitis 
Infectious bursal disease
Avian rhniotracheitis
Fowlpox 
Mycoplasma gallisepticum 
Salmonella
55
Q

Restraint

A

Physiological- tranquil voice
Psychological- pig snout, diminishing sense of perception
Chemical- anesthetics, tranquilizers
Physical- whip, confinement

56
Q

Mature horse manure

A

40-50lbs a day

57
Q

Habituation

A

Sensations and effects responses associated with particular environment stimuli tend to diminish when these stimuli occur repeatedly

58
Q

Lipids

A

Most energy per unit mass

59
Q

Dressing

A

Cattle-60

Pig-70

60
Q

General horse health care

A

Daily general visual inspection
Dear on every 6 months & not last 2 months of pregnancy
In the spring, give 5-in-1 shot
Check teeth for older horses

61
Q

Four components of animal behavior

A

Causation
Development
Evolution
Function

62
Q

Adaptation

A

Alteration in the structure or function of organisms which fits them to survive and multiply in a changed environment

Animal Science (1 decks)

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