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restoration > final test > Flashcards

final test Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of ecological restoration?

A

The act of restoring land to a former state

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2
Q

how old is the field of ecological restoration?

A

more than 100 years

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3
Q

what are things needs to be included in planning a restoration project?

A
  1. Ecological restoration goal(s). 2) The restoration potential of a site. 3) How to conduct the restoration. 4) A spatial and temporal context for restoration. 5) How to evaluate the success of restoration
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4
Q

Rehabilitation

A

improve the site from a degraded condition

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5
Q

enhancment

A

improve a few ecosystem functions

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6
Q

reclamation

A

associated with mines and waste dumps

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7
Q

replacement

A

specifics a novel community type for the site to achieve particular conservation goals

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8
Q

remediation

A

removes chemical contaminants from polluted areas

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9
Q

re-creation

A

similar to replacement in constructing a biological community in an attempt to match a historical condition

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10
Q

what are the 4 components of ecological restoration

A

ecological
social
economical
cultural

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11
Q

what is an example abiotic and biotic aspects

A

abiotic- climate, soil

biotic- wildlife, plants

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12
Q

3 main restoration techniques

A

biological
chemical
physical

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13
Q

FLAT stands for

A

Forest Landscape Assement Tool

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14
Q

what region is the flat tool made for?

A

the puget sound region

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15
Q

using the flat tool involves three phases, what are they

A

field assessment
prioritization
forest cover type mapping

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16
Q

spectrum of possible management approaches intermediary approaches combine two approaches. what are they

A

active-thinning

passive-monitoring

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17
Q

there are 6 categories identified by the ICUN name a categoire

A

preserves, reserves

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18
Q

one of the key area identified for restoration are called core____

A

reserves

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19
Q

the connection between core reserves are called

A

corridors

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20
Q

gap analysis refers too___

A

the gap of certain habitat types

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21
Q

semi-protected areas around core areas are called___

A

buffer

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22
Q

what is a corridor

A

an area connecting habitat for animals to travel

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23
Q

what is the purpose of matrix land

A

more intensive resource use

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24
Q

federal government developed northwest forest plan using core reserves for what species

A

spotted owl

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25
Q

murray pacific habitat conservation plan is designed to provide what kind of habitat for spotted owl

A

dispersal

26
Q

DLI stands for____

A

dispersal landscape index

27
Q

Process

A

functions such as nutrient cycling

28
Q

structures

A

components that support life (biodiversity)

29
Q

scale

A

context- spatial and temporal

30
Q

traditional restoration goals include

A

reestablishing native species

31
Q

dynamic reference seeks to evaluate

A

reference conditions, restored site statistically

32
Q

give a reason we cant restore a site to a former condition

A

climate conditions wont allow the same species to grow there

33
Q

what is different about novel ecosystems in terms of their species composition

A

novel ecosystems try to mimic past ecosystems

34
Q

restoring wolves back into yellow stone is a example of

A

rewilding

35
Q

example of assisted migration

A

moving trees to cooler climates because of climate change impacts

36
Q

criticism of novel ecosystems

A

give a license to degrade ecosystems

37
Q

which ecosystems recovered first second and third at mt st helens

A

riparian,
lacustrine,
terrestrial

38
Q

common non-woody species that helped restore mt st helens area

A

lupine

39
Q

most common species found recovering in riparian areas of mt st helens

A

red alder

40
Q

something we have learned about restoration from the st helens eruption

A

ecosystems recover faster on there own then expected

41
Q

two most common conifer species found growing in the st helens blast zone

A

noble fir, doug fir

42
Q

why were some lakes unaffected by the eruption

A

they were frozen over

43
Q

lake we visited at st helens

A

coldwater

44
Q

define bioremediation

A

the process of using living organisms to clean up a site (oil spills)

45
Q

is bioremediation cheaper than other decontamination techniques

A

yes

46
Q

bioremediation started around

A

1960

47
Q

what percent of material can be treated with bioremediation

A

90%

48
Q

difference between in situ and ex situ

A

in situ is treated on site ex situ is treated off site

49
Q

bioventing

A

adding air to simulate bioremediation

50
Q

rhizofiltration

A

filtering contaminated water/soil with plant roots

51
Q

biostimulation

A

adding nutrients to simulate bioremediation

52
Q

bioaugmentation

A

adding matched microbe strains to simulate bioremediation

53
Q

phytoremediation

A

Green technology that uses plants systems for remediation, reclamation and restoration

54
Q

phytoremediation is best in deep or shallow soils

A

shallow soils

55
Q

two types of trees that have been successful at phytoremediation

A

cotton wood and willow

56
Q

the process of uptake and concentrating of contaminates by a plant is called

A

extraction

57
Q

metals that have been successful with phytoremediation

A

lead,
cadmium
copper
nickle

58
Q

what can be done with plant material once it has extracted contaminants from the soil

A

it can be burned

moved off site and disposed of

59
Q

what is transgenic plants

A

contain genes from another species

60
Q

hyperaccumulation

A

plants that can accumulate compounds more than 100 times the surrounding environment in their tissues

61
Q

disadvantage of phytoremediation

A

only works in shallow soils

restoration (1 decks)

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