Final Test Flashcards
A set
a collection of objects that have something in common
A subset
a set that is a part of another set.
Ways to describe a set
- using words
- using a list (sometimes it is impractical to generate)
- using set builder notation (this can be confusing to generate at the beginning)
Finite Sets
the number of elements in a set is a whole number
Infinite Sets
There are unlimited numbers of members
Well defined sets
no uncertainity as to whether an element belongs to that set or not
Difference Between Equal & Equivalent Sets
Equal Sets-same elements. { A, B, C = C, B, A}
Equivalent Sets-same number of elements. ( they can be placed in one-to-one correspondence)
A Venn Diagram
is a visual depiction of the similarities and differences between two different sets and its structure allows it to organize a wide variety of information
There are types of subtraction problems
- Separating
- Comparing
- Part- Part Whole
What are the properties of addition?
- Identity
- Commutative
- Associative
- Closure (with positive whole numbers)
Properties of Multiplication
- Zero
- Identity
- Commutative
- Associative
- Distributive
Partitioning
Size of the group is unknown
dealing out one by one
Repeated subtraction
number of groups is unknown (also referred to as the measurement model)
Multiplication
composing (putting together) equal size groups.
Division
decomposing (breaking apart)
a “whole” into equal size groups.
An estimate
an answer that is close enough to an exact answer to be useable
Closure
closing the equation
Associative
when the sum is the same
Commutative
reverse of where we went
Identity
stays the same
Common Core
stresses math thinking and the precision of language
Scope
the order of what
Curriculum
what we are going to talk about (overview)
Sequence
the order of when
Process Standard
stays the same (how)
Content Standard
changes
Why do we have Common Core?
allows students to move beyond simple arithmetic recall
Goals of National Council of Teacher Mathematics (NCTM)
- Addresses specific problems
- Reason
- Critical thinking
Mathematics
the relationship of patterns
Problem Solving Strategies
- makes a chart
- make a guess
- draws a picture
Patterns
a unifying theme trying to incorpate skills, concepts and problem solving
Polya’s Steps
- understand the problem
- devise a plan
- monitor your plan
- check your work
Reasoning
making generalizations; mathematical memory
Hindi-Arabic
from zero to nine
Roman Numberals
I-1 V-5 X-10 L-50 C-100 D-500 M-1000
Algebric Thinking
Patterns; Classifications; Functions; Equity; Proportional Reasoning; Relationing; Variables; Expressions
Algorithms
- transparent
- accurate
- consist way to solve a problem
- generalized
- low level of error
Algebra
generalized Arthemictics; the study of structures
Elements
one of the things that belong in a set
Functions
when two sets are related
Factors
a number that goes into another
Greatest Common Factor
smaller than either of the numbers
Lowest Common Multiple
generally greater than either number
Prime Numbers
only divisible by 1 and itself
Composite
has more than two factors
Integars
whole numbers & opposities (include negatives)
Mixed numbers
contains a whole number and a fraction
Rational numbers
positive & negative factions and decimals
