final test Flashcards
What colors do chlorophyl a and b absorb.
blue red
What are carotenoids.
The are the other type of pigments that give plants their red and yellow colors
What colors do carotenoids absorb.
blue and green
stomata
the part of the leaf that obtains CO2. they are small pores that on the epidermis.
cuticle
a waxy water proofing layer on the outside of the epidermis.
stroma
it is a semi-fluid medium with the inner membrane of the the chloroplast.
Thylakoids
disk shaped sacs found with in the stroma
What are all the things that are necessary parts of light dependent reactions.
H2O, ADP, NADP+
What happens in the light dependent phase of photosythesis?
Sunlight energy is converted into usable chemical energy.
what happens in the calvin cycle?
temporary chemical energy carriers change their energy into permeant energy in the form of glucose. This is also where CO2 is turned into O2
Where does the light dependent reactions occur?
thylakoids
Where does the calvin cycle occur?
in the stroma
What are genes
genes are heritable information
What are genes a part of?
chromosomes
where does the realized O2 come from?
it comes from the H2O
What are all the inputs for the Calvin cycle?
ATP NADPH Carbon Dioxide
What is the diameter of dna
2 Nanometers
What is the process of separating and combining new DNA?
Semi conservative Replication
Dna helicase?
Is a protein that breaks up DNA to be reproduced.
DNA polymerase
are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.
What are the five types of mutation in DNA?
point insertion delation inversion translocation
RNA polymerase
temporarily separates DNA and then creates RNA and the rejoins the DNA.
what is messenger RNA (mRNA)
It’s the copy of the dna
Transfer RNA
tRNA is essentially the thing that bring an anti codon to Ribosomal RNA and attached to the tRNA is a amino acid that together makes a protien
Ribosomal RNA
It is what makes possible the creation of amino acid chains that become the proteins.
Codons are what?
They are a three nucleotides paired together to determine what the nucleotide is meant to say is it and beginning of a amino acid chain is the end or is saying what type of amino acid to used in that amino acid chain.
What is Rosalind Frankland’s role in figuring out the shape of DNA?
She took a picture of DNA’s structure and francis and crick used that picture to determine the shape of DNA. moral of the story the men around her Got the nobel prize but she did not even though she is what made there discovery possible.
What are nucleotides shape
phosphate to a five carbon sugar to a base.
autosome
a chromosome that is not involved in the determination of sex.
homologous chromesome
contain the same kinds of genes and have the same size, shape, and banding pattern.
james Watson and francis crick
they took Rosalind Franklin’s picture to deduce the shape of DNA with the help of there previous bonding theory. they got nobel prizes she didn’t
who discovered the key of the central dogma.
francis crick
what are the differences between RNA and DNA
RNA uses ribose sugar and Uracil to replace the Deoxygenated ribose and T.
what are the four base pairs?
adenine (A) guanine (G) Cytosine (C) and thymine (T)
maurice Wilkins
Phd was going to work with Rosaland franklin but he thought she was going to work under him,
who was Linus Pauling
he was leading expert on protein structures who was going to help Rosaland Franklin understand the structure of DNA but his passport got denied so he could not go to britain. also nobel laureate.
