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Evidence-based Practice in ECE > Final Test > Flashcards

Final Test Flashcards

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Early Childhood Education flashcards
1
Q

What does developmental health explain?

A
  • research findings, theories, methodologies in human development
  • early experiences and environments shape lifelong learning
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2
Q

Why is neuroscience important?

A

Studies the development and functioning of the brain and the nervouse system

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3
Q

What is developmental health?

A

Help us understand how genes, biology and environments interact to shape developmental outcomes for children, adults and whole populations.

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4
Q

What is human development?

A
  • investigates biological and environmental factors in brain growth and development
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5
Q

What is population health?

A

Studies why some groups of people are healthier than others.

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6
Q

What are some of the different disciplines of population health?

A
  • demography
  • epidemiology
  • sociology
  • anthropology
  • economics
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7
Q

What is demography?

A

Stride of population patterns or the structure of populations.

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8
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

A discipline that combines knowledge and research about the distribution of health and illness in populations.

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9
Q

What is sociology?

A

Studies how societies are organized and how different populations are similar and different.

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10
Q

What is anthropology?

A

Considers how different Childrearing practices, language, physical environment, social organization, values and beliefs influence human development.

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11
Q

What is economics?

A

Studies the distribution of resources, including the comparison benefits of different ways of allocating financial or other resources.

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12
Q

What are the four main lobes of the brain. Explain what each are responsible for.

A
  1. Frontal: motor control, planning and decision making.
  2. Parietal: touch information and body representation.
  3. Occipital: visual information, colour and motion.
  4. Temporal: processing auditory and social information.
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13
Q

What are the five sub cortial structures of the brain? Explain each.

A
  1. Forebrain: regulates sensory and motor processes that are vital for planning and controlling behaviour.
  2. Midbrain: provides low-level sensory processing and has a role in motivation.
  3. Hindbrain: breathing, heart rate, balance and motor learning.
  4. Hippocampus: learning and memory.
  5. Amygdala: emotion.
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14
Q

What are the four functions of neurotransmitters?

A
  1. Acetylcholine: attention and arousal.
  2. Dopamine: motivation.
  3. Noradrenalin: fight or flight, depression and mania.
  4. Serotonin: sleep-wake cycle, temperature, regulation.
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15
Q

What are sensitive periods?

A

Different parts of the brain have peak periods of construction at different times during development from conception through early childhood.

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16
Q

What are some social determinants of health?

A
  • diet
  • clean air
  • good genes
  • love
  • belonging
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17
Q

What happens to the brain when children have experienced trauma?

A

The FFR is firing off in the back of the brain. The amygdala is sending all the perceived threats to the lower parts of the brain. The prefrontal cortex is less development and therefore not used in any situation that is threatening.

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18
Q

What happens when there is an overproduction of hormones (adrenalin - cortisol)?

A

Negative thoughts shift the body’s focus to protection and reduce the ability to process and think with wisdom or to grow healthy thoughts.

19
Q

What are some examples of FFR?

A

Fight: defensive, argumentative, reactive, angry.
Flight: runs away, anxious, fearful.
Freeze: shuts down emotions, disassociates.

20
Q

What are some signs of a child who is stuck in FFR?

A
  • lying
  • stealing
  • controlling
  • pushing limits
  • impulsive
  • superficially charming
  • hurts animals
21
Q

What are the outcomes of extended FFR?

A
  • digestive problems
  • high blood pressure
  • anxiety
  • depression
22
Q

What are the chemicals related to FFR?

A

Dopamine: addictive behaviour
Serotonin: controls moose, appetite, sleep
Epinephrine: increases heart rate and blood pressure

23
Q

What are some of the things the frontal lobe is involved in?

A
  • ability to concentrate
  • problem solving
  • memory
  • impulse control
  • social behaviour
24
Q

What is self regulation?

A

The ability to modulate (inhibit, activate, or change) attention and behaviour in response to a situation.

25
Q

What are the five levels of self regulation?

A
  1. Biology: temperament
  2. Emotion: regulation
  3. Cognitive: executive functions (sustained attention, inhibit impulses)
  4. Social: acquisition of normative behaviours (language, social conventions)
  5. Moral: development or internalized standards
26
Q

What is arousal regulation?

A

Opposing forces of hormones and inhibition.

27
Q

What are the six stages of arousal?

A
  1. Flooded = activation
  2. Hyper alert
  3. Calmly focused and alert
  4. Hypo alert
  5. Drowsy
  6. Alert = inhibition
28
Q

What is optimal regulation?

A

The capacity to make both gradual and rapid state changes across the arousal continuum (that are appropriate) recover back to baseline, and modulate the highs and lows of energy within a given state.

29
Q

What is delay of gratification?

A

Self control

30
Q

What is behavioral epigenetics and the study about rats?

A

The rats who received care from their mother caused a pattern in their brain DNA to occur. They were less anxious and more well adjusted.

31
Q

What is developmental health?

A

Brings together the notion of human development and population health to try and unravel now early child development is shaped by experiences and environments which are shaped by social and economic conditions.

32
Q

What is the Early Developmental Indicators (EDI) instrument?

A

Kindergarten teachers administer this tool during the second half of kindergarten, after they have known the children for several months.

33
Q

What is the purpose of the EDI?

A
  • Determines how healthy and positive development of children is occurring
  • Identifies areas where early childhood development is lacking
  • Used to enhance programs for children
34
Q

What are some of the pluses and minuses of the EDI?

A

Plus: community awareness of early childhood issues
Minuses: data has been inappropriately used, not always valid

35
Q

What are some determinants of health?

A
  • income and social status
  • culture
  • gender
  • social environments
  • healthy child development
  • physical environments
36
Q

What is Bronfrenbrenner’s bio-ecological systems theory?

A

Describes the relationships and interactions between a child’s immediate context.

37
Q

What does Rogoff believe?

A

Many layers of a child’s environment interact. Culture is inseparable from the individual.

38
Q

What are the three streams of educational ideologies in early learning? Explain each.

A

Romantic: developmental theories, child initiated and child centred.
Cultural transmission: passing down information from generations, direct instruction.
Progressive: children create knowledge through human and environmental resources available to them.

39
Q

What is the difference between the social pedagogy approach and infant school?

A

Social pedagogy: outdoors, documentation, curriculum reflects students.
Infant school: readiness for school, direct instruction, evaluations

40
Q

What is the image of the child?

A

Constructed and influenced by perspectives of learning.

41
Q

What does it mean to build a rapport?

A

The interaction and the depth of the caring and concern expressed between two people.

42
Q

What is the difference of sensitivity and responsiveness in terms of establishing relationships?

A

Sensitivity: imagine how the child is feeling and understand his perspective.
Responsiveness: educator acts on the child’s cues and provides an appropriate response.

43
Q

What should a play space provide?

A

Feeling of…

  • acceptance
  • safety
  • emotional comfort

Evidence-based Practice in ECE (2 decks)

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