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Chemistry Final Test > Final Test > Flashcards

Final Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Ion

A

A charged atom

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2
Q

Cation

A

A positive ion

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3
Q

Anion

A

A negative ion

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4
Q

Salt

A

An ionic compound that forms when a metal atom or a positive radical replaces the hydrogen of an acid

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5
Q

Lattice energy

A

The energy associated with constructing a crystal lattice relative to the energy of all constituent atoms separated by infinite distances

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6
Q

Binary compounds

A

The names given to the compounds which contain EXACTLY two elements

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7
Q

Crystal lattice

A

The name given to the regular pattern in which a crystal is arranged

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8
Q

Unit cell

A

The smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the 3D pattern of the entire lattice

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9
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Transferring valence electrons between atoms

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10
Q

Covalent bond

A

The sharing of valence electrons between atoms

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11
Q

Ternary compounds

A

Compounds that have EXACTLY three elements

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12
Q

Mole

A

The SI unit of quantity

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13
Q

Avogadro’s number

A

6.02 x 10^23 (602 sextillion)

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14
Q

Molar mass

A

The mass of 1 mile of a given compound or given element

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15
Q

Average atomic mass

A

The weighted average of masses o all isotopes of a given element

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16
Q

Atomic mass unit

A

The unit that is defined to be 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

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17
Q

Percentage composition

A

Shows the percentage by weight of all elements in a given compound

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18
Q

Empirical formula

A

The simplest whole number ratio of the number of elements in a given compound

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19
Q

Molecular formula

A

The true chemical formula of a given compound

Produced when you simplify q molecular formula

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20
Q

Hydrate

A

A compound which has loosely attached water molecules

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21
Q

Chemical reaction

A

The process in which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

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22
Q

Chemical equation

A

A written representation of a chemical change hitch involves chemical symbols, chemical formulas, an an arrow

23
Q

Reactants

A

The substances that are present before a chemical change occurs

24
Q

Products

A

The substances that are produced as a result o a chemical change

25
Q

Law of conservation of matter

A

“Matter cannot be created nor destroyed but can change form through ordinary chemical reactions”

-created by Antoine Lavoisier (French, guillotine)

26
Q

Conversion factor

A

A fraction that is equivalent to 1, that is used to convert a given unit to a different unit

27
Q

Coefficient

A

The number placed in front of the molecules represented in an equation to indicate the numerical ratio of the substances reacting

28
Q

Subscript

A

Small numbers that indicate the number of a particular type of atom or ion in a formula unit

29
Q

Synthesis

A

Reaction in which two or more substances combine to form one new substance

30
Q

Decomposition

A

Reaction which one substance breaks down to form two or more new substances

31
Q

Single displacement

A

A chemical reaction in which an element traded places with an element in a compound

32
Q

Double displacement

A

A chemical reaction in which an element from a compound trades places with an element from a compound

33
Q

Stoic homered

A

The quantitative study of chemical reactions

34
Q

Limiting reactant

A

The substance that is completely used up in a chemical reaction

35
Q

Excess reactant

A

The substance that still remains, I reacted, when the chemical reaction stops

36
Q

Mass to mass problems

A

Given a specific amount of mass of a reactant, determine how many grams of reactant can be produced

37
Q

Mass to volume problems

A

When a chemical reaction occurs and gases are produced, rather than determining the mass of the gas produced, it may be more understandable to determine the “volume” of gas produced

38
Q

STP

A

Standard pressure and temperature

  • temperature of 0 degree Celsius at sea level
  • pressure is 101.3 kilo pascals
39
Q

Molar volume

A

The volume that one mole of gas particles occupy at STP

40
Q

Avogadro’s hypothesis

A

Equal volume of gases under identical conditions o temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules

41
Q

Pressure

A

The amount of force exerted per unit area of surface

42
Q

Newton

A

The SI unit of force

-the force that gives an acceleration of 1 m/sec squared to an object whose mass is 1 kg

43
Q

Pascal

A

The SI u it of pressure

-equal to the force of 1 N exerted over an area of 1 m squared

44
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure of the gas decreases an the volume of the gas decreases as the pressure of the gas increases

45
Q

Charle’s Law

A

For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases and the volume of the gas decreases as the temperature of the gas decreases

46
Q

Ideal gas

A

A fictional, theoretical gas that closely mimics the behavior of real gases
-they expand when heated, contract when cooled, but they never condense and they never solidify

47
Q

Ideal gas law

A

Te mathematical relationship o pressure, volume, temperature, the gas constant K, and the number of miles of a gas n

48
Q

Real gas

A

An actual gas that expanses when heated, contracts when cooled, eventually condenses and eventually turns into a solid

49
Q

Diffusion

A

Te movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

50
Q

Effusion

A

The passage of gas under pressure through a tiny opening

51
Q

Graham’s Law of diffusion

A

The rate of diffusion o a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas’s density

52
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining volumes

A

The law that states that the volume of gases involves Ina chemical change can be represented by the ratio of small whole numbers

53
Q

Valence electrons

A

Electrons in the outermost energy level which take part in chemical reactions

Chemistry Final Test (1 decks)

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