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Music History > Final test > Flashcards

Final test Flashcards

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1
Q

Pope Gregory

A

700’s
Codification of chant, standardization
guided by divine inspiration
replaced/incorporated other chant styles

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2
Q

Sections of the ordinary (or common)

A

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei

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3
Q

Sections of the proper

A

Collects, epistles, gospel, introit, alleluia, tract, others

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4
Q

Published book that contains ordinary and proper

A

Gradual

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5
Q

Tropes

A

Adding to already written music
Melismas
Prosula (words for melismas that explained other parts of text)
adding words and music to an existing chant

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6
Q

Boethius

A

Roman music theorist
wrote De Instutione Musica
believed that music was a science, all about numbers, intervallic relationships, etc
Included other disciplines under his study of music

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7
Q

Hildegard von Bingen

A 
German nun
Wrote "Ordo Virtutum"
First non-liturgical music drama
sacred work
wrote music and text
divinely inspired
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8
Q

Rhythmic modes

A

Six different modes, all triple based

from Notre Dame

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9
Q

Medieval modes

A

Authentic (odd)
ti to do (about a 9th)

Plagal (even) (hypo, such as hypodorian)
so to so (roughly)

D dorian
E phyrgian
F Lydian
G Mixolydian

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10
Q

Organum

A

Parallel (fifths, below main voice)

Free, Aquitanian, Florid - tenor, fixed melody sung, other part improvised using consonances

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11
Q

Leonin and Perotin

A

Worked at Notre Dame

Leonin wrote Magnus Liber Organi (collection
Perotin

Perotin - increased number of parts in organum from 3 to 4

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12
Q

Clasula

A

Tenor is in fixed rhythm, rewritten section of a piece of music

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13
Q

Incipit

A

Words and or notes used to lead off a piece of music or literature

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14
Q

Vox Organalis

A

Added part in organum (to a chant)

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15
Q

Conductus

A

Latin poem for 2-4 voices

non-liturgical, but still sacred

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16
Q

added voice in parallel organum

chant voice in florid organum

A

organal voice

tenor

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17
Q

Winchester Troper

A
  • collection of tropes from Winchester
  • contains organal parts to accompany aurally known chants
  • largest known collection of organal parts from this time
18
Q

Musica Enchiriadis

A

Treatise to train new clerical members

-practical : explains modes, singing exercises for practice

19
Q

Magnus Liber Organi

A

two-part settings of solo portions of responsorial chants

-developed at Notre Dame (Leonin)

20
Q

Micrologus

A
  • Hexachord system
  • by Guido D’Arezzo
  • precursor to modern solfege
  • guidonian hand to remember notes, intervals
  • Ut Queant Laxis, by Guido to teach solfege
  • It’s called solmization in this setting
21
Q

Ars Nova

A
  • Phillipe de Vitry

- author and composer of a book (first major Ars Nova composer)

22
Q

Phillipe de Vitry vs. Jacques de Liege

A

de Liege preferred old school
said groupings of three were holy
de Vitry used duple and triple rhythms

23
Q

Isorhythm

A

tenor repeats a rhythm throughout

  • Talea repeating rhythm found in ars nova tenor parts
  • Color melodic idea repeated throughout the tenor part
24
Q

Guillaume de Machaut

Mass of Notre Dame

A
  • Early example of mass written entirely by one person
  • one singer per part
  • Isorhythm is used
  • First polyphonic setting of an ordinary
25
Q

Franconian motets vs Petronian motets

A
  • both relatively rhythmically precise
  • petronian motets were busier, highly melismatic
  • Franconian motets would use no more than three semi-breves (sixteenth notes), per tempus
  • Petronian motets were probably slower to accommodate all the notes
26
Q

Trouveres, Troubadors, Minnesingers

A

Trouveres - Northern France
Troubadors - Southern France
Minnesingers - German

Poet musicians, all talked about ideal love

Minnesingers talked more about divine love, theism, religious responsibility and a sense of duty. Also, the crusades

27
Q

Goliards

A

Students and clerics who travelled and sang
sacred and secular music
sophisticaed music, meant for an educated audience

28
Q

Musica ficta

A

alterations in accidentals, sometimes notated, sometimes assumed as performance practice

avoiding tritones
creating double leading tone cadences

29
Q

Roman de Fauvel

A

Narrative poem satirizing monarch

Ars nova, includes motets

30
Q

Pastourelle

A

French song type that speaks unfavorably of knights

sex and/or rape, pillaging often involved

31
Q

Adam de la Halle

A

French trouvère
wrote “Jeu de Robin et de Marion”
story of Robin Hood

32
Q

Landini

A

Ars Nova
Landini cadence (7-6-1)
wrote “Non avra ma’pieta”

33
Q

Worcester fragments

A

collection of music from Worcester

conductus and motet are most prominent

34
Q

Scaracialupi Codex

A

later 1300’s early 1400’s

compile by Antonio Scarcialupi, organist from Florence

35
Q

Old Hall Manuscript

A

collection of English compositions
early 1400’s
uses parallel 3rds and 6ths

36
Q

Madrigal

A

Italian, secular
two voices
poems, love poems

37
Q

Shawm

A

double-reed predecessor to oboe

38
Q

Racket

A

predecessor to bassoon

39
Q

Sackbut

A

predecessor to trombone

40
Q

Dodekachordron

A

Garlneus
Added Ionian, hypoionian,
Aeloian, hypoaeloian

Music History (3 decks)

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