Final test Flashcards
Pope Gregory
700’s
Codification of chant, standardization
guided by divine inspiration
replaced/incorporated other chant styles
Sections of the ordinary (or common)
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
Sections of the proper
Collects, epistles, gospel, introit, alleluia, tract, others
Published book that contains ordinary and proper
Gradual
Tropes
Adding to already written music
Melismas
Prosula (words for melismas that explained other parts of text)
adding words and music to an existing chant
Boethius
Roman music theorist
wrote De Instutione Musica
believed that music was a science, all about numbers, intervallic relationships, etc
Included other disciplines under his study of music
Hildegard von Bingen
German nun Wrote "Ordo Virtutum" First non-liturgical music drama sacred work wrote music and text divinely inspired
Rhythmic modes
Six different modes, all triple based
from Notre Dame
Medieval modes
Authentic (odd)
ti to do (about a 9th)
Plagal (even) (hypo, such as hypodorian)
so to so (roughly)
D dorian
E phyrgian
F Lydian
G Mixolydian
Organum
Parallel (fifths, below main voice)
Free, Aquitanian, Florid - tenor, fixed melody sung, other part improvised using consonances
Leonin and Perotin
Worked at Notre Dame
Leonin wrote Magnus Liber Organi (collection
Perotin
Perotin - increased number of parts in organum from 3 to 4
Clasula
Tenor is in fixed rhythm, rewritten section of a piece of music
Incipit
Words and or notes used to lead off a piece of music or literature
Vox Organalis
Added part in organum (to a chant)
Conductus
Latin poem for 2-4 voices
non-liturgical, but still sacred
added voice in parallel organum
chant voice in florid organum
organal voice
tenor
Winchester Troper
- collection of tropes from Winchester
- contains organal parts to accompany aurally known chants
- largest known collection of organal parts from this time
Musica Enchiriadis
Treatise to train new clerical members
-practical : explains modes, singing exercises for practice
Magnus Liber Organi
two-part settings of solo portions of responsorial chants
-developed at Notre Dame (Leonin)
Micrologus
- Hexachord system
- by Guido D’Arezzo
- precursor to modern solfege
- guidonian hand to remember notes, intervals
- Ut Queant Laxis, by Guido to teach solfege
- It’s called solmization in this setting
Ars Nova
- Phillipe de Vitry
- author and composer of a book (first major Ars Nova composer)
Phillipe de Vitry vs. Jacques de Liege
de Liege preferred old school
said groupings of three were holy
de Vitry used duple and triple rhythms
Isorhythm
tenor repeats a rhythm throughout
- Talea repeating rhythm found in ars nova tenor parts
- Color melodic idea repeated throughout the tenor part
Guillaume de Machaut
Mass of Notre Dame
- Early example of mass written entirely by one person
- one singer per part
- Isorhythm is used
- First polyphonic setting of an ordinary
Franconian motets vs Petronian motets
- both relatively rhythmically precise
- petronian motets were busier, highly melismatic
- Franconian motets would use no more than three semi-breves (sixteenth notes), per tempus
- Petronian motets were probably slower to accommodate all the notes
Trouveres, Troubadors, Minnesingers
Trouveres - Northern France
Troubadors - Southern France
Minnesingers - German
Poet musicians, all talked about ideal love
Minnesingers talked more about divine love, theism, religious responsibility and a sense of duty. Also, the crusades
Goliards
Students and clerics who travelled and sang
sacred and secular music
sophisticaed music, meant for an educated audience
Musica ficta
alterations in accidentals, sometimes notated, sometimes assumed as performance practice
avoiding tritones
creating double leading tone cadences
Roman de Fauvel
Narrative poem satirizing monarch
Ars nova, includes motets
Pastourelle
French song type that speaks unfavorably of knights
sex and/or rape, pillaging often involved
Adam de la Halle
French trouvère
wrote “Jeu de Robin et de Marion”
story of Robin Hood
Landini
Ars Nova
Landini cadence (7-6-1)
wrote “Non avra ma’pieta”
Worcester fragments
collection of music from Worcester
conductus and motet are most prominent
Scaracialupi Codex
later 1300’s early 1400’s
compile by Antonio Scarcialupi, organist from Florence
Old Hall Manuscript
collection of English compositions
early 1400’s
uses parallel 3rds and 6ths
Madrigal
Italian, secular
two voices
poems, love poems
Shawm
double-reed predecessor to oboe
Racket
predecessor to bassoon
Sackbut
predecessor to trombone
Dodekachordron
Garlneus
Added Ionian, hypoionian,
Aeloian, hypoaeloian
