Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology and the Law > Final Test > Flashcards

Final Test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Civil Procedure 1L flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards MBE flashcards MPRE flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Serial murder requires a minimum of 3 victims and no cooling off period

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In Canada, what province has the most youth gangs?

A

ONTARIO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Youth Criminal Justice Act has been effective in reducing the crime rate and…

A

Imprisoning youth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

“Once a Psychopath, always a Psychopath” True or False?

A

FALSE - Treatment has shown to be effective on youth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False? All individuals diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder will become psychopaths?

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does a sociopath differ from a psychopath?

A

Sociopath - sociopathic traits are assumed to be due to environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do Cognitive Theories revolve around?

A

Thorough processes that start with individuals attention to and interpret social and emotional cause…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Patient Treatment and Community Based Programming focused on?

A

Retribution and Rehabilitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

First degree murder must be…

A

Planned and Deliberate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Victims of serial murders are usually young females with close relations to the murderer. True or False?

A

FALSE - Generally females but with no relation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Boys who are exposed to abuse at a young age are at risk of what?

A

Becoming abusive themselves in their adult relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common sentence provided to youth in youth court?

A

Probation - over 50% of youth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Psychopaths have a large disregard for social….

A

NORMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What theorist is responsible for the Social Learning Theory?

A

Bandura (1965)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The creation of the Youth Offenders Act in 1984 allowed for what programs which encouraged education and community service programs?

A

Diversion Programs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In regards to affective characteristics, psychopaths are lacking remorse and… what?

A

EMPATHY.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of the assessment tool used to test for psychopathy?

A

Hare Psychopathy Checklist - Revised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Psychopathy is highly correlated with sexual offenders. True or False?

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are emotional difficulties such as anxiety, depression, and obsessions referred to as?

A

Internalizing Problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Females typically kill for money, whereas Males kill for what?

A

Sexual Gratification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

It was not until the 19 century that youth who committed criminal acts in Canada were tried as youth not as an adult. True or False?

A

FALSE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 types of homicide?

A
  1. First-degree murder
  2. Second-degree murder
  3. Manslaughter
  4. Infanticide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define First-degree murder.

A

A culpable homicide that is planned and deliberate.

  • Both aspects must be present
  • automatic life sentence with no possibility of parole for 25 years.
24
Q

Define Second-degree murder.

A

A deliberate killing carried out without planning that does not fall under any of the categories of first degree murder (spontaneous)
- min. life in prison with no parole for 10 years, but may be longer

25
Q

Define Manslaughter.

A

A homicide committed without the intention to cause death (recklessly driving your vehicle), OR there may have been an intention to cause harm.
- carries no min sentence, may vary from probation to life in prison

26
Q

Define Infanticide.

A

When a mother causes the death of her newborn child. either willfully or through an act of omission, while in a mentally disturbed state resulting from the effects of giving birth to the child.
- no min sentence, but a max is 5 years in prison

27
Q

What are the characteristics of Homicide in Canada?

A
  • Most likely to be killed by someone you know
  • Females more likely to be killed by an intimate partner than are males
  • Gang-related homicides are on the rise
28
Q

What are the 3 types of multiple murder?

A
  1. Serial murder - min 3 victims; cooling off period between unrelated killings. Ex. Bernardo
  2. Mass murder - min 3 victims; no cooling off period between killings committed at same location. Ex. Bateman Killer
  3. Spree murder - min 3 victims; no cooling off period between killings committed at more than 2 locations
29
Q

Define Serial Murder.

A

Minimum of 3 victims; cooling off period between unrelated killings. Ex. Paul Bernardo

30
Q

Define Mass Murder.

A

Minimum of 3 victims; no cooling off period between killings committed at same location. Ex. Bateman Killer

31
Q

Define Spree Murder.

A

Minimum of 3 victims; no cooling off period between killings committed at more than two locations

32
Q

What are the characteristics of Serial Murderers?

A
  • Most serial murderers are male
  • Most serial murderers do not operate with an accomplice
  • Most serial murderers are Caucasian
  • Victims of serial murderers are usually young females with no relation to the murderer.
33
Q

Outline the characteristics of Male vs. Female Serial Murderers.

A
  • Males are more likely to have a criminal history
  • Females are more likely to work with accomplice
  • Males tend to use firearms, females use poison
  • Males kill more for sexual gratification, women kill for money
  • Males are more likely to kill strangers
34
Q

What are the definitions and traits of Psychology?

A
  1. Interpersonal characteristics – Grandiosity (very “proud”), Manipulation
  2. Affective characteristics – Lock of remorse or guilt, Callous/lack of empathy
  3. Behavioural characteristics – Impulsivity, Criminal versatility (flexible/adaptable)
35
Q

Define Interpersonal characteristics.

A

Grandiosity (very “proud”), Manipulation

36
Q

Define Affective characteristics.

A

Lock of remorse or guilt, Callous/lack of empathy

37
Q

Define Behavioral characteristics.

A

Impulsivity, Criminal versatility (flexible/adaptable)

38
Q

What are the components of the Psychopathy Checklist Revised

A

Factor 1: Interpersonal and Affective Traits

Factor 2: Unstable and Socially Deviant Traits

39
Q

What is the recidivism rates for treated vs. untreated psychopaths?

A

Untreated Psychopaths - 55%

Treated Psychopaths - j77%

40
Q

What are the concerns around psychopathy and youth?

A
  • Researchers have identified concerns with applying the psychopathic label to youth:
  • Stigma associated with the label
  • Characteristics of psychopathy are common features of normal development process (hard to determine)
  • One way youth may differ from adults is that they may be more responsive to treatment
41
Q

What is the history of crime in Canada?

A
  • Prior to the 1990’s, risk was seen as a dichotomy – the individual was either dangerous or not dangerous.
  • Canada enacted the Juvenile Delinquents Act in 1908 in response to youthful offenders
  • In 1984, it was replaced with the Young Offenders Act.
  • In April 2003 the Youth Criminal Justice Act replaced the YOA.
42
Q

What are the 3 main objectives of the Youth Criminal Justice Act?

A
  1. to prevent youth crime
  2. to provide meaningful consequences and encourage responsibility of behaviour
  3. to improve rehabilitation and reintegration of youth into the community
43
Q

Explain the youth crime rates.

A
  • Probation remained the most common sentence to youth in 2010 – over 50%
  • In 2010/11, 16% of guilty youth were sentenced to custody
44
Q

Explain Biological Theories.

A

examines the relation between the frontal lobe functioning and antisocial behaviour.

45
Q

Explain the Social Learning Theory.

A

A theory of human behaviour based on learning from watching others in the social environment and reinforcement contingencies

46
Q

What are the 3 theories to explain anti-social behaviour?

A
  1. Biological Theories
  2. Cognitive Theories
  3. Social Learning Theory
47
Q

Define Primary Intervention Strategies.

A

Identify groups of children that show risks of developing anti-social behaviour in their later life. If the behavioral issue is addressed early enough in the child’s life, then the likelihood of them becoming young offenders are reduced.

48
Q

Define Secondary Intervention Strategies.

A

Strategies that attempt to reduce the frequency of violence

49
Q

Define Tertiary Intervention Strategies.

A

Strategies that attempt to prevent violence from reoccurring

50
Q

What are the 3 known Risk Factors?

A
  1. Individual Risk Factors
  2. Familial Risk Factors
  3. School and Social Risk Factors.
51
Q

Define Individual Risk Factors and it’s protective factors.

A

A variety of genetic or biological factors have been linked to behavioural problems. A child’s temperament also can be a risk factor.
Protective Factors include exceptional social skills, child competencies, confident perceptions, values, attitudes, and beliefs within the child.

52
Q

Define Familial Risk Factors and it’s protective factors.

A

Parents play a critical role in the development of their children. Children of parents who are neglectful or children who do not attach securely to their parents are at risk for later behavioural problems.
- Protective Factors are those positive aspect of the child’s parents/guardians and home environment.

53
Q

Define School and Social Risk Factors and it’s protective factors.

A

Having trouble reading and having a lower intelligence are both risk factors for antisocial behaviour. This environment also provides opportunity for peer influences on behaviour.
- Protective Factor against antisocial behaviour is associating with prosocial children

54
Q

What is a basic fact when Assessing children under 12 years old.

A

Youth’s emotional and behavioural difficulties can be categorized as internalizing and externalizing problems.
Internalizing problems – emotional difficulties such as anxiety, depression, and obsessions
Externalizing problems – behavioural difficulties such as delinquency, fighting, bulling, lying, and destructive behaviour.

55
Q

What is the process for assessing risk in adolescents.

A

The instruments used to assess a young offender’s risk generally include a “checklist”, where items are scored on a scale, the points are summed, and a cut-off value is set for either detaining or releasing the young offender.
• The task of identifying risk factors of young offenders who will reoffend is different than for adults.
• Young offenders do not have the years behind them that can be examined in adults.
• Children may be more influenced by context than enduring character

Psychology and the Law (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions