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Cultural Anthropology > Final Test > Flashcards

Final Test Flashcards

0
Q

The ex from lecture where how lose you are expected to stand to others while waiting in line varies between the U.S. And Taiwan is an ex of

A

Proxemics

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1
Q

The minimum bits of sound that native speakers recognize as distinct are knowns as…

A

Phonemes

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2
Q

The feature of human language known as productivity signifies that a finite set of symbols and rules can be combined into a ____ set of novel messages

A

Infinite

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3
Q

What factors led many Latino voters to support prop 227?

A

All of these

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4
Q

The phones /p/ and /b/…

A

… Are bilabial plosives

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5
Q

The blended “contact” languages that is established when two populations speaking different languages frequently interact is called a

A

Pidgin language

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6
Q

Contemporary anthropology proposes that in play people agree to follow the rules of a game and temporarily suspend the rules of life

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Linguist estimate that there are between ____ living languages today

A

3,000 and 10,000

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8
Q

In linguistic anthropology IPA refers to

A

Charts of the International Phonetic Alphabet

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9
Q

The use of Arabic script to phonetically transcribe the phones of Pular, or Wolof is known as

A

Ajami

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10
Q

The tagging of a building in downtown can be understood as

A

Art as a form of resistance

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11
Q

The textbooks definition of art

A

Refers to processes, products, and transformation of forms in ways that are aesthetically pleasing to members of society

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12
Q

The local cultural definition of artistic quality is known as

A

Ethnoesthetics

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13
Q

Michaelanfelo transformed rock into human and by calling it David, he ___ his work within durable cultural context that people still understand it

A

Framed

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14
Q

The region of the world with the greatest linguistic diversity is…

A

The islands of Indonesia

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15
Q

The saying in Zimbabwe that if you walk you can dance, if you talk you can sing, suggest that they have a comparatively open frame defining song and dance when compared to U.S. culture

A

True

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16
Q

_____ is a form of thought and language (or symbolizing) that asserts a meaningful link between two expressions from different semantic domains

A

Metaphor

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17
Q

The chador is

A

All of the above

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18
Q

The Nuer of Sudan subsist mainly via transhumance pastoralism which requires them to track each of their cattle. They historically achieve this by…

A

Complex vocab describing color, pattern and horn configuration

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19
Q

When symbols associated with Tony the Tiger are added to a mole; the addition of these images create which type of value?

A

Symbolic value

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20
Q

The Navajo use of the swirl in tradition weaving was ended because…

A

The dominant culture of the consumer associated the symbol with another meaning

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21
Q

T or F: the Neolithic revolution stimulates a less varied diet

A

True

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22
Q

What mode of production have humans used to meet their needs for over 90% of the past?

A

Foraging

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23
Q

A CAFO is an efficient model of producing meat, it is based upon…

A

Applying industrial efficiencies to the production of agricultural products

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24
Q

Which mode of production depends on crop-forest rotation through a fellow period?

A

Horticulture

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25
Q

_____ typically gain 40-50% of their calories from animal meat and milk and the remainder through trade

A

Pastoralists

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26
Q

The first origins of agriculture developed from

A

Observations that forest clearing, quality seed or stem selection, and soil augmentation created patchy resources

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27
Q

When capital is required for agricultural production, environmental variability in crop productivity (shocks) eventually lead to the ____ of landholdings

A

Concentrated ownership

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28
Q

When consumption is depersonalized what relationships are more likely to occur?

A

Labor exploitation

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29
Q

Based on lecture what percent of U.S. agricultural labor was born in Mexico?

A

75%

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30
Q

A remittance is

A

Both of these

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31
Q

T or F: the natural-supernatural distinction is a cultural universal

A

False

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32
Q

What type of religious organization had full time religious specialists?

A

Ecclesiastic

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33
Q

T or F: contemporary anthropology proposes that, in play people agree to follow the rules of a game, while in religion people choose to believe in the true rules of life

A

True

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34
Q

Anthony Wallace uses to term ‘cult’ to refer to…

A

A form of religion having its own set of beliefs, rituals, and goals

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35
Q

According to lecture, Durkheim proposed that religion played a central role in

A

Social cohesion

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36
Q

In the past anthropologists proposed that religion developed out of the failure of ___ to explain the world or answer the ‘big questions’

A

Magic

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37
Q

According to lecture, Marx proposed that religion could by used by the elite to…

A

Prevent the poor from taking self interested action against the elite

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38
Q

T or F: Based upon the reading by patten, men in the Chewa community of Malawi had to change their cultural values regarding male control of goat ownership, to improve child survival

A

True

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39
Q

According to the textbook; subsistence refers to…

A

How people grow, harvest, prepare, transport, market and eat food

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40
Q

How do pastoralists traditionally claim their land rights?

A

Through active use of pasture and water holes

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41
Q

____ is the patterns of learned and shared behaviors and beliefs

A

Culture

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42
Q

The word ‘anthropology’ derived from the Greek anthropos and logos and literally means…

A

The study of humans

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43
Q

The four fields of anthro are physical, linguistic, archaeology, and…

A

Cultural

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44
Q

Some efforts of anthropologists to perserve culture are harmful because they ignore the fact that…

A

Culture change is a major way that people adapt to changing needs

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45
Q

Ethnocentrism is the belief that…

A

Other cultures are inferior to ones own

46
Q

In anthropological theory, postmodernism refers to

A

All of these

47
Q

T or F: We used miners story of nacirema to convey how the exotic language used in ethnography of his day transformed a culture into something that members of that culture may not recognize

A

True

48
Q

Critical cultural relativism asserts____

A

That power differences between people who accept cultural practices should be used to understand cultures

49
Q

A distinguishing feature of anthropology is its _____ approach to the study of human groups

A

Holistic

50
Q

Several aspects of human biology such as our disproportionately large brains and capacity for language seem to be co-evolved with …

A

Culture

51
Q

General learned behavior patterns that are shared by all of humanity are known as…

A

Cultural universals

52
Q

When Caroline shared the story about receiving her _____, we used this in class to demonstration that material culture consists of layers of symbolic meaning that can be shared and learned

A

Silver ring from Amy or Annie

53
Q

A ____ is a statement that suggests a relationship among phenomena and explains that relationship

A

Theory

54
Q

Marx proposed that there are _____ constraints on human agency. An example of this is the inheritance of Wealth or property

A

Material

55
Q

Applied anthropology by definition focuses upon…

A

Solving human problems

56
Q

The anthropological theory that proposed that cultures will progress through phases of savagery and barbarianism ultimately becoming civilization is…

A

Unilineal evolution

57
Q

If your parents encourage you to marry someone of their religion, it would be an example of…

A

Prescribed enculturation

58
Q

Ethnographic that provide ‘thick description’ of culture are valued because they provide

A

Sufficient contextual detail for an understanding of culture

59
Q

Of the human adaptive modalities discussed in lecture, which is the most rapid?

A

Cultural

60
Q

In the ethnography by Margaret Wilson, a guy she picks up in Arembepe ____ when he is convinced that she is american

A

Checks her pockets for cash

61
Q

A kinship relationship based on a blood connection by definition is…

A

Consanguineal

62
Q

Marriage rules that prescribe that one must marry within a group is known as…

A

Endogamy

63
Q

When anthropologists studied Dogon menstrual huts they realized that natural fertility Dogon women have about ______ number of total lifetime menstrual cycles as U.S. Women?

A

One quarter the

64
Q

Why is menarche largely hidden in U.S. culture?

A

Because early reproduction is costly under our industrial or post industrial mode of production

65
Q

Patrilineal descent is found amount approximately ____% of cultures

A

44%

66
Q

In many affluent parts of the U.S. And Brazil cesarean births constitute bed tween 35 and 50% of all births, what is the position of WHO on this?

A

Cesarean section rates over about 10% are elective and pose an increased risk to mother and newborn

67
Q

In Pakistan and other middle eastern countries a common form of cousin marriage is…

A

Patrilateral parallel

68
Q

The type of descent group where two individuals may not be able to trace how they are related by blood; but instead trace their descent to a mythical ancestor is known as

A

Clan

69
Q

Arranged marriages are more stable than choice marriages because…

A

The married individuals do not feel responsible for the marriage choice

70
Q

In a culture followin patrilineal descent and patrilocal residence, girls are infrequently given opportunities for education because they are raised for a role in the…

A

Their husbands fathers household

71
Q

Tibet has polyandryus marriage system in part because

A

Families want to avoid dividing land between brothers

72
Q

According to lecture the Na of South China

A

All of these: do not have fathers, do not have marriage, do have relationships between the men and women who reproduce

73
Q

A _____ is a generally agreed upon standard for how people should interact

A

Norm

74
Q

Hierarchical relationships between different groups is known as

A

Social stratification

75
Q

T or F: One strategy from lecture for D constructing racism is to begin to judge your own behavior based on your own values and in this way replacing ascribed status with achieved status for the allocation of entitlements and privilege

A

True

76
Q

Race is an example of

A

Ascribed status

77
Q

Dunbar’s maximum size of a social network is related to group size among…

A

Foraging bands

78
Q

Typically friendships are based on similarities but in the case of compadrazgo in Bolivia is often used to

A

Assure labor availability of patrons and pay for school needs of zafreros

79
Q

Privileged members of a society are usually ____ of their privilege

A

Unaware of

80
Q

T or F: Chief Andres was responsible for the well-being of his community there for many families were primarily interested in whether or not he had approved the research when completing their informed consent to participate in research

A

True

81
Q

New materials and roles (3)

A

1) collaborative research (Emic and Etic, bias, openness)
2) community involvement (PAR)
3) revitalization of creative solutions to culture and language loss

82
Q

Chinese Dams

A

Use electricity to support international supply making China lose its largest lake, pohang lake

83
Q

World Bank

A

Ceo is an anthropologist

84
Q

Beobab Tree

A

South Africa, FIDO trade, easy to grow and produces hydration

85
Q

Sustainability

A

Looking at the broader connection between ECONOMY, SOCIETY; and the ENVIRONMENT in order to build a disciplined approach to understanding how we might affect change systematically…

86
Q

Agency

A

Choice in directing change (think of women in microcredit)

87
Q

John Bodley

A

There will always be “victims of progress”

88
Q

Critical development

A

Emic directed and sustainable change, continuous. (Think Rita)

89
Q

Traditional development

A

Directed change to achieve improved social welfare

90
Q

The diffusion of innovation (5)

A 
Rogers, 1960's
2.3% innovators 
13.5% early adopters 
34%early majority 
34% late majority
18% laggards
91
Q

Health Literacy

A

60% of us population doesn’t have it!

92
Q

Paul Farmer

A

Partners in Health @Harvard

93
Q

Alcoholism (4)

A

Individual- chemic genetic disease
Microsocial- impacts wife and kids
Intermediate- DUI
Macro social- related to employment and dependence on welfare

94
Q

Structural suffering

A

Human health problems caused by poli and eco problems such as war, famine, terrorism, etc.

95
Q

Medicalization

A

Categorizing a social phenomena as medical (biologically given) to ignore its poli and Eco causes poverty=disease

96
Q

CMA

A

Critical Medical Anthropology

97
Q

CHW

A

Community Health Workers

98
Q

Medical syncretism and 2 ex

A

Integration of traditional and biomedical practices ex) chemo and acupuncture ex) antibiotics and vaccinations

99
Q

Biopiracy

A

The appropriation of indigenous biomedical knowledge by foreign entities without compensatory payment
Ex) Neem Tree in India: pesticide, spermicide, and toothbrush

100
Q

How do you use ethnobotany?

A

Globally: wartimes, poverty, non industrial and medicinal food

101
Q

Ehtnobotany

A

Study of traditional uses of plant resources for healing

102
Q

Kundalini Tantric Yoga

A

India and the U.S.
Western interpretations
Serpent moves through shakras and induce psychosis

103
Q

Boiling Energy

A

!Kung trance dance

Num energy activated in dance

104
Q

Auyahuasca

A

Drug induced states

105
Q

Ethnomedicine

A

Studying the health systems of a particular culture

106
Q

Well-being

A

Holistic quality of life (culture specific)

107
Q

Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental; and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

108
Q

Health Disparities

A

Different outcomes not explained biologically

Native American and black women with breast cancer in Washington

109
Q

Epidemiology “transitions”

A

1) hunting/gathering to primary food production
2) modern times controls infectious diseases and rises chronic and degenerative diseases
3) globalizing disease ecology leads to reemergence and infectious diseases

110
Q

3 theoretical approaches to understanding the health system?

A 
Ecological/epidemiological approach (culture meets nature) 
Interpretivist approach (variety in systems of meaning to describe diseases 
Critical medical anthropology (focus on Eco and poli factors that structure systems)
111
Q

What are human rights?

A

The power, privilege, or material resources to which people everywhere are justify entitled by virtue of being a human

112
Q

Top down approach to human rights

A

BAD! Doesn’t affect culture; that’s what matters!

Cultural Anthropology (1 decks)

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