Final Test Flashcards
0
Q
The ex from lecture where how lose you are expected to stand to others while waiting in line varies between the U.S. And Taiwan is an ex of
A
Proxemics
1
Q
The minimum bits of sound that native speakers recognize as distinct are knowns as…
A
Phonemes
2
Q
The feature of human language known as productivity signifies that a finite set of symbols and rules can be combined into a ____ set of novel messages
A
Infinite
3
Q
What factors led many Latino voters to support prop 227?
A
All of these
4
Q
The phones /p/ and /b/…
A
… Are bilabial plosives
5
Q
The blended “contact” languages that is established when two populations speaking different languages frequently interact is called a
A
Pidgin language
6
Q
Contemporary anthropology proposes that in play people agree to follow the rules of a game and temporarily suspend the rules of life
A
TRUE
7
Q
Linguist estimate that there are between ____ living languages today
A
3,000 and 10,000
8
Q
In linguistic anthropology IPA refers to
A
Charts of the International Phonetic Alphabet
9
Q
The use of Arabic script to phonetically transcribe the phones of Pular, or Wolof is known as
A
Ajami
10
Q
The tagging of a building in downtown can be understood as
A
Art as a form of resistance
11
Q
The textbooks definition of art
A
Refers to processes, products, and transformation of forms in ways that are aesthetically pleasing to members of society
12
Q
The local cultural definition of artistic quality is known as
A
Ethnoesthetics
13
Q
Michaelanfelo transformed rock into human and by calling it David, he ___ his work within durable cultural context that people still understand it
A
Framed
14
Q
The region of the world with the greatest linguistic diversity is…
A
The islands of Indonesia
15
Q
The saying in Zimbabwe that if you walk you can dance, if you talk you can sing, suggest that they have a comparatively open frame defining song and dance when compared to U.S. culture
A
True
16
Q
_____ is a form of thought and language (or symbolizing) that asserts a meaningful link between two expressions from different semantic domains
A
Metaphor
17
Q
The chador is
A
All of the above
18
Q
The Nuer of Sudan subsist mainly via transhumance pastoralism which requires them to track each of their cattle. They historically achieve this by…
A
Complex vocab describing color, pattern and horn configuration
19
Q
When symbols associated with Tony the Tiger are added to a mole; the addition of these images create which type of value?
A
Symbolic value
20
Q
The Navajo use of the swirl in tradition weaving was ended because…
A
The dominant culture of the consumer associated the symbol with another meaning
21
Q
T or F: the Neolithic revolution stimulates a less varied diet
A
True
22
Q
What mode of production have humans used to meet their needs for over 90% of the past?
A
Foraging
23
Q
A CAFO is an efficient model of producing meat, it is based upon…
A
Applying industrial efficiencies to the production of agricultural products
24
Which mode of production depends on crop-forest rotation through a fellow period?
Horticulture
25
_____ typically gain 40-50% of their calories from animal meat and milk and the remainder through trade
Pastoralists
26
The first origins of agriculture developed from
Observations that forest clearing, quality seed or stem selection, and soil augmentation created patchy resources
27
When capital is required for agricultural production, environmental variability in crop productivity (shocks) eventually lead to the ____ of landholdings
Concentrated ownership
28
When consumption is depersonalized what relationships are more likely to occur?
Labor exploitation
29
Based on lecture what percent of U.S. agricultural labor was born in Mexico?
75%
30
A remittance is
Both of these
31
T or F: the natural-supernatural distinction is a cultural universal
False
32
What type of religious organization had full time religious specialists?
Ecclesiastic
33
T or F: contemporary anthropology proposes that, in play people agree to follow the rules of a game, while in religion people choose to believe in the true rules of life
True
34
Anthony Wallace uses to term 'cult' to refer to...
A form of religion having its own set of beliefs, rituals, and goals
35
According to lecture, Durkheim proposed that religion played a central role in
Social cohesion
36
In the past anthropologists proposed that religion developed out of the failure of ___ to explain the world or answer the 'big questions'
Magic
37
According to lecture, Marx proposed that religion could by used by the elite to...
Prevent the poor from taking self interested action against the elite
38
T or F: Based upon the reading by patten, men in the Chewa community of Malawi had to change their cultural values regarding male control of goat ownership, to improve child survival
True
39
According to the textbook; subsistence refers to...
How people grow, harvest, prepare, transport, market and eat food
40
How do pastoralists traditionally claim their land rights?
Through active use of pasture and water holes
41
____ is the patterns of learned and shared behaviors and beliefs
Culture
42
The word 'anthropology' derived from the Greek anthropos and logos and literally means...
The study of humans
43
The four fields of anthro are physical, linguistic, archaeology, and...
Cultural
44
Some efforts of anthropologists to perserve culture are harmful because they ignore the fact that...
Culture change is a major way that people adapt to changing needs
45
Ethnocentrism is the belief that...
Other cultures are inferior to ones own
46
In anthropological theory, postmodernism refers to
All of these
47
T or F: We used miners story of nacirema to convey how the exotic language used in ethnography of his day transformed a culture into something that members of that culture may not recognize
True
48
Critical cultural relativism asserts____
That power differences between people who accept cultural practices should be used to understand cultures
49
A distinguishing feature of anthropology is its _____ approach to the study of human groups
Holistic
50
Several aspects of human biology such as our disproportionately large brains and capacity for language seem to be co-evolved with ...
Culture
51
General learned behavior patterns that are shared by all of humanity are known as...
Cultural universals
52
When Caroline shared the story about receiving her _____, we used this in class to demonstration that material culture consists of layers of symbolic meaning that can be shared and learned
Silver ring from Amy or Annie
53
A ____ is a statement that suggests a relationship among phenomena and explains that relationship
Theory
54
Marx proposed that there are _____ constraints on human agency. An example of this is the inheritance of Wealth or property
Material
55
Applied anthropology by definition focuses upon...
Solving human problems
56
The anthropological theory that proposed that cultures will progress through phases of savagery and barbarianism ultimately becoming civilization is...
Unilineal evolution
57
If your parents encourage you to marry someone of their religion, it would be an example of...
Prescribed enculturation
58
Ethnographic that provide 'thick description' of culture are valued because they provide
Sufficient contextual detail for an understanding of culture
59
Of the human adaptive modalities discussed in lecture, which is the most rapid?
Cultural
60
In the ethnography by Margaret Wilson, a guy she picks up in Arembepe ____ when he is convinced that she is american
Checks her pockets for cash
61
A kinship relationship based on a blood connection by definition is...
Consanguineal
62
Marriage rules that prescribe that one must marry within a group is known as...
Endogamy
63
When anthropologists studied Dogon menstrual huts they realized that natural fertility Dogon women have about ______ number of total lifetime menstrual cycles as U.S. Women?
One quarter the
64
Why is menarche largely hidden in U.S. culture?
Because early reproduction is costly under our industrial or post industrial mode of production
65
Patrilineal descent is found amount approximately ____% of cultures
44%
66
In many affluent parts of the U.S. And Brazil cesarean births constitute bed tween 35 and 50% of all births, what is the position of WHO on this?
Cesarean section rates over about 10% are elective and pose an increased risk to mother and newborn
67
In Pakistan and other middle eastern countries a common form of cousin marriage is...
Patrilateral parallel
68
The type of descent group where two individuals may not be able to trace how they are related by blood; but instead trace their descent to a mythical ancestor is known as
Clan
69
Arranged marriages are more stable than choice marriages because...
The married individuals do not feel responsible for the marriage choice
70
In a culture followin patrilineal descent and patrilocal residence, girls are infrequently given opportunities for education because they are raised for a role in the...
Their husbands fathers household
71
Tibet has polyandryus marriage system in part because
Families want to avoid dividing land between brothers
72
According to lecture the Na of South China
All of these: do not have fathers, do not have marriage, do have relationships between the men and women who reproduce
73
A _____ is a generally agreed upon standard for how people should interact
Norm
74
Hierarchical relationships between different groups is known as
Social stratification
75
T or F: One strategy from lecture for D constructing racism is to begin to judge your own behavior based on your own values and in this way replacing ascribed status with achieved status for the allocation of entitlements and privilege
True
76
Race is an example of
Ascribed status
77
Dunbar's maximum size of a social network is related to group size among...
Foraging bands
78
Typically friendships are based on similarities but in the case of compadrazgo in Bolivia is often used to
Assure labor availability of patrons and pay for school needs of zafreros
79
Privileged members of a society are usually ____ of their privilege
Unaware of
80
T or F: Chief Andres was responsible for the well-being of his community there for many families were primarily interested in whether or not he had approved the research when completing their informed consent to participate in research
True
81
New materials and roles (3)
1) collaborative research (Emic and Etic, bias, openness)
2) community involvement (PAR)
3) revitalization of creative solutions to culture and language loss
82
Chinese Dams
Use electricity to support international supply making China lose its largest lake, pohang lake
83
World Bank
Ceo is an anthropologist
84
Beobab Tree
South Africa, FIDO trade, easy to grow and produces hydration
85
Sustainability
Looking at the broader connection between ECONOMY, SOCIETY; and the ENVIRONMENT in order to build a disciplined approach to understanding how we might affect change systematically...
86
Agency
Choice in directing change (think of women in microcredit)
87
John Bodley
There will always be "victims of progress"
88
Critical development
Emic directed and sustainable change, continuous. (Think Rita)
89
Traditional development
Directed change to achieve improved social welfare
90
The diffusion of innovation (5)
```
Rogers, 1960's
2.3% innovators
13.5% early adopters
34%early majority
34% late majority
18% laggards
```
91
Health Literacy
60% of us population doesn't have it!
92
Paul Farmer
Partners in Health @Harvard
93
Alcoholism (4)
Individual- chemic genetic disease
Microsocial- impacts wife and kids
Intermediate- DUI
Macro social- related to employment and dependence on welfare
94
Structural suffering
Human health problems caused by poli and eco problems such as war, famine, terrorism, etc.
95
Medicalization
Categorizing a social phenomena as medical (biologically given) to ignore its poli and Eco causes poverty=disease
96
CMA
Critical Medical Anthropology
97
CHW
Community Health Workers
98
Medical syncretism and 2 ex
Integration of traditional and biomedical practices ex) chemo and acupuncture ex) antibiotics and vaccinations
99
Biopiracy
The appropriation of indigenous biomedical knowledge by foreign entities without compensatory payment
Ex) Neem Tree in India: pesticide, spermicide, and toothbrush
100
How do you use ethnobotany?
Globally: wartimes, poverty, non industrial and medicinal food
101
Ehtnobotany
Study of traditional uses of plant resources for healing
102
Kundalini Tantric Yoga
India and the U.S.
Western interpretations
Serpent moves through shakras and induce psychosis
103
Boiling Energy
!Kung trance dance
| Num energy activated in dance
104
Auyahuasca
Drug induced states
105
Ethnomedicine
Studying the health systems of a particular culture
106
Well-being
Holistic quality of life (culture specific)
107
Health
A state of complete physical, mental; and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
108
Health Disparities
Different outcomes not explained biologically
| Native American and black women with breast cancer in Washington
109
Epidemiology "transitions"
1) hunting/gathering to primary food production
2) modern times controls infectious diseases and rises chronic and degenerative diseases
3) globalizing disease ecology leads to reemergence and infectious diseases
110
3 theoretical approaches to understanding the health system?
```
Ecological/epidemiological approach (culture meets nature)
Interpretivist approach (variety in systems of meaning to describe diseases
Critical medical anthropology (focus on Eco and poli factors that structure systems)
```
111
What are human rights?
The power, privilege, or material resources to which people everywhere are justify entitled by virtue of being a human
112
Top down approach to human rights
BAD! Doesn't affect culture; that's what matters!
