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Final Test Flashcards

0
Q

Levels of Organization

A

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cells, organelles, molecules, atoms

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1
Q

Characteristics of Life

A 
Growth and Development
All living organisms are made of cells.
Reproduction
Change Over Time
Respond to the Environment
Homeostasis
Energy
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2
Q

Biosphere

A

Everything

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

Living and nonliving in an area

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4
Q

Community

A

Living organisms n a given area

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5
Q

Population

A

One species (all of the rabbits in the woods)

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6
Q

Organism

A

One individual

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7
Q

Organ system

A

Circulatory, skeletal, digestive, excretory, immune

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8
Q

Organ

A

Heart, lungs, liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, intestine

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9
Q

Tissue

A

Muscle, skin

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10
Q

Cells

A

1st living level of organization

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11
Q

Organelles

A

In cells

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12
Q

Molecules

A

Proteins

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13
Q

Atoms

A

Lowest

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14
Q

Herbivores

A

Eat only plants

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15
Q

Carnivores

A

Eat only meat

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16
Q

Omnivores

A

Eat plants and meat

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17
Q

Detritivores

A

Eats dead things (a lot of plants)

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18
Q

Scavengers

A

Eat dead plants

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19
Q

Decomposers

A

Decomposes organic material

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20
Q

Predator

A

Preys on others

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21
Q

Prey

A

Animal being hunted

22
Q

Mutualism

A

Both benefit: bee/flower

23
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits, one is not hurt or helped: buffalo/egret

24
Parasitism
One helped, one hurt: flea/dog
25
Food chain
One pathway
26
Food web
More realistic, shows many intersections and energy
27
Pathway
Shows transfer of energy
28
Density independent factor
A factor that affects the size of a population independent or regardless of the population density.
29
Density Dependent factor
A factor whose effects on the size or growth of population vary with the population density.
30
Immigration
Migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there).
31
Emigration
to emigrate migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another).
32
Cell Theory
All living organisms are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.
33
Prokaryotic
Bacteria, no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, ribosomes, cytoplasm, circular chromosome (DNA)
34
Eukaryotic
Plants animals fungi protists, nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA
35
Plant cells
Cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuoles, eukaryotic, more block like shaped
36
Animal cells
No cell wall, lysosomes, eukaryotic
37
Diffusion
The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration.
38
Osmosis
Passing through a semi permeable membrane
39
Equilibrium
When opposite forces are balanced
40
Endocytosis
The act of taking in matter from the living cell
41
Phagocytosis
The process of engulfing and ingestion of particles by the cell or a phagocyte
42
Pinocytosis
A process of taking in fluid together with its contents into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles, and fuse with lysosomes that hydrolyze or break down contents.
43
Exocytosis
The process in which the cell releases materials to the outside by discharging them as membrane-bounded vesicles passing through the cell membrane.
44
Passive transport
Requires no energy, moves from highs a low concentration, awesome gnosis, diffusion, facilitate diffusion
45
Active transport
Requires energy, moves from low to high concentration (against the concentration gradient), sodium potassium pump, exocytosis, endocytosis: phagocytosis, pinocytosis
46
Sodium potassium pump
The enzyme-based mechanism that maintains correct cellular concentrations of sodium and potassium ions by removing excess ions from inside a cell and replacing them with ions from outside the cell.
47
Photosynthesis
6 CO2 +6 H2O > C6H12O6+6O2
48
Respiration
C6H12O6+6O2 > 6 CO2 +6 H2O + ATP
49
Four types of macromolecules
Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
50
Nucleic acids
Nucleotide (phosphate, 5C sugar, nitrogen base), RNA, DNA
51
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide, carbon hydrogen oxygen
52
Lipids
Triglycerides, oils, fats, waxes, steroids
53
Proteins
Amino acids, DNA carries the code for proteins synthesis, peptide bonds, nitrogen

Biology (8 decks)

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