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Psych 101 - Final > Final Test > Flashcards

Final Test Flashcards

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1
Q

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Everything we do that can be directly observed

A

Behavior

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3
Q

The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experience privately but that cannot be observed directly.

A

Mental Processing

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4
Q

Thoughts

A

Cognition

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5
Q

Emotion

A

Affect

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6
Q

Medical Doctor

A

Psychiatrist

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7
Q

An approach to psychology focusing on unconscious thoughts, the conflict between biological drives and society demand as well as early experiences (Sigmund Freud)

A

Psychodynamic Approach

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8
Q

An approach to psychology focusing on the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and environmental determinants (B.F. Skinner)

A

Behavior Approach

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9
Q

An approach to psychology focusing on the mental processes involved in knowing; how we direct attention, perceive, remember, think, and problem solve.

A

Cognitive Approach

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10
Q

An Approach to psychology focusing on a person’s positive qualities, capacity for positive growth, freedom to chose one’s destiny

A

Humanistic Approach

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11
Q

broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempt to explain certain observations; and make predictions about future observations

A

Theory

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12
Q

An educated guess that derives logically from a theory; a prediction that can be tested

A

Hypothesis

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13
Q

The entire group about which the investigator wants to draw conclusions

A

Population

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14
Q

Subset of the population chosen by investigator for study

A

Sample

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15
Q

Sample that gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected

A

Random Sample

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16
Q

Cause and Effect; carefully regulated procedure in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables that are believed to influence some other variable

A

Experimental Research

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17
Q

Research that examines the relationship between variables, in order to find out whether and how variables change together.

A

Correlation Research

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18
Q

Participants in an experiment who receive the drug or other treatment under study

A

Experimental Group

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19
Q

The participants in an experiment who are as much like the experimental group as possible except they are given a placebo

A

Control Group

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20
Q

In a drug study, a harmless, inert substance, that has no physiological effect

A

Placebo

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21
Q

The bodys electrochemical communication circuitry, made up of billions of neurons - Brain and spinal cord

A

The Nervous System

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22
Q

Chemical substance stored in the sac within the terminal buttons and involves in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron

A

Neurotransmitters

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23
Q

Capacity to repair itself and adaptability - younger has more

A

Plasticity

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24
Q

Nature

A

Biology

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25
Q

Nurture

A

Environment

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26
Q

Temperament: Positive, adapts, specific routine

A

Easy child

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27
Q

Temperament: negative, cries, irregular routine, slow to accept new experiences

A

Difficult child

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28
Q

Temperament: Low activity, inflexible, low intensity of mood, cautious

A

Slow to warm up child

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29
Q

Parenting Style: Restrictive, punitive, strict

A

Authoritarian Parent

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30
Q

Parenting Style: Encourages the child to be independent but still places limits and control (Best)

A

Authoritative Parent

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31
Q

Parenting Style: Lack of parental involvement

A

Neglectful Parent

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32
Q

Parenting Style: few limits and rules

A

Permissive Parent

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33
Q

Erik Erikson’s theory : 5th Stage

A

Identity Vs. Identity Confusion

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34
Q

Children actively construct their cognitive world, using schemas to make sense of their experiences.

A

Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development

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35
Q

Understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.

A

Object Permanence

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36
Q

A belief in the permanence of certain attributes of objects in spite of superficial changes

A

Conservation

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37
Q

Process of receiving stimulus energies from the environment and transforming those energies into neural energy

A

Sensation

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38
Q

Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information so that it makes sense

A

Perception

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39
Q

Minimum amount of stimulus energy a person can detect (detect 50% of the time)

A

Absolute threshold

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40
Q

The detection of information below the level of conscious awareness

A

Subliminal Perception

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41
Q

Awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of arousal, including awareness a of the self and thoughts about one’s experiences

A

Consciousness

42
Q

First Stage of sleep

A

N1 (light sleep)

43
Q

First stage of sleep has what kind of waves?

A

Theta

44
Q

Second stage of sleep

A

N2 (light sleep)

45
Q

Second stage of sleep has what kind of waves?

A

Theta

46
Q

Brief high frequency wave bursts during N2 sleep

A

Sleep spindles

47
Q

Third stage of sleep

A

N3 (deep sleep)

48
Q

What waves occur during N3 sleep?

A

Delta waves

49
Q

Fourth stage of sleep

A

REM Sleep

50
Q

What occurs during REM Sleep

A

Dreaming

51
Q

Sleep disorders occur during what stage of sleep?

A

Stage 3

52
Q

Relaxed waking state

A

Hypnosis

53
Q

Dreams surface content (Dream itself)

A

Manifest Content

54
Q

Dreams hidden content (Interpretation)

A

Latent Content

55
Q

A systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience

A

Learning

56
Q

Learning that occurs when a person observes & imitates another’s behavior

A

Observational Learning

57
Q

Pavlovs dog study

A

Classical Conditioning

58
Q

Consequences Shape Behavior - rat pressing a lever releasing food

A

Operant conditioning - B.F. Skinner

59
Q

The process by which information gets into memory storage

A

Encoding

60
Q

Ways in which information is retained over time and how it is represented in memory

A

Storage

61
Q

The memory process that occurs when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage

A

Retrieval

62
Q

The number of digits one can repeat back in order after a single presentation

A

Memory Span (7+-2)

63
Q

The tendency to recall items at there beginning and at the end of the list more readily than those in the middle

A

Serial Position Effect

64
Q

Form of communication wether spoken, written, or signed that is based on a system of symbols

A

Language

65
Q

When are first words usually spoken?

A

Around 12 months

66
Q

Language is processed in what side of the brain

A

Left-Hemisphere

67
Q

The way in which information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing

A

Cognition

67
Q

Strategies - formulas, instructions (recipe) - Guaranteed solution to a problem

A

Algorithm

67
Q

Shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution but do not guarantee an answer

A

Heuristics

67
Q

The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people; how individuals influence groups & how groups influence individuals

A

Social Psychology

67
Q

Why one personal will help an individual in distress and another will not - Tendency to help others when less people are around

A

Bystander Effect

67
Q

Change in a persons behavior to coincide more closely with a groups standard - Asch’s Experiment

A

Conformity

67
Q

Behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority - Migram’s experiment

A

Obedience

68
Q

all purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, to solve problems, and learn from experience

A

Intelligence

69
Q

Two IQ Tests

A

Stanford Binet & Weschler

70
Q

Individuals mental development - measured age

A

Mental Age

71
Q

Individuals actual age

A

chronological age

72
Q

IQ Formula

A

MA/CA x 100

73
Q

The extent to which a test measures what is intended to measure

A

Validity

74
Q

The extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance

A

Reliability

75
Q

Developing uniformed procedure for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test.

A

Standardization

76
Q

Giftedness

A

IQ of 130 or higher

77
Q

Mental Retardation

A

IQ below 70

78
Q

Average IQ

A

100

79
Q

Motivation based on internal factors

A

Intrinsic motivation

80
Q

Motivation based on external factors

A

Extrinsic motivation

81
Q

Our basic needs must be satisfied before our higher needs can be

A

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

82
Q

Eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

A

Anorexia

83
Q

Eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge purge eating pattern

A

Bulimia

84
Q

Mental disorder which involves a disturbed body image.

A

Body Dysmorphia

85
Q

Obsessed with the idea of not being muscular enough

A

Muscle Dysmorphia

86
Q

Pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.

A

Personality

87
Q

Directly asks people yes/no questions, true or false.

A

Self-Report Tests

88
Q

Presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and then ask them to describe it or tell a story about it

A

Projective Tests

89
Q

Inkblot test

A

Rorschach

90
Q

Series of pictures and asked to tell a story

A

TAT

91
Q

567 items most widely used, true, false, or can not say

A

MMPI

92
Q

Stresses a persons capacity for growth, positive human qualities, and freedom to choose ones destiny

A

Humanistic Approach - Rogers

93
Q

Unconscious minds holds key to understanding, early childhood experiences shape personality, emphasis on sex and pleasure

A

Psychodynamic approach (Freud)

94
Q

The ego pushes unacceptable id impulses out of awareness, back into the unconscious mind

A

Repression

95
Q

The tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

A

Defense mechanisms

96
Q

A young boys intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother

A

oedipus complex

Psych 101 - Final (1 decks)

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