Final Terms/People Flashcards
City as a growth machine
Developed by Molotch and Logan. Refers to the idea that cities are machines whose sole purpose is growth
Diversity
Understanding that each individual is unique and recognizing individual differences
Concentric Zones Model
Developed by Ernest and Burgess that claimed that all metropolitan areas develop in terms of a set of circular areas radiating out from the center of the city. Inhabitants of each zone tend to be similar and different from the those inhabitants in other rings of the city. Two such zones are the warehouse district and zone of commuters
Deindustrialization
The movement of industrial enterprises out of older metropolitan areas during the period after WWII
Ecological footprint
The environmental impact of a city’s resource needs and waste production in terms of a standard measurement of a unit’s influence on its habitat
Edge city
Joel Garreau’s term for clusters of development at the urban periphery that include substantial commercial as well as residential land uses. Usually located along major transportation routes
Environmental justice
A social movement seeking equity in terms of the environment risks and benefits experienced by different groups
Gated community
A residential community surrounded by walls, fences, gates, water, or natural barriers to restrict entry and access. This is where groups of people can seclude themselves from others in the metropolis
Gemeinschaft
Created by Tonnies to refer to community. Depicts the close and intimate relationships between people
Gesellschaft
Used by Tonnies to refer to society. Depicts partial and impersonal relationship
Gentrification
Redevelopment of older residential and/or industrial districts of the metropolis with the intention of bringing more wealth into an urban area. Leads to displacement of older poorer residents
Ghetto
area where members of racial or ethnic minority group are forced to live. These neighborhoods arise because of poverty of residents and discrimination by the dominant group
Growth coalition
A group of individuals and organizations who come together in support of urban growth. includes real estate agents, developers, local government, business owners, etc.
LULU (locally unwanted land use)
Industrial and infrastructure projects that are considered detrimental to neighborhoods where they are located. Ex: jails/prisons, rail yards, etc.
Place attachment
Emotional connections that people feel with places like neighborhoods, buildings, or cities
Primate city
A city that is both the largest in the country and disproportionately larger than the second and lower ranked cities ex: bangkok, thailand
Private space VS public space
Private: space that can be accessed by owners rather than everyone
Public: space that can be accessed by everyone, particularly citizens
Redlining
The systematic denial of mortgages and other forms of lending in minority communities
Streetcar suburbs
Concept invented by Samuel Bass Warner, Jr. to describe communities that developed as a result of streetcars, trams, or rail lines
Suburbanization
Population shift from urban areas to the suburbs
Sustainability
How biological systems endure and remain diverse and productive
Tax Increment Financing
A way to pay for redevelopment without taxing the developer. Property taxes are frozen and incremental tax increases are rolled back into improvements
Uneven development
Unequal spatial development of cities. Older portions are sitting idle and left to decline while newer areas growth is on the outer rings of the city
Urban enclave
Settlements and communities of new immigrants in a country
Urban renewal
Government funded efforts to remake older areas of cities
Urbanization
Process by which a city becomes urbanized
Use value vs exchange value
Use: created by Karl Marx as the use or utility of a thing; residents primary concern regarding their neighborhoods
Exchange: created by Karl Marx as the concept of market value of commodities; the primary interest of real estate developers (price)
Carceal City
The “Carceal City” created by Mike Davis
Drive in Culture
Refers to the automobile that shaped American consciousness and facilitated the creation of enduring cultural icons as a result of the increased mobility it offered
Jane Jacobs
-Wrote “The Death and Life of Great American Cities” (1961)
Confronted common notions of urban development that had drastically altered the American city in the 1950’s cities
Fredrich Tonnies
Talked about the distinction between two ways of life (geminschaft and gesellschaft)
Jacob Riis
Wrote the book “How the Other Half Lives”
- focused on 5 points area of New York City, where immigrants settled after coming to the US
Manuel Castells
- spanish sociologist
- the urban question
- critic of the chicago school
- used a marxian perspective to try to understand everything with urbanism
David Harvey
- a british geographer
- explanation in geography (1971)
- social justice and the city (1973)
- addressed the problem of uneven growth and development
- the right to the city
Robert Moses
Helped with the building of parks, bridges, and highways after WWII
