Final Terms Flashcards
What are the hair regions
Medulla, Cortex, and Cuticle
Medulla
The innermost layer of the hair shaft
Cortex
It gives hair strength and it’s the thickest hair layer which gives hair your pigmentation
Cuticle
The outmost layer of a hair strand it protects the hair
Minutiae
A small precise detail of something
What are the 4 different fingerprint types
Arch, Whorl, Loop, Tented Arch
Heart Rate
How many times your heart beats per minute, the average is 60-100 beats
Respiratory Rate
The frequency of breathing how many breaths you take per minute, normally 12-20 breaths per minute
Trace Evidence
A small type of evidence that is normally hard to see with the bare human eye
Blood pressure
When your blood pushes against the walls of your arteries. There are 2 types, diastolic and systolic. The average is 120/80
Experimental design
Planning a set of procedures to investigate a relationship between two variables
Experiment
A scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or to demonstrate a known fact
Skin Conductivity
The change in heat and electricity passed through the skin by nerves and sweat
Control
The control is something that doesn’t change in the experiment and serves as a base compare to the experiment
Hypothesis
An educated guess
Blood typing
A method to tell what type of blood you have
Antigens
Are what makes our blood
Antibodies
Are what attack the antigens
What is type 0 and type AB antigens and antibodies
Type 0 has no antigens and both type A and B antibodies, Type AB had both antigens and no antibodies
Independent Variable
The variable you manipulate in the experiment because it’s not influenced by another variable
Dependent variable
What is being affected in the experiment, it depends or responds to the independent variable
Platelets
Colorless cell fragments that form our blood to clot to stop the bleeding and prevent you from losing too much blood
Plasma
It takes protein, hormones, and nutrients of our body that need it. Its made out of water and proteins
Red blood cells
They carry oxygen throughout the body
White blood cells
They protect your body against infection
Agglutination
Refers to the clumping of the same types of blood
Parts of our blood
Red blood cells, While blood cells, Plasma, and Platelets
What are the 4 types Nitrogen bases
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Purine Bases
Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine
Thymine and Cytosine
Which Nitrogen Bases Pair
A+T, G+C
DNA sequences
To find the other DNA sequence you pair with the opposite
What are the 5 components of DNA
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base, hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds
What do covalent bonds connect to
They connect the sugar to the phosphate group
What do hydrogen bonds connect to
They connect to the two hydrogen bases together
Nucleotides
Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA
Deoxyribose Sugar
Sugar part of nucleotide and helps form the backbone of DNA
Phosphate
Component of DNA links sugar in DNA
Eukaryotic cells
An organism that possess a clearly defined nucleus they contain membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic Cells
Simpler than Eukaryotic cells and are less complex, prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus
Organelles
A sub cellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell
Nucleus
It’s the cells control center it contains all the genetic material or DNA
What do double rings pair with
Single rings
Glucose
A sugar that is the main source of energy for the body’s cells
Metabolism
Refers to all the chemical reactions and operations going on inside your body
Hormones
Chemical signals that help communicate information inside your body
Electrolytes
Minerals that carry an electric charge and are essential for many bodily fluids
Blood Urea (BUN)
a measurement of the amount of urea nitrogen in your blood
LDL
Type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting cholesterol to the cells
HDL
Type of lipoprotein responsible for removing excess cholesterol from the blood stream and transporting it to the liver
Plaque
An abnormal patch of tissue on a body part, a flat growth form, and a fatty deposit in an artery
Risk factors for developing Heart disease
High blood pressure, high cholesterol, poor diet, smoking, not enough exercise
Whats the Job of a phlebotomist
To draw blood from patients who require testing as well as blood donors
Systolic
The pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts, measures blood pressure when the heart pumps. (less than 120 to be healthy)
Diastolic
Measures the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats
What tool to examine ear
Otoscope
Tools for examining nose
Otoscope
Tool for examining eye
Ophthalmoscope
Tool for examining throat
Otoscope
Dermatologist
A medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions
What are your Vital Signs
Pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, height, weight, BMI, lung sounds, Oxygen Saturation, Body temp.
Medical History
A record of information about a patients past and current health
Chief Complaint
The patients description of what they feel is their main health problem
Physical Signs
Pieces of evidence that indicate an illness that can be observed externally (rash, coughing)
Symptoms
Any subjective evidence of disease a patient perceives, such as nausea, aches, or fatigue
Homeostasis
The way the body sustains a stable internal environment
Chromosomes
Structure of nucleic acid and proteins found in the nucleus, humans have 46 chromosomes
Polymerase Chain Reaction
A process that produces multiple copies of DNA of a small strand (used to multiply small amounts of DNA, which can be helpful in a crime scene)
Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that identify, bind to the target sequences of DNA and cut that specific sequence from the DNA molecule (the scissors)
Restriction Digest
The process in which DNA is cut in specific parts dedicated by the surrounding DNA sequence
Recognition Site
The site recognized by a restriction enzyme to cleave DNA, these sites are located on a DNA molecule containing specific sequences of nucleotides
Livor Mortis
Is when blood settles or collects on the parts of the body facing down, a blueish color seen on the skin where the blood pools are
Rigor Mortis
Is when after the body dies the muscles stiffen. This happens 2-4 hours after death
Algo mortis
Is the change in the body temperature postmortem, the cooling or the body after death
Toxicology
Is the field of science that studies the effects of chemicals
Physical digestion
The mechanical act of breaking down food into smaller parts like when you chew
Chemical digestion
Your body’s use of acid and enzymes to break down food into smaller molecules
How does food travel
Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Histology
The study of the microscope structures of tissues
Levels of organization
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Frontal lobe
Helps control thinking organization, planning, short term memory, and movement
Parietal Lobe
Helps interpret feeling, sensory information
Occipital Lobe
Process images from your eyes
Temporal lobe
Process information from your five senses and stores long term memory
Nervous tissue
Works to receive, interpret, and respond to signals. Spinal cord and brain are composed of this tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Works to absorb, secrete, protect, and sense for us, can be found in lining the other surfaces of all organs and tissues
Muscle Tissue
Attached to bones and provides the ability to contract
Connective tissue
Holds organs in place, attach muscle to bone and enable other tissues to stretch
Symptoms of a concussion
Headache, dizziness, Nausea, ringing in the ears, double vision, vomiting, sensitive to lights and noise
Pulmonary Circulation
Moves blood between the heart and lungs and transports deoxygenated blood
Systemic Circulation
Moves blood between heart and the rest of the body and transports oxygenated blood
Left side of the heart pumps
Oxygenated blood
Right side pumps
Deoxygenated blood
Central nervous system
Includes brain and spinal cord and is responsible for receiving, processing, and responding to sensory information
Peripheral Nervous
Includes all the joints and nerves in the body and controls bodily functions and regulates glands
Chambers of the heart
Right atrium and left atrium, right ventricular and left ventricular
Vessels of the heart
Inferior and superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, root of aorta
Valves
Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic
Too measure height
Measuring tape
To measure weight
Scale
To calculate BMI
Calculator
To measure Blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer and blood pressure cuff
To measure Oxygen Saturation
Pulse oximeter
To measure Temperature
Thermometer
To measure lung sounds
Stethoscope
Results of an eyes test
Means you can see form 20 feet away over what most people can see however many feet away
Gel electrophoresis
A technique used to separate fragments according to their size, the DNA fragments will move to the positive electrode since DNA is negatively charged
Charges of DNA and gel
DNA is negatively charged and will migrate to the positively charged electrode, shorter DNA strands move faster thought the gel than larger ones
