Final Terms

Question 1

Motherwork

Answer 1

“The working for the physical survival of children and community” while also focusing on instilling positive racial identity within children who live within environments that view and treat people of color negatively. (Udel)

Question 2

Eugenics

Answer 2

The belief that the human race can be ‘improved’ through selective breeding; linked to racism and able-bodyism. (Kirk and Okazawa-Rey)

Question 3

Able-bodyism

Answer 3

Attitudes, actions, and institutional practices that subordinate people with disabilities.

Question 4

Gender Regime

Answer 4

“The current state of play of gender relations in [an] institution.” Gender regime is “understood by analyzing the gender divisions of labor and power in [an] organization” and seeing how people’s actions and discourse are perpetually creating gender regimes.

Question 5

Gendered Division of Labor

Answer 5

“A division of duties between men and women under which women have the main responsibility for home and nurturing and men are mainly active in the public sphere.”

Question 6

Self-objectification

Answer 6

To see or treat oneself as an object, which often leads to negative consequences including, shame, anxiety, and self-disgust.

Question 7

Political Efficacy

Answer 7

The idea that your voice matters in politics and that you can bring about change in politics
(Caroline Hedlman, MissRepresentation)

Question 8

Symbolic Annihilation

Answer 8

Symbolic representations that conveys to viewers that a particular kind of person or social characteristic is condemned or trivialized, or the person or characteristic is simply absent.

Question 9

Discursive Formation

Answer 9

Using discourse to produce culturally located meanings—usually what is accepted as “reality.” Discursive formations reinforce already existing identities within dominant discourse such as sexuality, gender, class, or status, which are then (re)used to reinforce existing systems. (Foucault)

Question 10

Capitalism

Answer 10

An economic system in which most of the capital—property, raw materials, and the means of production—and goods produced are controlled by individuals or groups—capitalists. The goal of production is to maximize profit making.

Question 11

Neoliberalism

Answer 11

Economic philosophy and policies that call for the freedom of business to operate with minimal interference from governments, international organizations, or labor unions. Basic tenets include the rule of the market, free trade, economic deregulation, privatization of government-owned industries, reduction of social welfare spending, and belief in individual responsibility rather than valuing community and public good.

Question 12

Cultural Capital

Answer 12

Different from strict economic capital, cultural capital is the exchange and accumulation of cultural goods relating to the body (i.e. a suntan) and mind (knowledge), institutional forms (i.e. educational qualifications), and objects (i.e. books). Cultural capital does not work in isolation of economic capital or social capital, but it is relational. Understanding it helps us critique the idea that educational success depends soley on intelligence and aptitude. (Bordieu)

Question 13

Upwardly Mobile

Answer 13

Moving to a higher social class, usually acquiring wealth and status (OED)

Question 14

Gendered Homophobia

Answer 14

Contemptuous acts, attitudes, and speaking against gays or lesbians but that target only one gender. (C.J. Pascoe)

Question 15

Comparable Worth

Answer 15

A method of evaluating jobs that are traditionally defined as men’s work or women’s work—in terms of the knowledge and skills required for a particular job; the mental demands or decision making involved; the accountability or degree of supervision involved; and working conditions—so as to eliminated inequiteis in pay based on gender.

Question 16

Cultural Appropriation

Answer 16

Taking possession of specific aspects of another group’s culture in gratuitous, inauthentic ways. A particularly egregious form involves using another group’s culture to make money.

Question 17

International Division of Labor

Answer 17

A division of work between rich and poor countries under which low-waged workers in the global South do assembly, manufacturing, and office work on contract to companies based in the global North.

Question 18

Glass Ceiling

Answer 18

An unseen barrier to women’s promotion to senior positions in the workplace. Women can see the senior positions in their workplaces, but few women reach them because of negative attitudes toward senior women and low perceptions of their abilities and training. This barrier may also be based on race/ethnicity.

Question 19

Glass Escalator

Answer 19

An effect that describes men’s consistent advantage in the workplace in enjoying higher wages and faster promotion, even in jobs where they are the numerical minority. The glass escalator effect, however, changes in regards to men of color.

Question 20

Subversive

Answer 20

Seeking or intending to subvert an established system or institution. (OED)

Question 21

Imperialism

Answer 21

The process of domination of one nation over other nations that are deemed inferior for the purposes of exploiting their human and natural resources, to consolidate its power and wealth. An empire is able to draw resources from many nations and to use their institutions and territory in its interest.

Question 22

Gender Expression

Answer 22

the ways in which people externally communicate their gender identity to others through behavior, clothing, haircut, voice, and other forms of presentation. Gender expression should not be viewed as an indicator of sexual orientation.

Question 23

Gender Fluidity

Answer 23

A flexible range of gender expression, with interests and behaviors that may even change from day to day.

Question 24

Cisgender

Answer 24

refers to people whose sex assignment at birth corresponds to their gender identity and expression.

Question 25

Gender Identity

Answer 25

one’s innermost concept of self as male or female or both or neither—how individuals perceive themselves and what they call themselves. One’s gender identity can be the same or different than the sex assigned at birth. Individuals are conscious of this between the ages 18 months and 3 years. Most people develop a gender identity that matches their biological sex. For some, however, their gender identity is different from their biological or assigned sex. Some of these individuals choose to socially, hormonally and/or surgically change their sex to more fully match their gender identity.

Question 26

Transgender

Answer 26

sometimes used as an umbrella to describe anyone whose identity or behavior falls outside of stereotypical gender norms. More narrowly defined, it refers to an individual whose gender identity does not match their assigned birth gender. Being transgender does not imply any specific sexual orientation (attraction to people of a specific gender.) Therefore, transgender people may additionally identify as straight, gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

Question 27

DSD/Intersex

Answer 27

(Differences of Sexual Development/Intersex) About 1% of children are born with chromosomes, hormones, genitalia and/or other sex characteristics that are not exclusively male or female as defined by the medical establishment in our society. In most cases, these children are at no medical risk, but most are assigned a biological sex (male or female) by their doctors and/or families.