Final Terms Flashcards
Nationalism
Identification with and devotion to the interests of one’s nation. It usually involves a large group of people who share a national identity and often a language, culture, or ancestry.
Demand-Side Economics
Keynesian economists believe that the primary factor driving economic activity and short-term fluctuations is the demand for goods and services. The theory is sometimes called demand-side economics.
This perspective is at odds with classical economic theory, or supply-side economics, which states that the production of goods or services, or supply, is of primary importance in economic growth.
Supply-Side Economics
Age of Nationalism
Late 1800s to early 1900, rise of nationalism in the international system
Populism
A political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.
30 Years war
The 1618 to 1648 Thirty Years’ War[l] is generally considered to be one of the most destructive wars in European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a direct result, while some areas of Germany experienced population declines of over 50%
Decolonization
the undoing of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby a nation establishes and maintains its domination of foreign territories, often overseas territories.
Iroquois Confederacy
League of 5 Nations
Hegemony
The holding by one state of a preponderance of power in the international system so that it can single-handedly dominate the rules and arrangements by which international political and economic relations are conducted.
Cold war
The hostile relations – punctuated by occasional periods of improvement, or detente – between the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, from 1945 to 1990.
Proxy Wars
Wars in the third world – often civil wars – in which the United States and the Soviet Union jockeyed for position by supplying and advising opposing factions.
Dependency Theory
A Marxist-oriented theory that explains the lack of capital accumulation in the third world as a result of the interplay between domestic class relations and the forces of foreign capital.
is of the notion that resources flow from a “periphery” of poor and underdeveloped states to a “core” of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former. It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the “world system”.
Marxism
A branch of socialism that emphasizes exploitation and class struggle and includes both communism and other approaches
Comprador Class
Governments of core countries support the
governments and local elites in the periphery
that want to keep the structure intact (the
“comprador” class)
Economic Base
Economic base refers to the industries that contribute a large percentage of jobs and earnings to a local region. Aside from producing in-region income, they often bring in outside revenue as well, which helps to grow the region’s economy.
Political Superstructure
The superstructure refers to society’s other relationships and ideas not directly relating to production including its culture, institutions, political power structures, roles, rituals, religion, media, and state.
World Systems Theory
World-systems theory (also known as world-systems analysis or the world-systems perspective) is a multidisciplinary approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system (and not nation states) as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis.
(Core-Semi Periphery-Periphery)
NATO
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) a US led military alliance, formed in 1949 with mainly Western European members, to oppose and deter Soviet power in Europe. It is currently expanding into the former Soviet bloc. See also Warsaw pact.
Warsaw Pact
A Soviet led Eastern European military alliance founded in 1955 and disbanded in 1991. It opposed the NATO alliance.
Lenin’s theory of Imperialism
Lenin’s theory of imperialism revolves primarily around the systematic exploitation of the poor economies by monopoly capital based principally in the rich economies.
Geopolitics
The use of geography as an element of power, and the ideas about it held by political leaders and scholars.
Cuban Missile Crisis
(1962) A superpower crisis, sparked by the Soviet Union’s installation of medium-range nuclear missiles in Cuba, that marks the moment when the United States and the Soviet Union came closest to nuclear war.
The Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain is a term describing the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.
Core Countries
Core countries are the wealthy and robust nations which support all the other sub-periphery and periphery nations. These are industrialized capitalist nations which control the world market while benefiting the most. Core nations are the wealthy nations with vast resources which are favorably positioned as compared to the others. They have powerful world political alliances, military power, and strong state institutions.
Peripheral Countries
Periphery countries lie at the opposite of the economic scale from core countries. They are the least-developed countries compared to the core and semi-periphery countries, and are usually low-income or middle-income countries which receive a disproportionately small share of global wealth.
Underdevelopment
Core countries have a vested interest in keeping
peripheral countries underdeveloped (in terms of
industrial manufacturing)
• The term “underdevelopment” is different than
“undeveloped” or “developing” because it implies that
core forces are actively keeping peripheral countries
underdeveloped
Salvador Allende
Chile’s first socialist president. Opposed World System theory 1908-1973, President from 1970 to 1973 where he was killed in a military coup
(See Dependency Theory and World systems Theory )
Raul Prebisch
(April 17, 1901 – April 29, 1986) was an Argentine economist known for his contributions to structuralist economics such as the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis, which formed the basis of economic dependency theory.
Dirty Wars
a war conducted by the military or secret police of a regime against revolutionary and terrorist insurgents and marked by the regime’s use of kidnapping, torture, and murder, with members of the civilian population often the victims.
