Final Terms Flashcards
the amount of labor hours required to carry out specified maintenance tasks.
The prime document raised by user departments requesting the initiation of a maintenance task. This is usually converted to a work order after the work request has been authorized for completion.
Workload-
Work Request-
The prime document used by the maintenance function to manage maintenance tasks. It may include such as a description of the work required, the task priority, the job procedure to be followed, the parts, materials, tools and equipment required to complete the job, the labor hours, costs and materials consumed in completing the task, as well as key information on failure causes, what work was performed etc.
Work Order-
the process of monitoring the condition of equipment, and the diagnosis of faults in equipment through the measurement and analysis of vibration within that equipment. Typically conducted through hand-held or permanently positioned accelerometers placed on key measurement points on the equipment. Commonly used on most large items of rotating equipment, such as turbines, centrifugal pumps, motors, gearboxes etc.
Vibration Analysis - -
a systematic approach to assessing and analyzing the user’s requirements of a new asset, and ensuring that those requirements are met, but not exceeded. Consists primarily of eliminating perceived “non-value-adding” features of new equipment.
Value Engineering-
the proportion of available time that an item of equipment is operating. Calculated by dividing equipment operating hours by equipment available hours. Generally expressed as a percentage
Utilization -
- the maximum length of time that a component can be left in service, before it will start to experience a rapidly increasing probability of failure. The Useful Life determines the frequency with which a Scheduled Restoration or a Scheduled Discard task should be performed. Note that for the concept of the Useful Life of a component to hold true, components must, at some consistent point in time, experience a rapidly increasing probability of failure. Research in the airline industry showed that, in this industry at least, this was only true for of the components in modern aircraft.
Useful Life
strangely enough, the opposite of downtime. Itis defined as being the time that an item of equipment is in service and operating.
Uptime -
any maintenance work that has not been included on an approved Maintenance Schedule prior to its commencement.
Unscheduled Maintenance -
any maintenance activity for which a pre-determined job procedure has not been documented, or for which all labor, materials, tools, and equipment required to carry out the task have been not been estimated, and their availability assured before commencement of the task.
Unplanned Maintenance -
The composite of all considerations needed to assure the effective and economical support of a system throughout its programmed life-cycle.
ToSS = Total System Support (ToSS) -
the process of monitoring the condition of equipment through the analysis of properties of its lubricating and other oils. Typically conducted through the measurement of particulates in the oil, or the measurement of the chemical composition of the oil (Spectographic Oil Analysis). Commonly used for monitoring the condition of large gearboxes, engines and transformers, amongst other applications.
Tribology -
Alternative to Craftsperson. A skilled maintenance worker who has typically been formally trained through an apprenticeship program.
Tradesperson -
a company-wide equipment management program, with its origins in Japan, emphasizing production operator involvement in equipment maintenance, and continuous improvement approaches. Numerous books have been written on the subject, including Nakajimals authoritative introduction, and a more recent Western hemisphere update by Willmott.
TPM = Total Productive Maintenance -
an integrated approach (yet to be developed!) to Asset Management which incorporates elements such as Reliability Centered Maintenance, Total Productive Maintenance, Design for Maintainability, Design for Reliability, Value Engineering, Life Cycle Costing, Probabilistic Risk Assessment and others, to arrive at the optimum Cost-Benefit-Risk asset solution to meet any given production requirements.
Total Asset Management-
the process of monitoring the condition of equipment through the measurement and analysis of heat. Typically conducted through the use of infra-red cameras and associated software. Commonly used for monitoring the condition of high voltage insulators and electrical connections, as well as for monitoring the condition of refractory in furnaces and boilers, amongst other applications.
Thermography -
The prime document raised by user departments authorising the issue of specific materials, parts, supplies or equipment from the store or warehouse.
the application of managerial, financial, engineering and other skills to extend the operational life of, and increase the efficiency of, equipment and machinery.
Stores Requisition -
Terotechnology -
the issue and/or delivery of parts and materials from the store or warehouse.
Stores Issue -
a work order that is left open either indefinitely or for a pre-determined period of time for the purpose of collecting labor hours, costs and/or history for tasks for which it has been decided that individual work orders should not be raised. Examples would include Standing Work Orders raised to collect time spent at Safety Meetings, or in general housekeeping activities.
Standing Work Order-
A Work Order stored in the CMMS which contains all the necessary information required to perform a maintenance task. (see also Model Work Order)
small and/or routine and repetitive tasks covered on work orders that typically remain open for an extended period of time (annually).
Standard Job-
Standing/blanket Work —
Maintenance that can only be performed while equipment is shutdown
Shutdown Maintenance -
that period of time when equipment is out of service.
Shutdown -
a term used in Reliability Centered Maintenance. The secondary functionality required of an asset- generally not associated with the reason for acquiring the asset, but now that the asset has been acquired, the asset is now required to provide this functionality. For example a secondary function of a pump may be to ensure that all of the liquid that is pumped is contained within the pump (i.e. the pump doesn’t leak). An asset may have tens or hundreds of secondary functions associated with it.
Secondaly Function -
Any additional damage to equipment, above and beyond the initial failure mode, that occurs as a direct consequence of the initial failure mode.
Secondary Damage -
a Work Order that has been planned and included on an approved Maintenance Schedule.
Scheduled Work Order-
a maintenance task to restore a component at a specified, predetermined frequency, regardless of the condition of the component at the time of its replacement. An example would be the routine overhaul of a slurry pump every 1,000 operating hours. The frequency with which a Scheduled Restoration task should be performed is determined by the Useful Life of the component.
Scheduled Restoration Task -
the time during which an asset is scheduled to be operating, according to a long-term production schedule.
Scheduled Operating Time -
a maintenance task to replace a component with a new component at a specified, pre-determined frequency, regardless of the condition of the component at the time of its replacement. An example would be the routine replacement of the oil filter on a motor vehicle every 6,000 miles. The frequency with which a Scheduled Discard task should be performed is determined by the Useful Life of the component.
Scheduled Discard Task -
any maintenance work that has been planned and included on an approved Maintenance Schedule.
Scheduled Maintenance-
one of the Key Performance Indicators often used to monitor and control maintenance. Itis defined as the number of Scheduled Work Orders completed in a given time period (normally one week), divided by the total number of Scheduled Work Orders that should have been completed during that period, according to the approved Maintenance
Schedule for that period. Itis normally expressed as apercentage, and will always be less than or equal to 100%. The closer to 100%, the better the performance for that time period.
Schedule Compliance -
a failure has safety consequences if it causes a loss of function or other damage that could hurt or kill someone.
Safety Consequences -
an Equipment Maintenance Strategy, where no routine maintenance tasks are performed on the equipment. The only maintenance performed on the equipment is Corrective Maintenance, and then only after the equipment has suffered a failure. Also described as a No Scheduled Maintenance strategy.
Run-to-Failure- No Scheduled Maintenance-
any maintenance task that is performed at a regular, predefined interval.
Routine Maintenance Task -
a term often used in the maintenance of heavy mobile equipment. A ratable component is one which, when it has failed, or is about to fail, is removed from the asset and a replacement component is installed in its place. The component that has been removed is then repaired or restored, and placed back in the maintenance store or warehouse, ready for re-issue.
Rotable -
is a systematic process whereby failures are analyzed, usually by a cause and effect methodology, to determine the underlying root causes.
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) —
The potential for the realization of the unwanted, negative consequences of an event. The product of conditional probability of an event, and the event outcomes.
Risk -
an accounting term. Lees not get into a lengthy discussion of the relative merits of various accounting standards, how assets should be valued (book value, replacement value, depreciation rates and methods etc.), and differences between tangible and intangible assets. This is the stuff that accountants have wet dreams over, but not maintenance engineers. In practical terms, as it impacts on maintenance, Return on Assets is the profit attributable to a particular plant or factory, divided by the amount of money invested in plant and equipment at that plant or factory. Itis normally expressed as a percentage. As such, it is roughly equivalent (in principle- please excuse the pun!) to the interest rate that you get on money invested in the bank, except that in this case the money is invested in plant and equipment.
Return on Assets -
any activity which returns the capability of an asset that has not failed to a level of performance equal to, or greater than, that specified by its Functions, but not greater than its original maximum capability. Not to be confused with a modification or a repair.
Restoration -
any activity which returns the capability of an asset that has failed to a level of performance equal to, or greater than, that specified by its Functions, but not greater than its original maximum capability. An activity which increases the maximum capability of an asset is a modification.
Repair-
a staff function whose prime responsibility is to ensure that maintenance techniques are effective, that equipment is designed and modified to improve maintainability, that ongoing maintenance technical problems are investigated, and appropriate corrective and improvement actions are taken. Used interchangeably with Plant Engineering and Maintenance Engineerina.
Reliability Engineering - -
the capability of an asset to continue to perform its intended functions. Normally measured by Mean Time Between Failures
Reliability -
a term which, in Reliability Centered Maintenance, means any one-off intervention to enhance the capability of a piece of equipment, ajob procedure, a management system or people’s skills
Redesign -
Used in relation to mobile equipment. Equipment which is available, but not being utilized
Ready Line-
A structured process, originally developed in the airline industry, but now commonly used in all industries to determine the equipment maintenance strategies required for any physical asset to ensure that it continues to fulfil its intended functions in its present operating context. A number of books have been written on the subject, but none better than Moubray’s book, RCM Il.
unplanned maintenance activities; usually performed in response to an equipment failure.
RCM = Reliability Centered Maintenance-
Reactive Maintenance -
used in the calculation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness. The proportion of the output from a machine or process which meets required product quality standards. Normally specified as a percentage.
Quality Rate -
The prime document raised by an organization, and issued to an external supplier, ordering specific materials, parts, supplies, equipment or services.
Purchase Order -
The prime document raised by user departments authorizing the purchase of specific materials, parts, supplies, equipment or services from external suppliers.
Purchase Requisition -
Similar to Probabilistic Risk Assessment, except focused solely on Safety related risks.
PSA = Probabilistic Safety Assessment-
the estimated cost to replace the planes current production and support facilities in current monetary value. Does not include property value.
PRV — Plant replacement value;
Devices and assets intended to eliminate or reduce the consequences of equipment failure. Some examples include standby plant and equipment, emergency systems, safety valves, alarms, trip devices, and guards.
Protective Device -
Any tasks used to predict or prevent equipment failures.
Proactive Maintenance -
the relative importance of a task in relation to other tasks. Used in scheduling work orders.
Priority -
a term used in Reliability Centered Maintenance.t he reason the asset was acquired.
For example it is likely that the primary function of a pump is to pump a specified liquid at a specified rate against a specified head of pressure.
Primary Function -
A “top-down” approach used to apportion risk to individual areas of plant and equipment, and possibly to individual assets so as to achieve an overall target level of risk for a plant, site or organization. These levels of risk are then used in risk-based techniques, such as Reliability Centered Maintenance and Hazop, to assist in the development of appropriate equipment maintenance strategies, and to identify required equipment modifications.
PRA = Probabilistic Risk Assessment-
a term used in Reliability Centered Maintenance. An identifiable condition which indicates that a functional failure is either about to occur, or in the process of occuning.
Potential Failure -
an equipment maintenance strategy based on replacing, overhauling or remanufacturing an item at a fixed interval, regardless of its condition at the time. Scheduled Restoration tasks and Scheduled Discard tasks are both examples of Preventive Maintenance tasks.
PM = Preventive Maintenance -
a staff function whose prime responsibility is to ensure that maintenance techniques are effective, that equipment is designed and modified to improve maintainability, that ongoing maintenance technical problems are investigated, and appropriate corrective and improvement actions are taken. Used interchangeably with Maintenance Engineering and Reliability Engineering.
Plant Engineering - -
any maintenance activity for which a pre-determined job procedure has been documented, for which all labor, materials, tools, and equipment required to carry out the task have been estimated, and their availability assured before commencement of the task.
Planned Maintenance -
Scheduling tool which shows in flow chart format the interdependencies between project activities.
PERT Chart = Project Evaluation & Review Technique (PERT) Chart-
the percentage of total work (in labor hours) performed in a given time period which has been planned in advance.
Percent Planned Work -
an equipment maintenance strategy based on measuring the condition of equipment in order to assess whether it will fail during some future period, and then taking appropriate action to avoid the consequences of that failure. The condition of equipment could be monitored using Condition Monitoring, Statistical Process Control techniques, by monitoring equipment performance, or through the use of the Human Senses. The terms Condition Based Maintenance, On-Condition Maintenance and Predictive Maintenance can be used interchangeably
`PdM= Predictive Maintenance -
a term used in Reliability Centered Maintenance. The time from when a Potential Failure can first be detected on an asset or component using a selected Predictive Maintenance task, until the asset or component has failed. Reliability Centered Maintenance principles state that the frequency with which a Predictive Maintenance task should be performed is determined solely by the P-F Interval.
Potential-Failure Interval-
a comprehensive examination and restoration of an asset to an acceptable condition.
Overhaul -
