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Speech Science Final > Final Terminology > Flashcards

Final Terminology Flashcards

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0
Q

Driving pressure

A

Difference between high and low pressure areas that causes air to flow between these areas.

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1
Q

Flow

A

Movement of a particular volume of air during an interval of time.

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2
Q

Laminar flow

A

Flow of air in which molecules move in a parallel manner at the same speed.

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3
Q

Turbulent flow

A

Irregular flow with random variations in pressure.

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4
Q

Volume

A

Amount of space occupied by something in three dimensions

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5
Q

Volume velocity

A

Rate of flow

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6
Q

Density

A

Number of something per unit of space

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7
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Law that states a volume varies inversely with pressure, given a constant temperature

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8
Q

Compression

A

Area of positive pressure

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9
Q

Rarefaction

A

Area of negative pressure

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10
Q

Elasticity

A

Restoring force that brings an object back to its original size, shape, or position, after being displaced or deformed

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11
Q

Inertia

A

Tendency of matter to remain at rest or in motion unless acted on by an outside force

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12
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

Restoring force is proportionate to the distance of displacement and acts in the opposite direction.

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13
Q

Amplitude

A

Amount of displacement of an object from its rest position

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14
Q

Reflection

A

Wave that collides with a surface and travels back toward the source.

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15
Q

Interference

A

Combining of waves in terms of areas of high and low pressure

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16
Q

Constructive interference

A

Waves that combine and increase the amplitude of the resulting wave

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17
Q

Destructive interference

A

Waves that combine and decrease the amplitude of the resulting wave

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18
Q

Phase

A

Relative timing of compressions and rarefactions of waves.

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19
Q

Reverberation

A

Process generating a sound that lasts slightly longer due to interaction of incident and reflected waves

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20
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A

A smooth back and forth movement with a characteristic pattern of acceleration through the rest position and deceleration at the end points of the movement

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21
Q

Pure tone

A

Sound with only one frequency

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22
Q

Complex sound

A

Sound with two or more frequencies

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23
Q

Fundamental frequency (Fo)

A

Lowest frequency of a complex periodic sound

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24
Q

Fourier analysis

A

Mathematical procedure to identify the individual sinusoids in a complex sounds

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25
Q

Spectrum

A

Graph with frequency on the horizontal axis and amplitude on the vertical axis; line spectrum represents periodic sounds, continuous spectrum represents aperiodic sounds

26
Q

Sinusoid

A

Pure tone with a sinusoidal shape on a waveform

27
Q

Line spectrum

A

Graph in which the frequencies in a complex periodic sound are depicted as vertical lined. The height of the line indicates the amplitude of the component frequency.

28
Q

Logarithmic scale

A

Scale in which successive units increase by increasing amounts

29
Q

Ratio scale

A

Scale that describes relationships between quantities

30
Q

Threshold of hearing

A

Sound that a normal pair of hearing ears can detect 50% of the time under ideal listening conditions

31
Q

Threshold of pain

A

Intensity level of 130dB, which causes a sensation of pain in the ears.

32
Q

Average Fo/SFF(speaking fundamental frequency)

A

Infants: 350-500Hz
Male and female age 3-10: 270-300Hz
Male age 20+: 120Hz
Female age 20+: 220Hz

33
Q

Resonant frequency

A

Frequency at which an object vibrates depending on its physical characteristics

34
Q

Mechanical resonator

A

Resonator that does not contain a body of air

35
Q

Acoustic resonator

A

Air filled container in which the air is forced to vibrate in response to another vibration

36
Q

Bandwidth

A

Range of frequencies that a resonator will transmit

37
Q

Damping

A

Decrease in amplitude

38
Q

Wave front

A

Outermost area of the sound wave propagating spherically through the air

39
Q

Waveform

A

Graph with time on horizontal axis and amplitude on vertical axis

40
Q

Frequency

A

Rate of vibration of an object

41
Q

Period

A

Amount of time consumed by each cycle in a wave

42
Q

Periodic

A

Wave in which each cycle takes same amount of time to occur

43
Q

Aperiodic

A

Wave in which cycles do not take the same amount of time to occur

44
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance covered by one complete cycle of a wave

45
Q

Incident wave

A

Sound wave generated by a vibrating object

46
Q

Absorption

A

Damping of a wave

47
Q

Envelope

A

One that connects the frequencies of a complex sound represented on a spectrum

48
Q

Subsonic

A

Frequencies below the range of human hearing

49
Q

Supersonic

A

Frequencies above the range of human hearing

50
Q

Phon scale

A

Psychophysical scale; phons are the unit of loudness

51
Q

Linear scale

A

Scale in which successive units increase by the same amount

52
Q

Formants

A

Resonances of the vocal tract; frequency areas of acoustic energy in vowels and other resonant sounds

53
Q

Resonator

A

Object that vibrates in response to another vibration. Can be mechanical or acoustic.

54
Q

Cutoff frequency

A

Frequency at which a resonant system is unresponsive

55
Q

Resonance curve

A

Graph displaying the frequency response of a resonant system

56
Q

Transfer function

A

Same as resonance curve (graph displaying the frequency response of a resonance system)

57
Q

Center frequency

A

Same as natural or resonant frequency (frequency at which an object vibrates depending on its physical characteristics

58
Q

Cutoff frequency

A

Frequency at which a resonant system is unresponsive

59
Q

Attenuation rate

A

Rate in decibels per octave in which a resonators amplitude of response is attenuated

60
Q

Low pass filter

A

Resonator that transmits acoustic energy below a specific upper cutoff frequency

61
Q

High pass filter

A

Resonator that transmits acoustic energy above a specific lower cutoff frequency

62
Q

Band pass filter

A

Resonator that transmits acoustic energy in range of frequencies between an upper and lower cutoff frequency.

Speech Science Final (1 decks)

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