Final Systemic, Nutrinonal, Metabloic Flashcards by Jacob Langston

Way to catergoize the abnorma

Catbites
Arthritis
Trauma
Blood
Infection
Tumor
Endocrine
Soft Tissue

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This is the MC etiology

Osteoenia

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This is when bone resoprtion exceeds bone fromation

Osteopenia

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After 35, bone mass decreases due to

reduced osteoblastic differentiation, activity, and life span

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3 classification of osteoporosis

Senil
Postmenopasual
Transient

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Aged related osteoporosis age span

40-60 women

50-70 men

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White is right on…

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Radioloigical findings for osteoporosis

Pencil thin cortices
Widened interpedicular distance
Cod fish vertebra
Wedge shaped

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If cpmpression exceeds 30% of the oringal body height in osteoporosis or retropulsion is present this should be done

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Columns for mechanical fracture of vertebra

a. anterior 1/3 of bodie
b. posterior 2/3 of body
c. pedicale-artpillar-lamina- spinous
Fx. a or c is stable
Fx. b and any other is unstable

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Radiological findings of osteoporosis of the hip

Principle Compressive group
Secondary compressive group
Principle compressive group
Greater trochanter group
Ward's Triangle

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Principle compressive group

across femoral head down to neck

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secondary compressive group

from greater trochanter doen to neck

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principle tensile group

from femoral head across to lateral border

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Wards traingle

Formed from the radiolunecy of the other groups of hip osteoporosis

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Lab findings for osteoporosis

normal other than high hydroxyproline

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What is the bone density scan used for osteoporosis

DEXA

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Diffuse significant osteopenia especially for patients to young for osteoporosis

Mulitple Myeloma

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Radiological findings for Multiple Myeloma

Raindrop skull=punched out skull

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T score standard deviation for osteoporosis

0=average

1=2x risk
2=4x
3=8x
1 or higher=normal
2.5 to -1 =oteopenia

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RSDS

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome

-hypersctivity of the SNS

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RSDS is MC in this body part

hands

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Radiological findings of RSDS

very nonspecific
soft tissue swelling
localized, patchy osteoporisis
aggressive and severe

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Altered bone quality and lack of calcium salts deposited

Osteomalacia

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This has abnormally high ratio of osteoid to mineralized bone

Osteomalacia

The 2 main causes of osteomalacia

Vit D metablims | Renal tubular phosphate loss

Radiolical findings for Osteomalacia

- Coarsened trabulation | - Looser Lines

Looser Line

Horizontal linear regions of unmineralized osteoid, usually bilateral and symmetrical at right angles (Osteomalacia)

What is the best diagnostic procedure for osteomalacia

Bone Biopsy

Rickets can be caused by a deficency in

Vit D Ca P

This is the decreased quantity of calcified osteoid

Rickets

Clinical findings for rickets

- Soft tissue swelling around growth plates due to hypertrophoid cartilage - elevated alkaline phosphatase

Radiological findings of rickets

- MC in fastest growing bones - "fraying" of physeal plates and irregualty - spraying (cupping) of the weakened bone at the junction of the metaphysis and physis - Rachtic rosary

What is the longterm deficieny of Vit C

Scurvy

Scurvy is also known as

Barlow's disease

What is infantile scurvy

infants 8-14 months fed pasteurized or boiled milke

Radiological findings of scurvy

- White line of Frankel - Pelken's spur - Wimberger's sign - Trummerfeld's zone - Subperiosteal hemmorrhage

This is a sclerotic zone of provisional calcification due to delayed conversion to bone

White line of Frankel

This is a beak-like metaphyseal outgrowths which extend at right angles to the shaft at ends of metaphysis

Pelken;s spurs

This is adiodense sclerosis around epiphysis, radiolucent centrally

Wimberger's sign

This is a radiolucent band visible directly beneath zone of provsional calcification (disorganized osteod)

Trummerfields zone

This is when the periosteum is visible corner sign

Subperiosteal hemorrahge

This is a strong osteoclastic hormone

PTH

What is primary HPT

Parathyroid adenoma

what is secondary HPT

Renal Osteodystrophy

This is the MC HPT

Primary

This is the most common cause of hypercalcemia

Primary HPT

This is a bone disorder ocurring when the kidneys fail to maintain proper levels of Ca and P in the blood

Renal Osteodystrophy

Characteristics of Renal Osteodystrophy

- 30-50 females - dialysis - normal to low Ca levels - elevated alkaline phosphates

Raidographic findings of HPT

- Subperiosteal resorption (MC way to diagnosis) - Brown tumors - Metatastic soft tissue calcification - Rugger Jersey Spine - Salt and pepper skull

Xray this area to confirm any findins of HPT

hands

Characterisitcs of Pituitary tumors

- headahes - dizziness - enlarged sella turicia

Acromegaly is most prominent in the

hands and feet

Characterisitcs of acromeagly

-soft tissue thickening -palms and soles

Radiological findings of acromeagly

- spade like distal tufts | - hooking osteophystes

Syndrom that could form from hypercortisolism

Crushing's syndrome

Crushings Syndrome is excessive glucocortoid steroids released by

Adrenal cortex (Anterior Pituitary tumor)

Characteristics of Crushings Syndrome

- Moon face - buffalo hump - Purple striae on abdomen

The MC congenital dwarfing skeletal dysplasia

Achondroplaisa

Characteristics of Achondroplasia

- Marked Rhizomelic Micromelia | - Trident hands-short stubby bones

Radiographic findings of Acondroplasia

- Champagne glass-narrow pelvic inlet - bullet vertebrae - Trefoil spinal canal

What is trefoil spinal canal

short pedicles with narrowing interpediculate distance, decreasing caudally

This is a defect of intramembranous bone growth usually in the skull, clavicle, and midline

Cleidocranial defects

Radiographic findings for cleidocranial defects

- pubic diastasis - inverted pear shaped radiolucency skull - hypopalsia of clavicles

This is a disorder marked by failure to produce collagen

Marfan's syndrome

Marfan syndrome patients are MC to have

Aortic Aneurysm

This is an inherited disorder marked by abnormal Type I collagen formation

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

This is a sclerosing bone disease of decreased osteoclastic activity

Oteopetrosis

Radiographic findings of osteopetrosis

- sandwich vertebrae=bone within bone | - Erlenmeyer flask deformity