Final Systemic, Nutrinonal, Metabloic Flashcards
Way to catergoize the abnorma
Catbites Arthritis Trauma Blood Infection Tumor Endocrine Soft Tissue
This is the MC etiology
Osteoenia
This is when bone resoprtion exceeds bone fromation
Osteopenia
After 35, bone mass decreases due to
reduced osteoblastic differentiation, activity, and life span
3 classification of osteoporosis
Senil
Postmenopasual
Transient
Aged related osteoporosis age span
40-60 women
50-70 men
White is right on…
T1
Radioloigical findings for osteoporosis
Pencil thin cortices
Widened interpedicular distance
Cod fish vertebra
Wedge shaped
If cpmpression exceeds 30% of the oringal body height in osteoporosis or retropulsion is present this should be done
CT
Columns for mechanical fracture of vertebra
a. anterior 1/3 of bodie
b. posterior 2/3 of body
c. pedicale-artpillar-lamina- spinous
Fx. a or c is stable
Fx. b and any other is unstable
Radiological findings of osteoporosis of the hip
Principle Compressive group Secondary compressive group Principle compressive group Greater trochanter group Ward's Triangle
Principle compressive group
across femoral head down to neck
secondary compressive group
from greater trochanter doen to neck
principle tensile group
from femoral head across to lateral border
Wards traingle
Formed from the radiolunecy of the other groups of hip osteoporosis
Lab findings for osteoporosis
normal other than high hydroxyproline
What is the bone density scan used for osteoporosis
DEXA
Diffuse significant osteopenia especially for patients to young for osteoporosis
Mulitple Myeloma
Radiological findings for Multiple Myeloma
Raindrop skull=punched out skull
T score standard deviation for osteoporosis
0=average
- 1=2x risk
- 2=4x
- 3=8x
- 1 or higher=normal
- 2.5 to -1 =oteopenia
RSDS
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome
-hypersctivity of the SNS
RSDS is MC in this body part
hands
Radiological findings of RSDS
- very nonspecific
- soft tissue swelling
- localized, patchy osteoporisis
- aggressive and severe
Altered bone quality and lack of calcium salts deposited
Osteomalacia
This has abnormally high ratio of osteoid to mineralized bone
Osteomalacia
The 2 main causes of osteomalacia
Vit D metablims
Renal tubular phosphate loss
Radiolical findings for Osteomalacia
- Coarsened trabulation
- Looser Lines
Looser Line
Horizontal linear regions of unmineralized osteoid, usually bilateral and symmetrical at right angles (Osteomalacia)
What is the best diagnostic procedure for osteomalacia
Bone Biopsy
Rickets can be caused by a deficency in
Vit D
Ca
P
This is the decreased quantity of calcified osteoid
Rickets
Clinical findings for rickets
- Soft tissue swelling around growth plates due to hypertrophoid cartilage
- elevated alkaline phosphatase
Radiological findings of rickets
- MC in fastest growing bones
- “fraying” of physeal plates and irregualty
- spraying (cupping) of the weakened bone at the junction of the metaphysis and physis
- Rachtic rosary
What is the longterm deficieny of Vit C
Scurvy
Scurvy is also known as
Barlow’s disease
What is infantile scurvy
infants 8-14 months fed pasteurized or boiled milke
Radiological findings of scurvy
- White line of Frankel
- Pelken’s spur
- Wimberger’s sign
- Trummerfeld’s zone
- Subperiosteal hemmorrhage
This is a sclerotic zone of provisional calcification due to delayed conversion to bone
White line of Frankel
This is a beak-like metaphyseal outgrowths which extend at right angles to the shaft at ends of metaphysis
Pelken;s spurs
This is adiodense sclerosis around epiphysis, radiolucent centrally
Wimberger’s sign
This is a radiolucent band visible directly beneath zone of provsional calcification (disorganized osteod)
Trummerfields zone
This is when the periosteum is visible corner sign
Subperiosteal hemorrahge
This is a strong osteoclastic hormone
PTH
What is primary HPT
Parathyroid adenoma
what is secondary HPT
Renal Osteodystrophy
This is the MC HPT
Primary
This is the most common cause of hypercalcemia
Primary HPT
This is a bone disorder ocurring when the kidneys fail to maintain proper levels of Ca and P in the blood
Renal Osteodystrophy
Characteristics of Renal Osteodystrophy
- 30-50 females
- dialysis
- normal to low Ca levels
- elevated alkaline phosphates
Raidographic findings of HPT
- Subperiosteal resorption (MC way to diagnosis)
- Brown tumors
- Metatastic soft tissue calcification
- Rugger Jersey Spine
- Salt and pepper skull
Xray this area to confirm any findins of HPT
hands
Characterisitcs of Pituitary tumors
- headahes
- dizziness
- enlarged sella turicia
Acromegaly is most prominent in the
hands and feet
Characterisitcs of acromeagly
-soft tissue thickening -palms and soles
Radiological findings of acromeagly
- spade like distal tufts
- hooking osteophystes
Syndrom that could form from hypercortisolism
Crushing’s syndrome
Crushings Syndrome is excessive glucocortoid steroids released by
Adrenal cortex (Anterior Pituitary tumor)
Characteristics of Crushings Syndrome
- Moon face
- buffalo hump
- Purple striae on abdomen
The MC congenital dwarfing skeletal dysplasia
Achondroplaisa
Characteristics of Achondroplasia
- Marked Rhizomelic Micromelia
- Trident hands-short stubby bones
Radiographic findings of Acondroplasia
- Champagne glass-narrow pelvic inlet
- bullet vertebrae
- Trefoil spinal canal
What is trefoil spinal canal
short pedicles with narrowing interpediculate distance, decreasing caudally
This is a defect of intramembranous bone growth usually in the skull, clavicle, and midline
Cleidocranial defects
Radiographic findings for cleidocranial defects
- pubic diastasis
- inverted pear shaped radiolucency skull
- hypopalsia of clavicles
This is a disorder marked by failure to produce collagen
Marfan’s syndrome
Marfan syndrome patients are MC to have
Aortic Aneurysm
This is an inherited disorder marked by abnormal Type I collagen formation
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
This is a sclerosing bone disease of decreased osteoclastic activity
Oteopetrosis
Radiographic findings of osteopetrosis
- sandwich vertebrae=bone within bone
- Erlenmeyer flask deformity
