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Early Middle Ages > Final Studying > Flashcards

Final Studying Flashcards

1
Q

Porphyrogenita

A

Who/What: The purple princess of the Byzantine Empire.
When: 1056 (last ruler of the Macedonian dynasty)
Importance: Often desired by kings and emperors for legitimacy in their ruling.

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2
Q

Battle of Hastings

A

Who/What: Battle between Harold Godwinsson and William the Conquerer over the rule of England.
When: October 14, 1066
Importance: This battle determined who would rule England after Edward the Confessor, whose descendants still rule today.

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3
Q

Battle of Lechfeld

A

Who/What: Battle between Otto I and the Magyars.
When: August 10, 955
Importance: Stopped the Magyar invasion of Western Europe.

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4
Q

Basil II

A

Who/What: Byzantine Emperor, known as the Bulgar Slayer. Had a full treasury when he died.
When: d. December 15, 1025
Importance: He blinded many of the soldiers in a victory against the Bulgars and won much territory for Byzantium.

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5
Q

Otto I

A

Who/What: Otto the Great. The first Ottonian ruler.
When: d. May 7, 973
Importance: Defeated the Magyars. Made alliances with Bishops. Married to Adelheid, princess.

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6
Q

Harold Godwinsson

A

Who/What: English king who tried taking the throne instead of William the Conquerer.
When: d. October 14, 1066
Importance: He was killed in the battle of Hastings and gave rise to William the Conquerer as king of England.

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7
Q

Feudalism

A

Who/What: Conditional land grants in return for (military) service.
When:
Importance: This decentralized the power in the empire further.

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8
Q

Treaty of Verdun

A

Who/What: Treaty that divided Francia into three parts for Louis I three sons.
When: August 10, 843
Importance: Divided CM’s empire. Showed the divide between modern day France and Germany.

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9
Q

William of Normandy

A

Who/What: Duke of Normandy, elected king by Edward the Confessor.
When: d. September 9, 1087
Importance: Was elected to become the next king of England. Killed Harold Godwinsson in the Battle of Hastings and began the modern English royal family line.

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10
Q

Hugh Capet

A

Who/What: Frankish king/King of France.
When: d. October 24, 996
Importance: Founded the Capetian dynasty which stayed in France for centuries.

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11
Q

Cnut

A

Who/What: Son of Sweyn Forkbeard. Ruled England and enforced peace.
When: d. November 12, 1035
Importance: Widely accepted Danish ruler in England with little backlash from the people.

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12
Q

Sweyn Forkbeard

A

Who/What: Danish king who sought to become king in England.
When: d. February 3, 1014
Importance: Drove out the English king and established himself as king before dying soon after, then his son, Cnut, became king and was accepted by the people.

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13
Q

Rollo

A

Who/What: Carolingian count.
When: d. 930
Importance: He had the power to enforce laws and was in charge of defense and justice.

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14
Q

Edgar the Peaceable

A

Who/What: English King who wanted a united England.
When: d. July 8, 975
Importance: He introduced monastic reform and put more emphasis of Christ and the Eucharist.

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15
Q

Abbasids

A

Who/What: Islamic Empire that drove out the Umayyads (except from Spain).
When: 750
Importance: Consolidated Islamic power and advanced the Islamic Golden Age.

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16
Q

Robert the Pious

A

Who/What: Frankish ruler. Married to Roazala of Italy, then Bertha.
When: d. July 20 1031
Importance: Had to separate from Bertha or risk excommunication. He tried to present himself as the protectot of churches.

17
Q

Odo of Cluny

A

Who/What: Abbot in Cluny.
When: d. November 18, 942
Importance: Influenced monasteries across Europe, introduced many reforms.

18
Q

Robert Guiscard

A

Who/What: Younger brother of William Iron Arm.
When: d. July 17, 1085
Importance: Sold a man for ransom and got his reputation, raided in N. Calabria.

19
Q

Pope Leo IX

A

Who/What: Pope.
When: April 19, 1054
Importance: Introduced more papal reform. He traveled Europe to make bishops confess to simony. Tried to fight against the Normans in the Battle of Civitate. Lost.

20
Q

Battle of Civitate

A

Who/What: The battle between the Normans and Pope Leo IX’s army.
When: June 18, 1053
Importance: Pope Leo IX captured. The Normans won a victory.

21
Q

Vicar of St. Peter

A

Who/What: The idea that the Pope was the successor of St. Peter.
When:
Importance: Made the pope the stand-in for St. Peter and the supposed leader of the Church across Europe.

22
Q

Peace of God

A

Who/What: Was an agreement on when to not fight and who to spare during times of war using relics.
When: 989
Importance: The papacy was not strong enough to enforce many rules or have much power. This convinced people when to not fight and gave more rules to fighting.

23
Q

Simony

A

Who/What: Corruption within the church relating to money.
When: During Pope Leo IX’s papal reform, it took off.
Importance: To combat this, there was much papal reform.

24
Q

Seljuk Dynasty

A

Who/What: Sunni Turkish Dynasty from the Steppe, which expanded into Byzantine territory.
When: Established 1037
Importance: Open warfare with the Byzantine Empire, leading to more of their decline.

25
Q

Ivarr the Boneless

A

Who/What: a Scandinavian leader who led raids in England.
When: d. 873
Importance: Gathered a Great Army of followers and Danes to invade England.

26
Q

Gokstad Ship

A

Who/What: Scandinavian ship, klinker-built, 9 frames + cross beams, didn’t draft more than 3.5 feet.
When: mid 9th cent.
Importance: Meant you could sail in shallower waters, making river raids easier.

27
Q

Martyrs of Córdoba

A

Who/What: 48 Christians martyed in Córdoba.
When: 850-859
Importance: Increased tensions between the Christians and the Muslims in Spain.

28
Q

Alfred the Great

A

Who/What: English King. Tried to make peace with Danish invaders and allowed them to settle.
When: d. October 26, 899
Importance: Attempted to rebuilt parts of England and promote peace.

29
Q

Edward the Confessor

A

Who/What: King of England, son of Cnut. Never had children.
When: January 5, 1066
Importance: Wanted William the Conquerer to become the next English king, but after his death Harold Godwinsson tried taking the throne.

30
Q

Danegeld

A

Who/What: An English land tax to pay of Danish invaders. Viking money.
When: 991 (introduced)
Importance: Showed vikings they had more reason to raid in exchange for money.

31
Q

Aethelred the Unready

A

Who/What: The English King who came into power as a child. He was king when Sweyn Forkbeard took England and he tried returning after Swyn’s death.
When: d. April 23, 1016
Importance: Last English king before William the Conquerer.

32
Q

Adelheid

A

Who/What: Married to Otto I, was a princess.
When: d. 999
Importance: Gave legitimacy to the Ottonians.

33
Q

Empress Zöe

A

Who/What: Roman Empress
When: d. 1050
Importance: She was the last Empress of the Byzantine succession line. During her reign, the Turks moved in on Byzantine territory and brought them down as a major world player.

34
Q

Fatimid Caliphate

A

Who/What: Caliphate claiming to be descended from Muhammad’s daughter, Fatima.
When: 909 (started)
Importance: Rivaled the Abbasids.

35
Q

Siege of Paris

A

Who/What: Viking raid 200 miles down river to Paris on Easter Sunday. Left when paid 7000 lbs of silver.
When: 845
Importance: Helped to destabilize the Frankish government and showed that they had more wealth to raid for.

36
Q

Lindisfarne

A

Who/What: Viking attack on the Lindisfarne monastery.
When: June 6, 793
Importance: First written recorded viking attack. Led to more people attacking monasteries.

37
Q

Henry I (of Germany)

A

Who/What: Frankish king.
When: d. July 2, 936
Importance: Arranged his son’s election as co-king, tried to insert himself into the affairs of Normandy.

Early Middle Ages (2 decks)

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