Final Study Questions Flashcards
(162 cards)
Write the ATPase Equation -
ATP —> ADP + Pi + Energy + Heat
What is a rate- limiting enzyme and why does every metabolic pathway have rate-limiting enzymes? What stimulates a rate- limiting enzyme? -
The enzyme that catalyze the reaction of the rate limiting step. The activity of the rate limiting enzyme is regulated, in part, by modulators within the cell such as the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi
- They are usually found near the beginning of a series of reactions which is also known as a metabolic pathway
- Many of the modulators operate on a negative feedback system
How many calories are released from the breakdown of ATP -
7.3 kcal in the lab
12 kcal in normal cell, pH, and temp.
Does skeletal muscle store small or large amounts of ATP? Explain why -
Small amounts (2-4g/kg muscle)
- too much can’t be stored in the cell because it’s such a big molecule compared to the substrates (not enough room in the cell), instead it’s resynthesized
Name the different metabolic pathways that resynthesize ATP -
- Anaerobic Glycolysis
- Aerobic Glycolysis
- Beta Oxidation of Fats
- ATP-CrP system
- Protein Metabolism
What energy substrate is used by each of the metabolic pathways
a) ATP -CrP System
b) Anaerobic Glycolysis
c) Aerobic Glycolysis
d) Beta Oxidation of Fats -
a) creatine phosphate
b) glucose
c) glucose
d) triglycerides (stored in adipose tissue)
Which metabolic pathways are aerobic? Which are anaerobic? -
Aerobic: aerobic glycolysis, beta oxidation of fats
Anaerobic: anaerobic glycolysis, ATP-CrP
Why is it necessary to resynthesize ATP in every cell? -
- ATP is unable to cross the cell membrane
- It can’t be transported into a cell from blood or another cell
Explain the physiological benefits for having so many metabolic pathways designed to resynthesize ATP -
- Differing rates and amounts from each pathway
- Depending on the demand for either large amounts of ATP or rapid ATP, the body will use different pathways
Explain the functional benefits for having so many metabolic pathways designed to resynthesize ATP -
- Allows us to engage in physical activity of a wide range of intensities and durations
Know the enzyme in the ATP-Pc system -
Creatine Kinase
What is the creatine kinase reaction -
ADP + CP -> ATP + C
What is meant by identifying the 2 reactions in the ATP-Pc system as coupled? -
The energy released from one reaction is used in the second reaction to synthesize ATP
If the ATP-PC system was the only metabolic pathway available, how long would it be able to meet the needs of maximal intensity exercise? -
15 seconds
Is creatine supplementation always effective? -
No.
- Some people respond to the supplementation while others don’t
For what type of training would creatine supplementation be effective? -
Short Duration, High Intensity
- Weight Lifting or Sprinting
What is the loading and maintenance dose of creatine (as suggested on the package)? -
Loading phase: 5 days- 20 g/day
Maintenance phase: however long you want to take it, 2-3 g/day
What dose of creatine is recommended by the scientific literature? -
Loading: .3 g/kg/day
Maintenance: .03 g/kg/day
Name the Catabolic Metabolic Pathways -
- Glycogenolysis/Lipolysis
- Anaerobic/Aerobic Glycolysis
- Beta Oxidation
Name the Anabolic Metabolic Pathways -
- Glycogenesis
- Gluconeogenesis
- Lipogenesis
What is the chemical formula for glucose? -
C6H12O6
How does glucose enter the skeletal muscle cell? -
Through Glu4 Transporter
After glucose enters the skeletal muscle cell and is phosphorylated, what 2 things can happen to it? -
- Undergo Glycolysis: Breakdown to pyruvate
2. Undergo Glycogenesis: Stored as glycogen
Where is glycogen stored in the body? -
Liver and skeletal muscle