Final Study Guide Flashcards

0
Q

Infauna

A

Live in substrate

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1
Q

Littoral Zone

A

Intertidal zone:

High tide mark to low tide mark; smallest space; most researched

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2
Q

Meiofauna

A

Live between grains of sand

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3
Q

Supratidal (swash)

A

Above tides; splash and spray only

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4
Q

Upper intertidal

A

Covered during highest tides

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5
Q

Middle intertidal

A

50% exposure, between high and low tides

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6
Q

Lower intertidal

A

Covered except at lowest tides

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7
Q

Subtidal (sublittoral)

A

Always covered

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8
Q

Level of disturbance leads to highest level of biodiversity

A

Intermediate disturbance

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9
Q

Stenohaline

A

Species that tolerate narrow ranges of salinities

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10
Q

Brackish

A

Water of intermediate salinity

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11
Q

Mangal

A

Dense forest of mangroves

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12
Q

Pneumatophore

A

Unbranched extensions of roots that grow up from oxygen poor mud

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13
Q

Propagule

A

Seedlings that drop from branches; attached to tree and germinate

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14
Q

Drowned river valleys/coastal plains

A

An estuary type:

Sea level rose due to melting ice, invaded lowlands

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15
Q

Bar-built estuary

A

Accumulation of sediment into sandbars, separates ocean from fresh water

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16
Q

Tectonic estuary

A

The land sank into water

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17
Q

Fjords

A

(Estuary type) Partially submerged valleys when sea level rose that rivers now flow into

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18
Q

Open water

Estuary characteristic

A

Important nursery zone; 90% of commercial catch larvae come from this

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19
Q

Mudflat

Estuary characteristic

A

Substrate exposed at low tide

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20
Q

Salt marsh

Estuary characteristic

A

Temperate to subarctic regions; grassy areas bordering mudflats; flooded at high tide

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21
Q

Mangroves

A

Previously covered 75% of all sheltered tropic areas; protects against erosion

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22
Q

Other names for an estuary

A

Lagoon, slough, bay, fjord, river delta

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23
Q

Red mangrove genus

A

Rhizophora

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24
Q

Black mangrove genus

A

Avicennia

25
Q

White mangrove

A

Laguncularia

26
Q

Epifauna

A

Benthic animals

27
Q

Average depth of continental shelf

A

150 m

28
Q

Average length of the continental shelf

A

1-750 km

29
Q

% of global fish catch from continental shelf

A

90%

30
Q

What factors affect habitat of continental shelf?

A

Wind, river outflow, proximity to land

31
Q

Cues larvae use to know when to settle

A

Chemical substrate; odor of adults; temp & salinity

32
Q

Main food source for soft bottom animals

A

Sea grasses

33
Q

Main food source for rocky-bottom animals

A

Sea weed

34
Q

Animals that eat sea grass

A

Manatees, Turtles, urchins

35
Q

Kelp growing conditions

A

Hard substrate, cold, nutrient rich water

36
Q

Algal ridge

A

Elevated margin of coral reef built by calcareous algae

37
Q

Types of coral

A

Scleratinian, fire, gorgonian, soft

38
Q

Hermatypic

A

Produce CaCO3 skeleton

39
Q

Coralite

A

Depressions of brain coral where polyps lie

40
Q

Fringing reef location

A

Near shore

41
Q

Barrier reef location

A

Off shore, still on shelf

42
Q

Largest coral reef

A

Fringing reef of Red Sea

43
Q

What do members of coral colony share?

A

Polyps

44
Q

Coral skeletons made of what?

A

CaCO3 or limestone

45
Q

Five ways corals get nutrition

A

Filter feed, endosymbionts, tentacles, mucous, mesenterial filaments, absorb DOM directly

46
Q

Necessary reef growth conditions

A

Hard bottom, zooxanthellae

47
Q

Reef building organisms

A

Oysters, coral, coralline algae,tube dwelling polychetes

48
Q

Holoplankton

A

Whole lives as plankton

49
Q

Merolankton

A

Temporary plankton members

50
Q

DVM

A

Daily vertical migration

51
Q

Zooplankton crustaceans

A

Copepods

Krill

52
Q

Zooplankton non- crustaceans

A

Salps: chordates

Larvaceans

Pteropods

Arrow worms

53
Q

Macroplankton

A

Siphonophores

Jellyfish

54
Q

Areas of high primary productivity

A

East coasts of oceans

55
Q

Low primary productivity

A

Center of gyres

56
Q

Photophores

A

Produce bioluminescence

57
Q

Oxygen minimum zone

A

500 m

Mesopelagic

58
Q

Zone of main thermocline

A

Mesopelagic

59
Q

90% of all midwater fish

A

Bristlemouth & lantern fish

60
Q

Deep sea pressure

A

1000 atm

61
Q

Reproduction at deep sea

A

1) hermaphroditism
2) bioluminescence
3) male parasitism
4) invert. spawning sites