Final Study Guide

Question 0

Infauna

Answer 0

Live in substrate

Question 1

Littoral Zone

Answer 1

Intertidal zone:

High tide mark to low tide mark; smallest space; most researched

Question 2

Meiofauna

Answer 2

Live between grains of sand

Question 3

Supratidal (swash)

Answer 3

Above tides; splash and spray only

Question 4

Upper intertidal

Answer 4

Covered during highest tides

Question 5

Middle intertidal

Answer 5

50% exposure, between high and low tides

Question 6

Lower intertidal

Answer 6

Covered except at lowest tides

Question 7

Subtidal (sublittoral)

Answer 7

Always covered

Question 8

Level of disturbance leads to highest level of biodiversity

Answer 8

Intermediate disturbance

Question 9

Stenohaline

Answer 9

Species that tolerate narrow ranges of salinities

Question 10

Brackish

Answer 10

Water of intermediate salinity

Question 11

Mangal

Answer 11

Dense forest of mangroves

Question 12

Pneumatophore

Answer 12

Unbranched extensions of roots that grow up from oxygen poor mud

Question 13

Propagule

Answer 13

Seedlings that drop from branches; attached to tree and germinate

Question 14

Drowned river valleys/coastal plains

Answer 14

An estuary type:

Sea level rose due to melting ice, invaded lowlands

Question 15

Bar-built estuary

Answer 15

Accumulation of sediment into sandbars, separates ocean from fresh water

Question 16

Tectonic estuary

Answer 16

The land sank into water

Question 17

Fjords

Answer 17

(Estuary type) Partially submerged valleys when sea level rose that rivers now flow into

Question 18

Open water

Estuary characteristic

Answer 18

Important nursery zone; 90% of commercial catch larvae come from this

Question 19

Mudflat

Estuary characteristic

Answer 19

Substrate exposed at low tide

Question 20

Salt marsh

Estuary characteristic

Answer 20

Temperate to subarctic regions; grassy areas bordering mudflats; flooded at high tide

Question 21

Mangroves

Answer 21

Previously covered 75% of all sheltered tropic areas; protects against erosion

Question 22

Other names for an estuary

Answer 22

Lagoon, slough, bay, fjord, river delta

Question 23

Red mangrove genus

Answer 23

Rhizophora

Question 24

Black mangrove genus

Answer 24

Avicennia

Question 25

White mangrove

Answer 25

Laguncularia

Question 26

Epifauna

Answer 26

Benthic animals

Question 27

Average depth of continental shelf

Answer 27

150 m

Question 28

Average length of the continental shelf

Answer 28

1-750 km

Question 29

% of global fish catch from continental shelf

Answer 29

90%

Question 30

What factors affect habitat of continental shelf?

Answer 30

Wind, river outflow, proximity to land

Question 31

Cues larvae use to know when to settle

Answer 31

Chemical substrate; odor of adults; temp & salinity

Question 32

Main food source for soft bottom animals

Answer 32

Sea grasses

Question 33

Main food source for rocky-bottom animals

Answer 33

Sea weed

Question 34

Animals that eat sea grass

Answer 34

Manatees, Turtles, urchins

Question 35

Kelp growing conditions

Answer 35

Hard substrate, cold, nutrient rich water

Question 36

Algal ridge

Answer 36

Elevated margin of coral reef built by calcareous algae

Question 37

Types of coral

Answer 37

Scleratinian, fire, gorgonian, soft

Question 38

Hermatypic

Answer 38

Produce CaCO3 skeleton

Question 39

Coralite

Answer 39

Depressions of brain coral where polyps lie

Question 40

Fringing reef location

Answer 40

Near shore

Question 41

Barrier reef location

Answer 41

Off shore, still on shelf

Question 42

Largest coral reef

Answer 42

Fringing reef of Red Sea

Question 43

What do members of coral colony share?

Answer 43

Polyps

Question 44

Coral skeletons made of what?

Answer 44

CaCO3 or limestone

Question 45

Five ways corals get nutrition

Answer 45

Filter feed, endosymbionts, tentacles, mucous, mesenterial filaments, absorb DOM directly

Question 46

Necessary reef growth conditions

Answer 46

Hard bottom, zooxanthellae

Question 47

Reef building organisms

Answer 47

Oysters, coral, coralline algae,tube dwelling polychetes

Question 48

Holoplankton

Answer 48

Whole lives as plankton

Question 49

Merolankton

Answer 49

Temporary plankton members

Question 50

DVM

Answer 50

Daily vertical migration

Question 51

Zooplankton crustaceans

Answer 51

Copepods Krill

Question 52

Zooplankton non- crustaceans

Answer 52

Salps: chordates Larvaceans Pteropods Arrow worms

Question 53

Macroplankton

Answer 53

Siphonophores Jellyfish

Question 54

Areas of high primary productivity

Answer 54

East coasts of oceans

Question 55

Low primary productivity

Answer 55

Center of gyres

Question 56

Photophores

Answer 56

Produce bioluminescence

Question 57

Oxygen minimum zone

Answer 57

500 m Mesopelagic

Question 58

Zone of main thermocline

Answer 58

Mesopelagic

Question 59

90% of all midwater fish

Answer 59

Bristlemouth & lantern fish

Question 60

Deep sea pressure

Answer 60

1000 atm

Question 61

Reproduction at deep sea

Answer 61

1) hermaphroditism 2) bioluminescence 3) male parasitism 4) invert. spawning sites