Final study guide

Question 1

Helmut Koesters list

Answer 1

Kingdom of God
Alleviation of Suffering
Inclusivity/Justice
non violence
forgiveness
social/political disobediance
criticism of hyprocites
feeding hungry
freeing captives
visiting sick

Question 2

Passion

Answer 2

Suffering of Christ

a. Arrest at Gethsemane
b. Jesus’ Trial- delivered over by Sanhedrin to Pilate, charged with Sedition, sentenced to Crucifixion by Pilate
c. Jesus’ Suffering- Beaten, mocked, cat of nine tails,
d. Crucifixion

Question 3

canonical Gospels

Answer 3

Matthew (85 AD)
Mark (66-69 AD)
Luke (89-95 AD)
John (90-100 AD)

Question 4

Council of Nicea (325 AD)

Answer 4

a. Emperor Constantine Presided over the bishops and other church leaders with the purpose of defining the nature of God for all of Christianity and eliminating confusion, controversy, and contention
b. Council affirmed the deity and eternality of Jesus Christ (As taught in the OT) and his relationship with God as ‘one substance”
Affirmed the Trinity
\Nicene Creed// ← first uniform Christian Doctrine
Christ is the fullness of God

Question 5

Annunciation

Answer 5

The Christian celebration of the announcement by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that she would conceive and become the mother of Jesus, the Son of God, marking his Incarnation.

Question 6

The virgin birth

Answer 6

Not the immaculate conception.
Presents Mary as having a virgin birth.
Protestant view because it does not deny original sin
Angel Gabriel told her not to be afraid, that she would bear a son.

Question 7

Immaculate Conception- catholic view not protestant

Answer 7

Mary’s conception in the womb.
Not a virgin birth, conceived without original sin
Original Sin: Born into a condition of Sin because of the fall of man, Adam and Eve

Question 8

Jesus Movement

Answer 8

Reform movement from within Judaism DURING Jesus’ lifetime

Small pockets of sectarian groups that focused on the identity of Jesus as Christ, The Messiah

Question 9

Christian Movement

Answer 9

The spreading of Jesus’ teachings AFTER his death

Salvation came from Christ

Question 10

Pre-Islam

Answer 10

Semitic tribes of the desert
Worshipped astral deities
Also had jinn (lesser spirits, both good and evil)
The Kaaba (cube) was a destination of pilgrims, filled with many idols

Question 11

Life of Muhammad

Answer 11

The “seal of the Prophets”
Born 571 (570?) to the Quraysh tribe
Married Khadija in 595, who was 15 years older
Died in 632, Founder of Islam

Question 12

The “Night of Power and Excellence”

Answer 12

Muhammad is 40 years old here
610 at the cave of Mt. Hira
The Angel Gabriel came to him and said “Recite” and Muhammad started speaking the Koran
The beginning of the Quran, Quran means recitation
Scholars around Muhammad wrote down what he was saying and put them into the Koran, which took 20 years to complete
Koran is divided into 114 suras (chapters)

Question 13

The Hijra in 622 (Migration to Yathrib)

Answer 13

Muhammad flees Mecca for Medina
Flees because of Persecution for belief in Islam
Establishes the Muslim Calender

Question 14

Battle of Badr

Answer 14

Muhammads first Military victory in 624

Question 15

Mecca invades Medina (Yathrib)

Answer 15

630

Muhammad fights back and captures Mecca, peaceful tolerance after capture, does not kill the inhabitants

Question 16

Five Pillars of Isla,

Answer 16

The Shahadah
Salat
Zakat
Sawn
Hajj

Question 17

The Shahadah

Answer 17

The profession of faith
Belief in no other gods but Allah and that Muhammad is his prophet and the Messenger of Allah
Two principles sins of humanity
The shirk: idolatry
Kufr: disbelief

Question 18

Salat

Answer 18

Daily Prayer
Raq’ah
Bowing and prostrating during prayer
Qiblah
The direction towards Mecca

Question 19

Zakat

Answer 19

Giving of alms

Muslims required to give 2.5 percent annual income to charity

Question 20

Sawn

Answer 20

Ramadan
During the 9th month of the Islamic lunar calendar
Requirements of Fast
Giving up of food and drink during daylight hours during the month of Ramadan

Question 21

Hajj

Answer 21

The obligation of all Muslims to make pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime
Tawaq
Circling of the Kaaba seven times clockwise

Question 22

Jihad

Answer 22

Greater Jihad-the battle within oneself over sin

Lesser Jihad- the obligation to protect the way of God against evil

Question 23

Two groups of Islam

Answer 23

Sunnis

Shiites

Question 24

Sunnis

Answer 24

Separated political and religious leadership into caliphs and ulamas
Did not insist that the leader of Islam be from the line of Muhammad
Less elaborate religious hierarchy
Early Caliphs: Believe first four caliphs were rightful rulers
Muslim Ruler: Believe any person who follows Muhammad’s example may be Muslim ruler
Sources of Islam: Quran and Sunnah of Muhammad

Question 25

Shiites

Answer 25

Kept political and religious leadership together
Insisted that the leader of Islam be a descendant of Muhammad
Give human beings the exalted status that is given only to prophets in the Quran
Early Caliphs: Only Ali, Muhammad’s son in law, was legitimate
Muslim Ruler: Only a descendant of Muhammad and Ali may be imam, or ruler
Sources of Islam: Quran, Sunnah, and teachings of Imams

Question 26

Seven fundamental beliefs in Islam

Answer 26

Tawheed: belief in Allah
Malaikah: belief in Angels
The Books: belief in scriptures
Belief in the Messengers of Allah
Belief in the resurrection after death
Belief in the day of judgment
Belief of Qadar: Allah ordains everything