Final study guide Flashcards
Helmut Koesters list
Kingdom of God Alleviation of Suffering Inclusivity/Justice non violence forgiveness social/political disobediance criticism of hyprocites feeding hungry freeing captives visiting sick
Passion
Suffering of Christ
a. Arrest at Gethsemane
b. Jesus’ Trial- delivered over by Sanhedrin to Pilate, charged with Sedition, sentenced to Crucifixion by Pilate
c. Jesus’ Suffering- Beaten, mocked, cat of nine tails,
d. Crucifixion
canonical Gospels
Matthew (85 AD)
Mark (66-69 AD)
Luke (89-95 AD)
John (90-100 AD)
Council of Nicea (325 AD)
a. Emperor Constantine Presided over the bishops and other church leaders with the purpose of defining the nature of God for all of Christianity and eliminating confusion, controversy, and contention
b. Council affirmed the deity and eternality of Jesus Christ (As taught in the OT) and his relationship with God as ‘one substance”
Affirmed the Trinity
\Nicene Creed// ← first uniform Christian Doctrine
Christ is the fullness of God
Annunciation
The Christian celebration of the announcement by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that she would conceive and become the mother of Jesus, the Son of God, marking his Incarnation.
The virgin birth
Not the immaculate conception.
Presents Mary as having a virgin birth.
Protestant view because it does not deny original sin
Angel Gabriel told her not to be afraid, that she would bear a son.
Immaculate Conception- catholic view not protestant
Mary’s conception in the womb.
Not a virgin birth, conceived without original sin
Original Sin: Born into a condition of Sin because of the fall of man, Adam and Eve
Jesus Movement
Reform movement from within Judaism DURING Jesus’ lifetime
Small pockets of sectarian groups that focused on the identity of Jesus as Christ, The Messiah
Christian Movement
The spreading of Jesus’ teachings AFTER his death
Salvation came from Christ
Pre-Islam
Semitic tribes of the desert
Worshipped astral deities
Also had jinn (lesser spirits, both good and evil)
The Kaaba (cube) was a destination of pilgrims, filled with many idols
Life of Muhammad
The “seal of the Prophets”
Born 571 (570?) to the Quraysh tribe
Married Khadija in 595, who was 15 years older
Died in 632, Founder of Islam
The “Night of Power and Excellence”
Muhammad is 40 years old here
610 at the cave of Mt. Hira
The Angel Gabriel came to him and said “Recite” and Muhammad started speaking the Koran
The beginning of the Quran, Quran means recitation
Scholars around Muhammad wrote down what he was saying and put them into the Koran, which took 20 years to complete
Koran is divided into 114 suras (chapters)
The Hijra in 622 (Migration to Yathrib)
Muhammad flees Mecca for Medina
Flees because of Persecution for belief in Islam
Establishes the Muslim Calender
Battle of Badr
Muhammads first Military victory in 624
Mecca invades Medina (Yathrib)
630
Muhammad fights back and captures Mecca, peaceful tolerance after capture, does not kill the inhabitants
Five Pillars of Isla,
The Shahadah Salat Zakat Sawn Hajj
The Shahadah
The profession of faith Belief in no other gods but Allah and that Muhammad is his prophet and the Messenger of Allah Two principles sins of humanity The shirk: idolatry Kufr: disbelief
Salat
Daily Prayer Raq’ah Bowing and prostrating during prayer Qiblah The direction towards Mecca
Zakat
Giving of alms
Muslims required to give 2.5 percent annual income to charity
Sawn
Ramadan
During the 9th month of the Islamic lunar calendar
Requirements of Fast
Giving up of food and drink during daylight hours during the month of Ramadan
Hajj
The obligation of all Muslims to make pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime
Tawaq
Circling of the Kaaba seven times clockwise
Jihad
Greater Jihad-the battle within oneself over sin
Lesser Jihad- the obligation to protect the way of God against evil
Two groups of Islam
Sunnis
Shiites
Sunnis
Separated political and religious leadership into caliphs and ulamas
Did not insist that the leader of Islam be from the line of Muhammad
Less elaborate religious hierarchy
Early Caliphs: Believe first four caliphs were rightful rulers
Muslim Ruler: Believe any person who follows Muhammad’s example may be Muslim ruler
Sources of Islam: Quran and Sunnah of Muhammad
Shiites
Kept political and religious leadership together
Insisted that the leader of Islam be a descendant of Muhammad
Give human beings the exalted status that is given only to prophets in the Quran
Early Caliphs: Only Ali, Muhammad’s son in law, was legitimate
Muslim Ruler: Only a descendant of Muhammad and Ali may be imam, or ruler
Sources of Islam: Quran, Sunnah, and teachings of Imams
Seven fundamental beliefs in Islam
Tawheed: belief in Allah Malaikah: belief in Angels The Books: belief in scriptures Belief in the Messengers of Allah Belief in the resurrection after death Belief in the day of judgment Belief of Qadar: Allah ordains everything
