Final study guide Flashcards
The study of human development may best be described as an attempt to understand:
how and why people change across the life span.
Even though both of La Mont’s parents are less than five feet tall, LaMont has grown to a height of 5 feet, 11 inches. His parents lived through the depression era, and LaMont has always had plenty of food and good medical care. His tall height is most likely a result of which of the following?
nurture
It is much easier for children to learn a second language than it is for adults. This exemplifies a:
sensitive period.
Scientific observation would probably be the best choice for a researcher interested in:
the frequency of bullying during school recess periods.
You are doing research looking at how a child’s overall health, SES, and culture affect academic performance. Which of the following would you use to determine this?
factor analysis
A researcher studies the relationship between two variables and determines the likelihood that a change in one variable will result in a change in the other. What type of research is this person conducting?
correlational
Joseph always dates women who are at least ten years older than he is. Which of the following might Freud propose as an explanation for Joseph’s attraction to older women?
Joseph is stuck in the phallic stage of development.
In the industry vs. inferiority stage, children try to: Erik Erikson
master new skills.
Freud and Erikson would both agree that:
problems of adult life stem from unresolved conflicts of childhood.
In operant conditioning, an organism learns that:
a neutral stimulus is associated with a meaningful stimulus.
Lori always yells at her 5-year-old son Jake when he won’t get dressed for school. Although she has been yelling at him to get dressed nearly every day for months, he still does not comply when she asks him to get dressed. Operant conditioning would explain this by pointing out that:
Lori’s yelling is not working as a punishment.
Social learning theory emphasizes: Ly vygotsky
observation and imitation.
According to Vygotsky, novices learn from mentors through a process called an apprenticeship in:
learning.
Saul and Joe are unrelated next door neighbors. What percentage of the human genome do they share?
99.9 percent
Which of the following is a major contributor to the fact that the human race has survived in spite of diseases such as malaria, the plague, and possibly even HIV?
the homogenous nature of our gene pool
Marsha has twins, a boy and a girl. The twins are:
dizygotic. 2 eggs linked to its own sperm
Boys can inherit an X-linked trait from their:
mother only.
Chromosomal abnormalities occur when a zygote’s cells have:
more or fewer than the usual 46 chromosomes.
What percentage of in vitro conceptions implant?
10 percent
The fetus begins to develop male sex organs if:
the SRY gene on the Y chromosome commands the sex organ to develop.
During prenatal development, a particular organ or body part is most vulnerable to exposure to teratogens during its:
vulnerability period.
Because Suzanne is pregnant, she drinks only one glass of wine a day and smokes fewer cigarettes than previously. She should be told that:
each drug might intensify the effects of the other.
Despite widespread information on the harmful effects of smoking and drinking during pregnancy, according to recent research:
14 percent of women acknowledged smoking during their third trimester and 5 percent acknowledged drinking.
A distorted face with small eyes, mental retardation, and hyperactivity are all symptoms of:
fetal alcohol syndrome.
The World Health Organization’s definition for extremely low birth weight is weighing less than:
3 pounds 5 ounces.
The average North American newborn measures:
20 inches (51 cm).
From birth until age 2 years, the density of dendrites in the cortex increases:
fivefold.
Jen had little to play with as an infant but developed into a curious, intelligent preschooler who concocted toys out of whatever she could find. She is developing her brain through:
self-righting.
The average infant’s visual systems:
benefit from stimulation in the early months of life.
When infants turn their heads and suck in response to a touch on the cheek, they are demonstrating the:
rooting reflex.
The Swiss scientist who emphasized that infants are active learners and that early learning is based on sensory and motor skills was:
Jean Piaget.
Which of the following is a behavior that you would observe in the second of Piaget’s sensorimotor stages?
an infant playing with his own toes
Sensorimotor stage four is the stage of:
new means through mental combinations.
A baby trying to pry his Dad’s fingers apart to get to a small toy hidden in his hand demonstrates accomplishment of:
object permanence.
As I’m walking with my toddler son one day we see a beautiful rose, and I bend down to smell it. I notice, though, that there is a bee in the rose so I quickly back away. Before I can stop my son, he has already stuck his nose into the rose and has been stung by the bee. Which of the following best explains the differences in our behaviors?
Because of my life experience, my selective perception of the affordances offered by the combination of the rose and the bee allowed me to know the danger.
At approximately what age will a child begin to utter her first two-word sentences?
10–12 months
The stimulation of one sense in the brain by a different sensation is known as:
synesthesia.
The research method most commonly used to study infant temperament is:
observation.
Distal parenting tends to produce children who are:
self-aware.
On the average, parents and infants spend about ______ in face-to-face play daily.
half an hour
