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Chemistry > Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Study Guide Flashcards

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0
Q

Believed the world was made up of small invisible partics called atoms and empty space

A

Democritus

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1
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

Modern Atomic Theory

A

Dalton

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2
Q

Using crooks tubes he discovered electrons

1) electrons are negatively charged
2) all electrons are identical

A

Thomas

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3
Q

Discovered the mass of an electron
1/1840 the mass of a proton
Discovered the charge of an electron
Negative One

A

Millikan

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4
Q

Did the Gold Foil Experiment and with the result of this experiment predicted the excistense of neutrons

A

Rutherford

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5
Q

Atomi number

A

Number of protons. Identification number in table. The number of protons is unique to the element

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6
Q

Mass number

A

Mass of the specific partial. Found by adding the protons and neutrons.

NOT ON TABLE

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7
Q

Average Atomic Mass

A

Average mass of all the know isotopes. Found on table. This is used when 1) founding percent composition 2) changing from grams to moles and via versa

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8
Q

Extensive

A

Depends on amount of matter present

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9
Q

Intesive

A

DOES NOT depend amount of water

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10
Q

Homogeneous

A

One phase

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11
Q

Heterogeneous

A

More than one phase - salad dressing

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12
Q

Solute

A

Substance being dissolved

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13
Q

Solvent

A

Substance that does the dissolving

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14
Q

Synthesis – Metallic oxides in water

A

Metallic oxide+H20–>metallic
hydroxide

imagine the metallic oxide taking th place of the first H in water (HOH) and the Os joining together

CaO + H2O –> Ca(OH)2

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15
Q

Synthesis – Nonmetallic Oxides in water

A

Nonmatellic oxide + H2O –> Oxyacid

  • THIS FORMS AN ACID SO THINK ABOUT HOW YOU NAME ACIDS *

** OXYGENS ADD TOGETHER **

SO3 + H2O –> H2SO4

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16
Q

Decomp – Metallic Carbonates are heated

A

Metallic Carbonate –> metal oxide + carbon dioxide

  • STARTS BIG – ENDS WITH SMALLER PRODUCTS*
  • DECOMP – things breaking down – CARBONATE BREAKS DOWN AND LOSES ITS CARBON TO FORM THE METALLIC OXIDE. THE CARBON FORMS CARBON DIOXIDE *

CaCO3 –> CaO + CO2

17
Q

Decomp – Metallic Chlorates are heated

A

Metallic Chlorate –> metal chloride + Oxygen Gas

  • CHLORATE LOSES AN OXYGEN TO FORM A METALLIC CHLORIDE. THE OXYGEN IS DIATOMIC BUT IT IS BY ITSELF *

KClO3 –> KCl + O2

18
Q

Single Replacement – Group 1&2 in water

A

Metal + H2O –> metallic hydroxide + hydrogen gas

  • Metal switches with the first hydrogen in water (HOH) and the hydrogen bonds with itself *

Na + H2O –>NaOH + H2
Ca + H2O –>Ca(OH)2 + H2

19
Q

Indicators of a chemical change

A 
Color change
Odor change
Heat/Energy change 
Participate formed
Gas produced
20
Q

SI Base Units

Length

A

Meter– m

21
Q

SI Base Units

Time

A

Seconds–sec

22
Q

SI Base Units

Mass

A

Kilogram–Kg

23
Q

SI Base Units

Thermodynamic Temperature

A

Kelvin–K

24
Q

SI Base Units

Amount of a Substance

A

Moles– mol

25
Q

SI Base Units

Electric currents

A

Ampere– A

26
Q

SI Prefixes

Kilo

A

1,000—– 1,000m=1 km

27
Q

SI Prefixes

Base unit

A

0– base – I meter

28
Q

SI Prefixes

Deci

A

1/10— 10dm=1m

29
Q

SI Prefixes

Centi

A

1/100–100cm=1m

30
Q

SI Prefixes

Milli

A

1/1,000–1000mm=1m

31
Q

1 Liter is equivalent to…

A

1000ml=1dm3=1,000cm3

32
Q

Equation for density is

A

D=m/v

33
Q

Type 1 binary compounds

A

Elements we know the oxidation numbers for and a nonmetal.

Ex
Magnesium fluoride
MgF2

34
Q

Type II Binary compounds

A

Metal with oxidation unknown forms with nonmetal

USE ROMAN NUMERALS 
I        VI
II       VII
III      VIII
IV      IX
V       X

EX:
FeCl2
Iron( II ) Chloride

35
Q

Type III Binary Compounds

A

Nonmetal forms with a nonmetal

USE PREFIXES

1 mono        6 hexa
2 di              7 hepta
3 tri              8 octa
4 tetra          9 nona
5 penta        10 deca

EX: N2O3
Dinitrogen Trioxide

36
Q

Polyatomic Ions that contain oxygen

A 
CO3  2-       Carbonate
ClO3  1-      Chlorate 
NO3 1-        Nitrate 
PO4  3-       Phosphate
SO4  2-       Sulfate

One more oxygen Per___ate
Most common ___ate
One less oxygen ___ite
Two less oxygen Hypo___ite

Example
Precarbonate
Carbonate
Carbonite
Hypocarbonite
37
Q

Naming acids that DO NOT contain Oxygen

A

Acids that DO NOT contain oxygen

Hydro+root of second element+ic+acid

HF – hydrofluoric acid

38
Q

Naming acids that do contain oxygen

A

Name of polyatomic ion root+ic/ous+acid
ate-ic ite-ous
Carbonic acid – H2CO3

HClO4 – prechloric acid

39
Q

Naming Hydrated Compounds

A

Use naming system + • prefix hydrate

Copper (II) Sulfate •penta hydrate
CuSO4 •5H2O

40
Q

Saturated compounds

A

C(number it is x 2) H(number of C + 2)

Methane       Hexane 
Ethane          Heptane 
Propane        Octane 
Butane          Nonane 
Pentane        Decane
41
Q

Avagadros Law

A

Two gases of the same volume under the same pressure and temperature then they have the same number of molecules

Chemistry (11 decks)

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