Final Study Guide Flashcards
Definition of Epidemiology
Study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in populations and the application of study for control of health problems
Contributions of John snow
Contributed association of public habits (ie pump and cholera ) to health and disease
Removing pump handle or changing it helped with disease
Inez Semmelweis was
Someone who proposed hygiene rules around childbirth to prevent infection
Primary prevention
Preventing disease before it even develops like using condoms
Secondary prevention
Catching diagnosis early ie colonoscopy, Pap smear
Tertiary prevention
Reducing complications and improve quality of life, clinical symptoms already therequality of life
Epidemiologic Triad
Agents bacteria or virus
Host - thing that has the disease
Environments what causes people to get the agent
Sensitivity vs specificity
Sensitivity is positive tests are positive for disease, specificity is designating negative test results as negative
Sensitivity equation
A/a+c
Specificity equation
D/d+b
Positive predictive value
Probability that positive test result = having disease
a/a+b
Negative predictive value
Ratio of all negatives to negative test results
d/d+c
False positive
Tests positive, does not have disease
False negative
Tests negative, has disease
Cause specific mortality rate
Deaths from disease/population
Proportionate mortality
Deaths from disease/total deaths
Case fatality rate
Death due to disease/cases of disease
Odds ratio
A d/bc
Mortality rate
Deaths/population
Morbidity
Having a disease
Case fatality rate
of deaths due to disease in specific post diagnosis time/ s of indidpvidualts with disease
Prevalence vs incidence
Prevalence is the number of cases in the population at a specific time divided by population while incidence is the number of new cases of disease
Risk vs rate
Risk- number new cases that occur in time period in at risk pop
Rate number of new cases over total person time
parameter
attribute of a population
