Final (Study guide) Flashcards
What joint movements changes GRF?
Pronation/Supination
Rear-foot is referring to the _____?
Calcaneus
Mid-foot is referring to the _____?
2nd rocker
Forefoot is referring to the _____?
Center of pressure through 1st Ray
What body part is important in improving gait biomechanics?
Foot
What can over-pronation do in closed chain?
Can cause problemos
What clinical problems can over-pronation cause in the hip joint?
-Anterior Pelvic Tilt
-Internal Rotation of the Femur
What clinical problems can over-pronation cause in the knee joint?
-Knee valgus
-Medial Rotation of Fibula and Tibia
*What clinical problems can over-pronation cause in the ankle joint?
-Medial Rotation Talus
-Adduction and Plantarflex Talus
-Calcaneal Eversion
What clinical problems can under-pronation cause in the knee joint?
-Knee Varus
-Lateral Rotation of the Tibia and Fibula
What clinical problems can under-pronation cause in the hip joint?
-Posterior Pelvic Tilt
-Femur External Rotation
*What clinical problems can under-pronation cause in the ankle joint?
Abduction and Dorsiflex Talus Calcaneal Inversion
*What biomechanical variable is associated w/ Knee Osteoarthritis?
Knee Adduction Moment (KAM)
Medially
Explain the relationship b/w KAM and GRF? And when is KAM the highest?
If KAM increases, GRF increases too
-LR (and a little of P-Swing/Toe-off)
What kind of foot type is Medial Compartment Knee OA more prone in?
Overly-pronated feet
What orthotics can help individuals w/ KAM (adduction)?
Valgus wedged insoles and/or orthoses
(Very effective at reducing the external knee adduction moment)
What do UCBL orthotics do?
For over-pronatation/eversion
-Rear foot: Controls the Calcaneal Alignment and give Midfoot support
Purpose of orthotics?
Controls abnormal compensatory movements of the foot by bringing the foot to the floor (surface).
What do orthotics do for the subtalor joint?
Supinates the foot during toe-off
Which makes the foot more rigid!!!
AND MORE RIGID, MORE POWER!
*What phases is the subtalar pronated?
IC/LR/Mid-stance
What does pronation do biomechanically in gait?
Unlocks the subtalar and allows for shock absorption
What does supiantion do biomechanically in gait?
Locks the subtalar and generates power
*What phases is the subtalar supinated?
T-stance
*What phase does the Leaf Spring AFO NOT work for?
Stance phase
*What is the solid AFO used for?
Spasticity
Equinas
PF + inv + ev issues
What does the solid AFO do to the 3 rocker phases?
It DOES not support the 3 rocker phases (NO knee bend -> NO tibial advancement)
What age group do skeletal problems usually affect?
Youth
When to initiate gait training?
-Weight bearing (understanding directions, control trunk+head, equilibrium/protective responses)
-Parallel bars
-Can or quad for advancement
What would an orthotic do for someone who has knee hyperextension?
Sets the ankle joint at neutral or bit of dorsiflexion
Which orthotic would you prescribe to a pt w/ foot drop/excessive PF?
A Solid AFO with support strap
CVA: How do you increase your contralateral step length? Why?
Increase stance phase time on affected limb
-Means more trailing limb and sensory input
CVA: How do you prevent swing limb deviations and decrease duration of swing?
-SLA: Increase Knee flexion during mid-swing = foot clearance
-Increase PF ROM = more push-off/toe-off
-Standing balance
What does Parkinson’s gait look like?
-Small step length
-NO arm swing
Both limbs are involved (making things harder)
What is necessary for gait emergence?
-Motor Production (Stabilization and force or Power)
-Sensory Apparatus (Vision, Vestibular, Somatosensory (Tactile/Pressure and Proprioception)
Sensory Contributions to gait?
-Vision
-Vestibular System
-Somatosensory / Proprioception
Characteristics of initial infant gait (First steps)
Upper Limbs: No Arm Swing
Upper Limbs: High Guard
-High Step pattern
-Wide BoS
No push off
-Knees flexed at stance
-Short Steps
-Synchronized Patterns in Legs
-Waddling Pattern
Development of gait factors first year?
-Locomotion pattern (CPG): innate
-Motivation to walk
-Postural control
-Standing on one leg (cruising)
-High guard posture
