Final (Study guide)

Question 1

What joint movements changes GRF?

Answer 1

Pronation/Supination

Question 2

Rear-foot is referring to the _____?

Answer 2

Calcaneus

Question 3

Mid-foot is referring to the _____?

Answer 3

2nd rocker

Question 4

Forefoot is referring to the _____?

Answer 4

Center of pressure through 1st Ray

Question 5

What body part is important in improving gait biomechanics?

Answer 5

Foot

Question 6

What can over-pronation do in closed chain?

Answer 6

Can cause problemos

Question 7

What clinical problems can over-pronation cause in the hip joint?

Answer 7

-Anterior Pelvic Tilt
-Internal Rotation of the Femur

Question 8

What clinical problems can over-pronation cause in the knee joint?

Answer 8

-Knee valgus
-Medial Rotation of Fibula and Tibia

Question 9

*What clinical problems can over-pronation cause in the ankle joint?

Answer 9

-Medial Rotation Talus
-Adduction and Plantarflex Talus
-Calcaneal Eversion

Question 10

What clinical problems can under-pronation cause in the knee joint?

Answer 10

-Knee Varus
-Lateral Rotation of the Tibia and Fibula

Question 11

What clinical problems can under-pronation cause in the hip joint?

Answer 11

-Posterior Pelvic Tilt
-Femur External Rotation

Question 12

*What clinical problems can under-pronation cause in the ankle joint?

Answer 12

Abduction and Dorsiflex Talus Calcaneal Inversion

Question 13

*What biomechanical variable is associated w/ Knee Osteoarthritis?

Answer 13

Knee Adduction Moment (KAM)
Medially

Question 14

Explain the relationship b/w KAM and GRF? And when is KAM the highest?

Answer 14

If KAM increases, GRF increases too
-LR (and a little of P-Swing/Toe-off)

Question 15

What kind of foot type is Medial Compartment Knee OA more prone in?

Answer 15

Overly-pronated feet

Question 16

What orthotics can help individuals w/ KAM (adduction)?

Answer 16

Valgus wedged insoles and/or orthoses
(Very effective at reducing the external knee adduction moment)

Question 17

What do UCBL orthotics do?

Answer 17

For over-pronatation/eversion
-Rear foot: Controls the Calcaneal Alignment and give Midfoot support

Question 18

Purpose of orthotics?

Answer 18

Controls abnormal compensatory movements of the foot by bringing the foot to the floor (surface).

Question 19

What do orthotics do for the subtalor joint?

Answer 19

Supinates the foot during toe-off
Which makes the foot more rigid!!!
AND MORE RIGID, MORE POWER!

Question 20

*What phases is the subtalar pronated?

Answer 20

IC/LR/Mid-stance

Question 21

What does pronation do biomechanically in gait?

Answer 21

Unlocks the subtalar and allows for shock absorption

Question 22

What does supiantion do biomechanically in gait?

Answer 22

Locks the subtalar and generates power

Question 23

*What phases is the subtalar supinated?

Answer 23

T-stance

Question 24

*What phase does the Leaf Spring AFO NOT work for?

Answer 24

Stance phase

Question 25

*What is the solid AFO used for?

Answer 25

Spasticity Equinas PF + inv + ev issues

Question 26

What does the solid AFO do to the 3 rocker phases?

Answer 26

It DOES not support the 3 rocker phases (NO knee bend -> NO tibial advancement)

Question 27

What age group do skeletal problems usually affect?

Answer 27

Youth

Question 28

When to initiate gait training?

Answer 28

-Weight bearing (understanding directions, control trunk+head, equilibrium/protective responses) -Parallel bars -Can or quad for advancement

Question 29

What would an orthotic do for someone who has knee hyperextension?

Answer 29

Sets the ankle joint at neutral or bit of dorsiflexion

Question 30

Which orthotic would you prescribe to a pt w/ foot drop/excessive PF?

Answer 30

A Solid AFO with support strap

Question 31

CVA: How do you increase your contralateral step length? Why?

Answer 31

Increase stance phase time on affected limb -Means more trailing limb and sensory input

Question 32

CVA: How do you prevent swing limb deviations and decrease duration of swing?

Answer 32

-SLA: Increase Knee flexion during mid-swing = foot clearance -Increase PF ROM = more push-off/toe-off -Standing balance

Question 33

What does Parkinson's gait look like?

Answer 33

-Small step length -NO arm swing Both limbs are involved (making things harder)

Question 34

What is necessary for gait emergence?

Answer 34

-Motor Production (Stabilization and force or Power) -Sensory Apparatus (Vision, Vestibular, Somatosensory (Tactile/Pressure and Proprioception)

Question 35

Sensory Contributions to gait?

Answer 35

-Vision -Vestibular System -Somatosensory / Proprioception

Question 36

Characteristics of initial infant gait (First steps)

Answer 36

Upper Limbs: No Arm Swing Upper Limbs: High Guard -High Step pattern -Wide BoS No push off -Knees flexed at stance -Short Steps -Synchronized Patterns in Legs -Waddling Pattern

Question 37

Development of gait factors first year?

Answer 37

-Locomotion pattern (CPG): innate -Motivation to walk -Postural control -Standing on one leg (cruising) -High guard posture