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534: Gait > Final (Study guide) > Flashcards

Final (Study guide) Flashcards

1
Q

What joint movements changes GRF?

A

Pronation/Supination

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2
Q

Rear-foot is referring to the _____?

A

Calcaneus

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3
Q

Mid-foot is referring to the _____?

A

2nd rocker

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4
Q

Forefoot is referring to the _____?

A

Center of pressure through 1st Ray

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5
Q

What body part is important in improving gait biomechanics?

A

Foot

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6
Q

What can over-pronation do in closed chain?

A

Can cause problemos

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7
Q

What clinical problems can over-pronation cause in the hip joint?

A

-Anterior Pelvic Tilt
-Internal Rotation of the Femur

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8
Q

What clinical problems can over-pronation cause in the knee joint?

A

-Knee valgus
-Medial Rotation of Fibula and Tibia

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9
Q

*What clinical problems can over-pronation cause in the ankle joint?

A

-Medial Rotation Talus
-Adduction and Plantarflex Talus
-Calcaneal Eversion

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10
Q

What clinical problems can under-pronation cause in the knee joint?

A

-Knee Varus
-Lateral Rotation of the Tibia and Fibula

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11
Q

What clinical problems can under-pronation cause in the hip joint?

A

-Posterior Pelvic Tilt
-Femur External Rotation

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12
Q

*What clinical problems can under-pronation cause in the ankle joint?

A

Abduction and Dorsiflex Talus Calcaneal Inversion

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13
Q

*What biomechanical variable is associated w/ Knee Osteoarthritis?

A

Knee Adduction Moment (KAM)
Medially

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14
Q

Explain the relationship b/w KAM and GRF? And when is KAM the highest?

A

If KAM increases, GRF increases too
-LR (and a little of P-Swing/Toe-off)

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15
Q

What kind of foot type is Medial Compartment Knee OA more prone in?

A

Overly-pronated feet

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16
Q

What orthotics can help individuals w/ KAM (adduction)?

A

Valgus wedged insoles and/or orthoses
(Very effective at reducing the external knee adduction moment)

17
Q

What do UCBL orthotics do?

A

For over-pronatation/eversion
-Rear foot: Controls the Calcaneal Alignment and give Midfoot support

18
Q

Purpose of orthotics?

A

Controls abnormal compensatory movements of the foot by bringing the foot to the floor (surface).

19
Q

What do orthotics do for the subtalor joint?

A

Supinates the foot during toe-off
Which makes the foot more rigid!!!
AND MORE RIGID, MORE POWER!

20
Q

*What phases is the subtalar pronated?

A

IC/LR/Mid-stance

21
Q

What does pronation do biomechanically in gait?

A

Unlocks the subtalar and allows for shock absorption

22
Q

What does supiantion do biomechanically in gait?

A

Locks the subtalar and generates power

23
Q

*What phases is the subtalar supinated?

A

T-stance

24
Q

*What phase does the Leaf Spring AFO NOT work for?

A

Stance phase

25
Q

*What is the solid AFO used for?

A

Spasticity
Equinas
PF + inv + ev issues

26
Q

What does the solid AFO do to the 3 rocker phases?

A

It DOES not support the 3 rocker phases (NO knee bend -> NO tibial advancement)

27
Q

What age group do skeletal problems usually affect?

A

Youth

28
Q

When to initiate gait training?

A

-Weight bearing (understanding directions, control trunk+head, equilibrium/protective responses)

-Parallel bars

-Can or quad for advancement

29
Q

What would an orthotic do for someone who has knee hyperextension?

A

Sets the ankle joint at neutral or bit of dorsiflexion

30
Q

Which orthotic would you prescribe to a pt w/ foot drop/excessive PF?

A

A Solid AFO with support strap

31
Q

CVA: How do you increase your contralateral step length? Why?

A

Increase stance phase time on affected limb
-Means more trailing limb and sensory input

32
Q

CVA: How do you prevent swing limb deviations and decrease duration of swing?

A

-SLA: Increase Knee flexion during mid-swing = foot clearance
-Increase PF ROM = more push-off/toe-off
-Standing balance

33
Q

What does Parkinson’s gait look like?

A

-Small step length
-NO arm swing
Both limbs are involved (making things harder)

34
Q

What is necessary for gait emergence?

A

-Motor Production (Stabilization and force or Power)
-Sensory Apparatus (Vision, Vestibular, Somatosensory (Tactile/Pressure and Proprioception)

35
Q

Sensory Contributions to gait?

A

-Vision
-Vestibular System
-Somatosensory / Proprioception

36
Q

Characteristics of initial infant gait (First steps)

A

Upper Limbs: No Arm Swing
Upper Limbs: High Guard

-High Step pattern
-Wide BoS
No push off
-Knees flexed at stance
-Short Steps
-Synchronized Patterns in Legs
-Waddling Pattern

37
Q

Development of gait factors first year?

A

-Locomotion pattern (CPG): innate
-Motivation to walk
-Postural control
-Standing on one leg (cruising)
-High guard posture

38
Q
A

534: Gait (2 decks)

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