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Health Science > Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Study Guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What 3 things are needed to start and sustain a fire?

A

fuel, heat, oxygen

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2
Q

Describe ergonomics.

A

applied science used to promote the safety and well-being of a person by adapting the environment and using techniques to prevent injuries

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3
Q

What 4 things do microorganisms need to grow and reproduce?

A

food, moisture, darkness, warm environment

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4
Q

What are the 6 chains in the chain of infection?

A

causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

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5
Q

causative agent

A

pathogen that causes a disease (bacteria or parasite)

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6
Q

reservoir

A

area where causative agent lives (human body)

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7
Q

portal of exit

A

way for the causative agent to escape from the reservoir in which it has been growing; urine, feces, saliva, blood, tears, sexual secretions, or draining wounds

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8
Q

mode of transmission

A

way that the causative agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host; direct or indirect

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9
Q

portal of entry

A

way for the causative agent to enter a new reservoir (breaks in skin or mucus membranes in body)

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10
Q

susceptible host

A

person likely to get an infection or disease because of weakened body defenses

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11
Q

Why is warm water used during handwashing?

A

Warm water creates the best lather.

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12
Q

types of fires

A

Water: pressurized water, (class A fires)
Carbon dioxide: cloud, cool ice or snow that displaces air and oxygen (class B or C)
Dry chemical (ABC): smothers fire (class A, B, or C)
Halon**: gas interferes with chemical reaction of burning fuel (Class B or C)

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13
Q

classes of fires

A

Class A: fires of combustible (paper, cloth, plastic, wood)
Class B: flammable liquids (gasoline, oil, paint, grease)
Class C: electrical fires (fuse boxes, appliances, wiring and electrical outlets)
If possible turn off electricity before use.
Class D**: used on burning or combustible metals-magnesium, titanium, sodium
Class K: vegetable oils, animal oils, or fats in cooking appliances.
Located: commercial kitchens (restaurants, cafeterias, and caterers )
Class ABC: class A, B, and C combined

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14
Q

four main types of infections

A

Endogenous: infection or disease originates within the body (tumors)
Exogenous: infection or disease originates outside the body (trauma or electric shock)
Nosocomial: infection acquired by an individual in a healthcare facility such as a hospital (pneumonia while laying in bed)
Opportunistic: infections occur when the body’s defenses are weak (AIDS pt developing pneumonia)

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15
Q

premium

A

the amount of money taken out of each paycheck of the individual in order to pay for insurance coverage; fee the individual pays for insurance coverage

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16
Q

deductible

A

amount that must be paid by the patient for medical services before the policy begins to pay

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17
Q

co-payment

A

a specific amount of money a patient pays for particular service, regardless total cost

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18
Q

co-insurance

A

a patient may have met the required amount and insurance will begin to cover, but they will only cover a specific percentage of the expense such as an 80/20; a specific amount of money that insurance pays for healthcare in addition to what you pay

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19
Q

medicare

A

health insurance for anyone 65 or older or for those who have been disabled for at least 2 years or those with end stage renal disease

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20
Q

medicaid

A

health insurance for people with low income, children who may qualify, or those who are physically disabled or blind

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21
Q

Geriatric care will experience a rapid ________ (increase or decrease) in the future.

A

increase

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22
Q

Is outpatient care more or less expensive than in-patient care?

A

less

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23
Q

Early intervention and preventative services are ______ (more or less) cost-effective than treating the illness after it has occurred.

A

more

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24
Q

rehab centers

A

provide care for individuals with physical or mental handicaps to allow maximum self-care and function

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25
Q

mental health facilities

A

provide guidance, counseling, and chemical abuse treatment centers

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26
Q

long term care

A

provide assistance and care for elderly or disabled people

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27
Q

hospice care

A

provide care for terminally ill persons

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28
Q

dialysis clinic

A

provides care for people with kidney issues (disease or failure)

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29
Q

What is the major difference between complementary and alternative medicine?

A

Complementary is used in addition to standard medicine and alternative is used instead of standard medicine.

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30
Q

_________ teaches deep breathing and muscle relaxation in order to stimulate better muscle reflexes.

A

meditation

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31
Q

_______ use a small amount of diluted drugs in order to invoke an immune system response.

A

homeopaths

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32
Q

What type of therapy do naturopaths use? Give examples.

A

They use natural therapies such as fasting, special diets, lifestyle changes, and supportive approaches to promote healing. They avoid the use of surgery or medicinal agents to treat disease.

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33
Q

Heat and electrical stimulation may be applied to needles during the use of _______.

A

acupuncture

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34
Q

ayurveda

A

natural system of medicine; based on the idea that disease is due to imbalance of stress; used to regain balance to the mind and body

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35
Q

yoga

A

hindu discipline that uses concentration, specific positions, and ancient ritual movements to maintain the balance and flow of life; believed to encourage the use of both the body and mind to achieve a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility; used to improve spiritual enlightenment and well-being, develop an awareness of the body to improve coordination, relieve stress and anxiety, and increase muscle tone

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36
Q

Tai Chi

A

a series of sequential, slow, graceful, and precise body movements that increase energy flow throughout the body; based on the belief that health is in harmony with nature and the universe and a balanced state of yin and yang; used to improve stamina, balance, coordination, and leads to a sense of well-being; also used to treat digestive disorders, stress, depression, and arthritis

37
Q

meditation

A

therapy that teachers breathing and muscle relaxation techniques to quiet the mind by focusing attention on obtaining a sense of oneness within oneself; based on the idea that the mind can be focused by obtaining a sense of oneness within oneself; used to reduce stress and pain, slow heart rate, lower blood pressure, and stimulate reaction

38
Q

Vaccines: What disease can be contracted through a cut in skin?

A

tetanus- DTAP treats

39
Q

Vaccines: Given to teens to prevent STD

A

HPV vaccines

40
Q

Vaccines: What disease causes toxins to be released in back of throat, prevents swallowing/breathing?

A

diphtheria

41
Q

Vaccines: disease that causes multiple blisters that can lead to septicemia

A

varicella (chicken pox)

42
Q

Tests: What disease does PSA/digital rectal exam prevent/detect?

A

prostate cancer

43
Q

Tests: When should SBEs/mammograms be started?

A

SBEs: late teens-20
Mammograms: 50

44
Q

Tests: cholesterol screening helps to prevent

A

stroke or heart attack (blocked arteries)

45
Q

What are the signs of a severe allergic reaction?

A

trouble breathing, swelling of the face and tongue, hives, and person may stop responding

46
Q

If someone falls down and then becomes sleepy/confused, vomits, or complains of a headache, this may be a sign of:

A

head injury

47
Q

Someone bitten by an insect/bee may have a severe allergic reaction and should be watched for at least ___ minutes.

A

30

48
Q

A person with a/an __________ is usually awake and can talk but may have pain or pressure in the chest.

A

heart attack

49
Q

The warning signs of _______ include sudden numbness/weakness of face, arm, or leg, especially on one side.

A

stroke

50
Q

If a dressing becomes soaked with blood what should you do?

A

You should leave the soaked one on and put more dressings on top. If you take the soaked one off, it will remove the blood clot that is stopping the flow of blood.

51
Q

How do you treat a person having a seizure?

A

Remove nearby objects, monitor the person, comfort the person, check for medical jewelry, loosen clothing, etc.

52
Q

A person with a nosebleed should lean:

A

forward

53
Q

If a large stick or knife has been pushed into someone’s body, what should you do with the object?

A

leave it in

54
Q

You are caring for a child with a painful, blistered arm from hot liquid. What should you do?

A

You should take the child to the sink and put cold, but not ice cold, water over the burn until the pain goes away.

55
Q

What term is used to describe how both eyes work together in sync?

A

binocular

56
Q

What is the pathway for air as it is breathed in?

A

Nose→trachea→bronchi→bronchioles→alveoli (air sacs)

57
Q

What term is used to describe how the eyes adjust for seeing objects at various distances?

A

accomodation

58
Q

Arteries carry _______ blood ______ from the heart while veins carry _______ blood ______ the heart.

A

oxygenated, away; deoxygenated, towards

59
Q

A pulse rate above 100 beats per minute in an adult is _________.

A

tachycardic

60
Q

This type of pulse is measured by listening over the heart with a stethoscope.

A

apical

61
Q

What is the name given to the “colored” part of the eye?

A

iris

62
Q

What are the purposes of the integumentary system?

A

largest organ system, protects against injury and dehydration, intact skin defends against invading microorganisms, temperature regulation, and touch receptor; includes skin, hair, nails, and glands

63
Q

To decrease light, eye muscles _______ and make the pupil _______ but in order to increase light, the muscles ________ and make the pupil ________.

A

contract, smaller; dilate/expand, bigger

64
Q

What are some important tasks to remember related to daily weighing?

A

weigh at the same time daily, on the same scale, before eating or drinking, empty the bladder before weighing, any disease?

65
Q

Complete the basic principle: Respect the patient’s choice to die ________ and with ________ in accordance with directives.

A

peacefully, dignity

66
Q

Jennifer brings her new friend Anna to a girls’ dinner. A few days later, Tiffany calls to schedule another girls’ night but asks that Anna not come because the other girls did not have anything to talk to Anna about since she did not go to college. This is an example of ____.

A

bias

67
Q

________ care provides for the well-being of the person through physical, social, emotional and mental needs.

A

holistic

68
Q

Bailey is a 22 yo college student who requests that her family be contacted in order for them to help her make a decision about a surgery she needs. She provides a list of her mom, dad and brother. You recognize this as a _______ family.

A

nuclear

69
Q

You are needing to do morning rounds on patients. You enter into the first room and see the patient kneeling on a mat next to the bed, you should _______.

A

leave and return later (muslim is praying to Allah)

70
Q

An _______ is an individual who believes that the existence of God cannot be proved or disproved.

A

agnostic

71
Q

You are taking care of a patient who is really concerned about his recent diagnosis and asks if he can call his Shaman to come and pray/meditate with him, you recognize that his beliefs about healthcare are centered around ________ culture.

A

native american

72
Q

When Ron entered into Mrs. M’s room, her husband quickly asks, “Are you going to be my wife’s nurse? Is there not another nurse that can help us?” Ron does not get offended by realizes it is because of their _________ culture.

A

middle eastern

73
Q

Mr. K winces every time you try to reposition his broken leg while he is laying in the bed but he refuses pain medication because his ______ culture sees displaying pain publicly as a disgrace.

A

asian

74
Q

You enter into Mr. H’s room to see him meditating with his wrist beads. He mutters something about Karma and that he doesn’t understand his stage 4 cancer diagnosis since he has been a good person. You recognize this as part of his religion of _________.

A

buddhism

75
Q

acceptance of criticism

A

realizing everyone has room for improvement and listening to advice given by others

76
Q

discretion

A

using good judgement in what you say and do

77
Q

tact

A

having the ability to say or do the kindest of most fitting things in a difficult situation

78
Q

self-motivation

A

being able to begin and follow through with a task, determine things needing to be done without constant direction

79
Q

competence

A

being qualified and capable of performing a task

80
Q

empathy

A

being able to identify with and understand another’s feelings, situations, and motives

81
Q

dependability

A

reliable to be prompt in completing assigned tasks accurately

82
Q

What are the 3 essential elements involved in the communication process?

A

Sender: an individual who creates a message to convey information or an idea to another person
Message: information, ideas, or thoughts
Receiver: an individual who receives the message from the sender

83
Q

______ is the exchange of information, thoughts, ideas and feelings.

A

communication

84
Q

______ is a method used to evaluate if the communication was successful.

A

feedback

85
Q

________ data (can measure; visible to others; fact) is called signs while ________ data (cannot be observed by others) is called symptoms.

A

objective, subjective

86
Q

_________ communication involves the use of facial expressions, gestures and eye contact.

A

non-verbal

87
Q

objective data examples

A

vital signs, physical examination findings, and laboratory results

88
Q

subjective data examples

A

a patient’s pain level and their descriptions of symptoms

Health Science (1 decks)

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