Final Study Flashcards
Why was Asbestos used from the end of WW2 up to 1980s?
Fire protection
What are come unique properties of asbestos
fibre shape,
silky lustre,
great strength,
flexibility,
low thermal and conductivity,
high absorbency,
high chemical and mechanical durability, and
is relatively in-combustible
What are the 6 types of asbestos
- CHRYSOTILE (white)
- AMOSITE (brown)
- CROCIDOLITE (blue)
- TREMOLITE
- ANTHOPHYLITE
- ACTINOLITE
Which type of asbestos is the most common?
Chrysotile
Which is the white asbestos
Chrysotile
Which is the brown asbestos
Amosite
Which is the blue asbestos
Crocidolite
What does PLM stand for
polarized light microscopy
what is PLM for
It distinguishes between asbestos and non-asbestos fibres
which types of asbestos were mined world wide?
chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite
What is a great feature of crocidolite and amosite
excellent heat and acid resistance properties
What is a great feature of chrysotile
strong fibres
What are the primary uses of asbestos
- Thermal Stability -able to withstand temperatures
- Thermal Insulation and Condensation Control -an excellent insulating material
- Chemical Resistance - resistant to chemical attack
- Tensile Strength - flexibility
- Electrical Insulation - nonconductive of electricity
- Acoustic Insulation - absorption of sound energy
Some of the self-explanatory properties of asbestos fibres are:
- strength when wet
- filtration capabilities
- drying and absorption capabilities
- relative low material density
Which types of asbestos were used as fire-proofing materials
chrysotile
amosite
crocidolite
When was the ban on asbestos-containing material put in place?
1970s
Examples of asbestos paper products
roofing felt
pipe instulation
floor paper
paperboard
Industrial and commercial asbestos products
- Thermal Insulation and Sprayed Fireproofing
- asbestos Containing Paper and Felt Products
- Asbestos Cement-Like Products
- Floor Surface Coverings
- Friction Materials
- Asbestos Containing Glues, Sealants, and Adhesives
- Asbestos-Reinforced Plastics
What is friable
A friable material or product is any asbestos containing material that can be crushed,
pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure.
The asbestos ores can be grouped into two mineralogic categories :
serpentine and amphiboles
Approximately __ percent of asbestos-containing materials and products installed and used throughout Canada consisted of chrysotile asbestos.
90
Asbestos containing products and materials in buildings do
not become a hazard until
damaged or deteriorating surfaces appear, when asbestos fibres can be
released from the other mixed materials (vinyl, plaster, paper, tar, cellulose) and will fall apart by the use of hand pressure and become airborne.
Asbestos POINTS OF ENTRY INTO THE BODY
skin, the digestive tract and the respiratory tract.
The fibres can be ___ times smaller
than the diameter of the human hair.
500
What are health effects caused by asbestos
- Asbestosis
- Bronchogenic Carcinoma
- Mesothelioma
What is Asbestosis
fibrous scarring of the lung tissue, which makes breathing
difficult
Dose-response relationship. This means that the more exposure to asbestos the greater the chance of contracting asbestosis
The TLV for asbestos is:
the threshold limit value (TLV) of 0.1 flee (fibres of asbestos per cubic centimetre of air)
8H
What is Bronchogenic Carcinoma (lung cancer)
uncontrolled growth of cells in the lung tissue.
It is the single most cause of asbestos-related illness
What is Mesothelioma
However, it is a rapidly progressing malignant tumor that
is usually fatal within 10 to 30 months after diagnosis.
mesothelioma does not appear be dose response related
Smoking does not appear to affect the chances of getting mesothelioma
Examples of work practices that will minimize injury to workers to asbestos
- TRAINING PROGRAMS - All
aspects of asbestos abatement must be covered - SAFE WORK PRACTICES
What is the acceptable method to remove asbestos?
The acceptable method of removing asbestos-containing materials is to wet the material down and immediately remove and bag it
The area where
the removal must be enclosed and kept under negative pressure by constantly filtering the contaminated air through a High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter, which discharges outside.
How do you determine the correct type of respiratory protection for asbestos
The amount of fibres in the airstream will determine what type of respiratory protection is appropriate
Respirators are classified as either
air-purifying
air-supplied (air line)
or self-contained
T/F : The self contained (SCBA) supply is normally used with a full-face mask
T
two basic types of air-purifying respirators
negative
-increase the resistance to breathing, therefore, the wearer must be in good physical condition
-used for asbestos abatement
and positive pressure
QUALITATIVE FIT TESTS includes
- Exercises (breathing , movement, talking, irritant to smoke)
- Odour Vapour Test
- If the wearer is unable to smell the banana sented oil outside, then a satisfactory
test is assumed - Taste Test
- If the wearer is unable to taste the chemical, then a satisfactory fit is assumed
how often must a QUALITATIVE FIT TESTS be done
every 6 months
ASBESTOS DISPOSAL REQUIREMENTS
All asbestos waste must be in a rigid sealed container, double bagged and properly labeled.
Asbestos materials must be disposed of in approved landfills where it will be buried.
Asbestos waste must be properly bagged before leaving the job site.
Classifications of Asbestos Work Sites
- Class/Type I (minor risk)
- Class/Type II (moderate risk)
- Class/Type III (high risk)
Classes of air line respirators
- Constant Flow- the constant or continuous flow model supplies the air to the face piece at a regulated flow.
- Demand Flow- this respirator supplies air only when demanded by the worker
- Pressure Demand - air is supplied to the wearer under positive pressure
What are the health hazards of oil and grease
skin irritation, respiratory problems, carcinogenic risks
What are the health risks of BTEX
cancer, organ damage, and nervous system damage
What are the health hazards of PAHs
cancer, organ damage
What are the health hazards of chlorine gas
lung injury, permanent skin scarring and eye damage, cancer
Health hazards of Mercury
neurological damage, kidney issues, resprioty problems, developmental toxicity
particularly harmful to children and pregnant woman
Health Hazards of Lead
neurological effects, cardiovascular issues, kidney damage, reproductive toxicity
lead poisoning
health hazards of silica
silicosis, lung cancer, COPD, kidney disease, autoimmune disorder
irritation to skin eyes, and respiratory system
Health hazards of respirable dust
respiratory disease, lung cancer
Fugitive Emissions
are releases from the process that may “escape” into the work environment
Chemical Hazards (7)
- Aerosol
- Gases
- Vapours
- Mist
- Particulate
- Fume
- Fibres
Chemical Hazards are:
fugitive emissions from the process are made airborne
Define Gases
“formless fluids” that expand to occupy the space or
enclosure in which they are confined
size of particulate ranges from:
The size of particulate ranges from 0.1-0.25 μm in diameter
created when the material from a volatilized solid cools in air
Fume
respirable size fraction
mean diameter of approximately 10 micrometers
A basic pH ranges
7 to 14
An acidic pH ranges
0 to 7
neutral pH
7
corrosive compound as having a pH of
greater than 12.5 or less than 2
Biological Hazards
- Viral,
- Plants and Animal Allergens,
- Insects and Parasites
- Bacteria and Viruses
- Mould and Fungi
Types of ventilation
Natural Ventilation
-the movement of air is in and out of a space through openings such as windows, doors, and other openings specially designed for this purpose
Mechanical Ventilation
- ventilation system for removing and supplying air within a space uses a mechanical means (fans and blowers)
Mechanical Ventilation types
dilution ventilation
- Uncontaminated air is introduced into the workplace to dilute the contaminants that are being generated.
local exhaust
The advantages of dilution ventilation type of system are that:
They are useful when there are many contaminant generation points
The designs of dilution ventilation systems are relatively simple
They do not require elaborate duct systems The
disadvantages of dilution ventilation types of systems are that
The quantity of contaminant generated must not be too great or the necessary dilution air flow rate will be too large
Workers must be kept far enough away from the contaminant source
The concentrations of release are low
The toxicity of the contaminant must be low
They are typically the most expensive types of systems to operate
T/F Dilution ventilation is generally not recommended for contaminants with TLVs of less than 10 PPM
T
Properties of Asbestos
- Fire resistance
- Mechanical strength
- Chemical resistance
- Thermal insulation
Asbestos-containing materials should
be removed if they are
Damaged and friable
Expected to deteriorate in future.
If it is likely that they will be
disturbed during maintenance,
construction or demolition
LEV stand for
Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems
General considerations for effective control
- contaminant cloud (source, speed direction)
- Work Process requirements
- Operator Requirements
- LEV Hood
3 basic types of LEV Hoods
- enclosing (contain and separate)
- Receiving (receive, contain, and empty)
3.Capturing
Main reasons why systems fail to protect
- Incorrect type of hood is chosen (and could never provide
sufficient protection) - The airborne contaminant isn’t contained or captured.
- LEV hood design doesn’t match the process and
source(s) - Insufficient airflow (various reasons)
MMMF
man-made mineral fibers
MMMF TLV
Most man-made mineral fibres – 1 fibre/ml
Refractory ceramic fibres – 0.2 fibre/ml
Typical exposures to MMMF
- High exposure levels can occur during installation,
construction and removal activities - A particular problem can occur during furnace wrecking
and demolition work involving refractory ceramic fibre
products where these products have been heated to
temperatures of 1000oC or above.
Whatever type of respiratory protection is chosen it
should be
- Adequate
- Suitable
- Correctly used
- Properly stored, maintained, examined and tested
- Of an appropriate standard
