Final Studies

Question 1

Definition of Love

Answer 1

complacency in the sensible good

Question 2

definition of hatred

Answer 2

a dissonance of the appetite from what is apprehended as repugnant or harmful

Question 3

definition of desire

Answer 3

movement towards the sensible good as absent

Question 4

definition of aversion

Answer 4

movement away from the sensible evil as absent

Question 5

definition of joy

Answer 5

rest in the sensible good as possessed

Question 6

definition of sadness

Answer 6

movement consequent upon apprehension of a present evil that deprives one of some good

Question 7

definition of hope

Answer 7

a movement towards a future, difficult, yet attainable good

Question 8

definition of despair

Answer 8

a movement away from a future difficult unattainable good

Question 9

definition of audacity

Answer 9

movement towards an impending future evil to overcome it

Question 10

definition of fear

Answer 10

disturbance of the mind caused by teh apprehension of impending future evil

Question 11

definition of anger

Answer 11

movement of the sensitive appetites for revenge attendant upon sadness and motivated by justice

Question 12

Passions:

Answer 12

movement of the sensitive appetites, arising from a knowledge of a good or evil, accompanied by a bodily transformation

Question 13

How are concupisible passions opposed?

Answer 13

with respect to object of passion ipse

Question 14

How are irascible passions opposed?

Answer 14

based on approach or withdrawal from object

Question 15

The Object of passions of conc power:

Answer 15

sensible good or evil, ordinary passions

Question 16

the object of passions of irasc.

Answer 16

sensible good or evil as arduous

Question 17

Irascible passions are for the sake of…

Answer 17

removing obstacles that hinder the concupiscible appetite from obtaining object.

Question 18

Four conditions for the principle of double effect?

Answer 18

1. object good or morally indif
2. the good effect must come directly from the object and not from evil eff
3. only the good must be intended
4. There must be a proportionally grave reason

Question 19

Direct Voluntary

Answer 19

an act that comes from the power itself, expressly/directly willed. The effect is foreseen and intended.

Question 20

Indirect Voluntary

Answer 20

an act which is not willed direclty but willed in its cause. A consequent effect of some act forseen at least in some way. The effect is foreseen but unintended.

Question 21

WITH REGARD TO THE OBJECT AND THE INTENTION, WHICH ASPECT OF THE MORAL ACT IS MORE FORMAL? MORE SPECIFIC? MORE GENERAL? [Q. 16]

Answer 21

A. Object : intention :: material : formal.
B. Object – specific.
C. Intention – general.
Object End
- Takes a species from the exterior act.
- Material.
- Specific difference is more specific.
- Morality derived from reason.
End
- Takes a species from the interior act of the will.
- Formal.
- Specific difference is more general.
- Morality derived from the will.

Question 22

WHERE DOES THE OBJECT TAKE ITS SPECIES FROM? WHERE DOES IT DERIVE MORALITY? THE REASON OR THE WILL?

Answer 22

A. The object takes its species from exterior action / commanded act.
B. The morality of the object is derived from reason.

Question 23

DEFINE OBJECT OF AN ACTION. WHAT PART DO CIRCUMSTANCES SOMETIMES PLAY IN THE DETERMINATION OF NEW OBJECTS?

Answer 23

A. Object (finis operis) is that to which an act primarily and naturally (i.e., per se) tends to as its term and from which it is named; it gives the natural species of the act.
B. Some circumstances, when they enter into the essence of an act, change the object.
C. “Object” expresses the notion of the completed exterior act.

Question 24

R2. WHERE DOES THE PRIMARY AND ESSENTIAL MORALITY DERIVE FROM?

Answer 24

A. The primary and essential morality of an act is derived from its object, which gives the natural species of the act.

Question 25

R1. WHAT ARE THE THREE FONTS OF THE MORAL ACT?

Answer 25

A. Object, intention, circumstances.
a. All three must be good for an act to be good.