FINAL Spanish 1115 Grammar

Question 1

present progressives (gerundios)

Answer 1

describes action in progress

estar + verb
ex. estoy comiendo

• ar verbs end in -ando
• er and -ir verbs end in -iendo

Question 2

present progressive irregular stems

Answer 2

pedir = pidiendo
decir = diciendo
servir = sirviendo
dormir = durmiendo
traer = trayendo
leer = leyendo
creer = creyendo

Question 3

comparisons of inequality

Answer 3

más/menos + adjective/adverb/noun + que

más/menos + de + numerical expression of quantity or amount

Question 4

comparisons of equality

Answer 4

tan + adjective/adverb + como

tanto(a)(s) + noun + como

Question 5

superlative

Answer 5

definite article + (noun) + más/menos + adjective + de

Question 6

irregular comparative forms

Answer 6

bueno/bien (good) = mejor (best)
malo/mal (bad) = peor (worst)
grande (big) = mayor (older)
pequeño (small) = menor (younger)

Question 7

preterite (regular verbs)

Answer 7

expresses past tense
-ar verbs end in...
yo -é
tú -aste
él/ella/usted -ó
nosotros -amos
vosotros -asteis
ellos/ellas/ustedes -aron

-er/-ir verbs end in...
yo -í
tú -iste
él/ella/usted -ió
nosotros -imos
vosotros -isteis
ellos/ellas/ustedes -ieron

Question 8

irregular preterite verb endings

Answer 8

verbs ending in -gar change “g” to “gu” in yo form ex. pagar > yo pagué

verbs ending in -car change “c” to “qu” in yo form ex. buscar > yo busqué

verbs ending in -zar change “z” to “c” before “é” in yo form ex. empezar > yo empecé

Question 9

irregular preterite verbs (ser and ir)

Answer 9

yo fui
tú fuiste
él/ella/usted fue
nosotros fuimos
vosotros fuisteis
ellos/ellas/ustedes fueron

Question 10

irregular preterite verbs (strong vowels eg. leer/creer)

Answer 10

verbs whose stem ends in strong vowel (a, e, o) change unaccented "i" to "y" in él/ella/usted form 
ex. leer
yo leí
tú leíste
él leyó
nosotros leímos
vosotros leísteis
ellos leyeron

Question 10

irregular preterite verbs (dar)

Answer 10

yo di
tú diste
él/ella/usted dio
nosotros dimos
vosotros disteis
ellos/ellas/ustedes dieron

Question 11

To express how long something has been going on

Answer 11

Hace + length of time + que + verb

Question 12

Pronouns as objects of prepositions

Answer 12

The object of a preposition is the noun or pronoun that immediately follows it
ex. La fiesta es para ella.
Pronouns:
mí - me
ti - you (fam.)
usted - you (form.)
él - him
ella - her
nosotros(as) - us
vosotros(as) - you (fam. plural)
ustedes - you (form.)
ellos - them
ellas - them