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SOC 101 FINAL > FINAL SOC > Flashcards

FINAL SOC Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Samantha and her wife Tammi live together. Which of the following marriage patterns best describes their situation?

A

Monogamy (1 spouse at a time)

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2
Q

Johanna lives in a household with her parents, siblings, and her father’s retired parents. What kind of family household is Johanna’s household?

A

Extended
(family other than immediate)

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3
Q

The sexual division of labor in modern societies refers to the view that men produce and are better suited to the public sphere, while women reproduce and are better suited to the private sphere.

A

True
(societal norms, blue collar vs pink collar)

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4
Q

According to sociologist Nancy Chodorow, why do male children end up identifying more with their fathers and not their mothers?

A

The mother pushes the son away emotionally but maintains the bond with the daughter.
(Freud, psychodynamic feminist perspective the “whys”)

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5
Q

In the traditional nuclear family, the role of wife, mother, and housekeeper was very satisfying to most women.

A

FALSE

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6
Q

Laura is a millennial. Which of the following statements is most likely true regarding her attitudes about marriage and family?

A

Laura is more likely to value parenthood, but less likely to value marriage.

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7
Q

What did Edin and Kefalas’s 2005 study find that Black women in low-income areas considered highly valuable?

A

motherhood and marriage

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8
Q

According to Lareau, what is the effect of accomplishment of natural growth on working-class children?

A

It tends to cultivate early independence, but also leads young people toward jobs that require respect for authority and obedience to directives.
{CONCERTED CULTIVATION)

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9
Q

Some sociologists argue that foreign female workers are filling a “care deficit” in the wealthier countries.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

What type of work are female global citizens most likely to perform?

A

Lower wage

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11
Q

Which of the following statements describes education before the emergence of industrial society?

A

Informal, within the family or immediate community

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12
Q

Penny is a 23-year-old retail assistant manager. She applies for the position of store manager, but the position requires a college degree, and Penny only has a high school diploma. Even though Penny is highly qualified for the position in other ways, she gets passed over and does not get the job. What sociological concept does Penny’s situation exemplify?

A

credential society
(A society in which access to desirable work and social status depends on the possession of a certificate or diploma certifying the completion of a formal education)

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13
Q

In a classic study, Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) intentionally misinformed elementary school teachers about the intelligence test scores of selected students. What did they find?

A

The students who were labeled exceptional ending up out performing their peers regardless of actual results.

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14
Q

Jiahao is an Asian American eighth-grade student who is loved by all his teachers and receives good grades. His teachers believe that Asian American students are more studious than their other students of different races. If Jiahao’s success is actually due to how well he is treated by his teachers and not his natural ability, what would this be an example of?

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy-
(as consequences of labeling, people develop deviant self-concepts, living up to the label is imposed.)

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15
Q

Word poverty is significant because it is linked to ______.

A

Low literacy
(

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16
Q

Over the four decades since the civil rights era, school segregation

A

Segregation has gotten worse.
(despite four decades after the civil-rights era)

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17
Q

There is a weak relationship between educational attainment and the labor force participation rate.

A

FALSE

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18
Q

The foundation of the postindustrial U.S. economy consists of advanced professional occupations and ______.

A

Service workers
(negative effect of the credential society)

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19
Q

Lower-income students benefit more from unpaid internships than students from better-off families do.

A

FALSE
(Lower-income students are more likely to need a job)

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20
Q

Which of the following may be one of COVID-19’s legacies of study abroad programs?

A

An increase in the social class gulf of those who can study abroad.

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21
Q

Which of the following is an example of social change?

A

A restaurant adds a gender-neutral bathroom.

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22
Q

Which of the following is an example of a hegemonic ideology?

A

the belief that employers should only hire English-language speakers in America.
(hegemonic- authority over others, a enforced general accepted view of what is of value)

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23
Q

Which of the following are weaknesses in Karl Marx’s theory of social change?

A

Marx overestimated economic conflict
(Marx overestimated the outcome, and didn’t account for racial, gender and noneconomic factors)

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24
Q

According to Gustave Le Bon, people in crowds are prone to being swept up in group emotions and may lose their ability to make rational decisions as individuals.

A

True

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25
Q

The development of the Tea Party from a collective protest against “big government” into a political movement emphasizing the election of politicians adhering to the central ideas of the U.S. Constitution, limited government, and lower taxes and spending is an example of which theory?

A

Emergent Norm Theory
(norms that are situationally created to support a collective action)

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26
Q

The sudden, temporary, widespread popularity of the toys known as “fidget spinners” is an example of which type of crowd behavior?

A

Fad
(Temporary highly imitated outbreaks of mildly unconventional behavior)

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27
Q

The reaction to the concerns that immunizations lead to autism, although thoroughly debunked by scientists, continues to cause many parents to not vaccinate their children. This is a good example of which type of crowd behavior?

A

Panic
(A massive flight from something that is feared)

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28
Q

How are collective behavior theories different from social movement theories?

A

Collective behavior theories tend to focus on the passive, reactive side of human behavior, while social movement theories see humans as active creators of their own history.

29
Q

Which of the following types of social movements works for change inside the existing political or legal system?

A

Reformist
(bring about change within the existing systems)
Ex: Civil Rights Movement

30
Q

Social movements suffer from ______ when too many people may benefit from the success of a movement’s activism without contributing any time or energy to the cause.

A

The free rider problem
(the people that avoid the cost of social-activism, such as time money, energy and personal resources, but still benefit from the success)

31
Q

Alex discovers she has a serious illness. What are the possible “benefits” for her as she takes on the sick role?

A

Alex could be forgiven for spending days in bed.

32
Q

It is the extent to which a person experiences a state of mental, physical, and social well-being.

A

Health

33
Q

It focuses on identifying and treating physiological and psychological conditions that prevent a person from achieving a state of normal well-being.

A

Medicine

34
Q

It focuses on thwarting disease.

A

Preventative medicine

35
Q

Byron has a major depressive disorder that has been diagnosed by a psychiatrist, and Byron takes an antidepressant for his condition. Which of the following is a likely response to his condition by his friends, family, and coworkers in modern American society?

A

His friends, family, and coworkers will view his illness as a sign of a character weakness.

36
Q

How have attitudes toward alcoholism changed during the 20th century?

A

In the middle of the 20th century, people addicted to alcohol were widely seen as weak and of questionable character, but today alcoholism is seen as a disease.

37
Q

Most industrial societies provide excellent health care for their citizens.

A

False

38
Q

What federal organization protects public health by researching, inspecting, and regulating medications, nutritional fare, devices, cosmetics, vaccines, etc.?

A

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

39
Q

By nearly every measure, health follows the social class curve: Poor people are more likely than their better-off counterparts to suffer chronic illnesses and die earlier.

A

True
Poor people have less access to reliable healthcare

40
Q

What term have researchers used to describe loss of life due to opioid abuse?

A

Deaths of Despair

41
Q

In the United States which group is among the most affected populations in terms of HIV/AIDS?

A

Gay and bisexual men

42
Q

Which disease is a severe public health problem and threatens at least half the global population, with the most vulnerable people living in sub-Saharan Africa?

A

malaria

43
Q

Jamaal is a sociologist who studies populations. In his studies, he is interested in the makeup of a population, as well as how and under what circumstances populations change. What is the term for Jamaal’s field of study?

A

demography
(The science of population size, distribution, and composition.)

44
Q

In the United States, most population growth will take place as a result of ______.

A

immigration

45
Q

Which of the following is a reason female life expectancy is higher than male life expectancy?

A

Females are less likely than males to die in early childhood

46
Q

New understanding of germ theory in the 19th century contributed to a steep decline in maternal mortality.

A

True

47
Q

Why is it difficult to make precise predictions on population growth?

A

Predictions depend on assumptions about behavior.

48
Q

Which of the following is a criticism of Malthus’s theory of overpopulation?

A

Malthus did not take into consideration human innovation in food production.
(population bomb guy)

49
Q

Which statement is true regarding environmental damage to the planet?

A

We are likely approaching a point of no return in inflicting environmental damage on the planet.

50
Q

Which term describes metropolitan areas that are highly interconnected with one another in their role as centers of international power?

A

global cities
Ex: San Fransisco

51
Q

What country is fast becoming the world’s major contributor to greenhouse gases?

A

China

52
Q

Frieda and Gerhart live in Berlin, Germany. They are a young married couple in their mid-20s who both work in software development. They both decided they did not want to have children and wanted, instead, to focus on their careers and their own relationship. Because Frieda and Gerhart’s story is common in Germany, the country is losing population. What is the term to describe this social phenomenon?

A

second demographic transition
(characterized by decreases rates of marriage and fertility, happens after the stabilization period of the first demographic transition)

53
Q

Which of the following are examples of social rights?

A

Retirement pensions and guaranteed income after losing a job or becoming disabled
(broad includes health care insurance, Minium wage floor, ensures social and economic security)

54
Q

Samuel was born into a wealthy family who made their money in shipping during the Industrial Revolution. He went to an elite private boarding school and to an Ivy League college on the East Coast. Samuel worked for a large financial institution, eventually became CEO, then left his position to run for senator, which he won. Today, Samuel writes legislation that benefits corporations and the wealthy. What term did Domhoff use to refer to people like Samuel?

A

Power elite
(a group of people with disproportionately high level of influence and resources who utilize their status to influence the functioning of societal institutions.)

55
Q

Relying solely on coercion is costly and difficult because it requires surveillance and sometimes suppression of the population.

A

True
(example border wall, millions of dollars, to suppress and lock up innocent civilians’)

56
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of an authoritarian form of governance?

A

Political power is exercised by a single person or a small elite.

57
Q

Most modern democracies are based on which type of system?

A

Parliamentary System
(chief of state is the head of the party that has the largest number of seats in the national legislature)

58
Q

In the United States, why are the president and Congress elected separately?

A

to maintain the separation of powers

59
Q

Which of the following is a reason for voter apathy in American politics?

A

In the United States there is not enough political choices

60
Q

Armed conflict can boost productivity and employment, a phenomenon known as a(n) ______.

A

War Economy
(typically in labor-intensive sectors such as industrial production)

61
Q

Social media is an essential part of contemporary terrorism.

A

True
(Conditioning, offers a broad platform of publicity even for small weak groups, social media has multiplied terrorism.)

62
Q

Which of the following contributes the most to concepts of gender?

A

Society and culture

63
Q

Which term best encompasses a person’s sexual identity, sexual attraction, and sexual relationships?

A

Sexuality

64
Q

Which agent of socialization is the first to teach us about gender roles?

A

Family

65
Q

Some sociologists call the family “a factory of gendered personalities” as an acknowledgment of the ______.

A

Power of the family in the production and reproduction of gender.

66
Q

Amaia works as a nurse in a large, metropolitan hospital. One day it occurs to her that nearly every other nurse she knows is female, and most of the doctors are male. Additionally, Amaia realizes that, among the doctors she sees, nearly all of the doctors in pediatrics are females, while most of the vascular surgeons are male. Using her sociological imagination, Amaia sees that that this scenario is an example of ______.

A

Occupational gender segregation
(the concentration of men and women in different occupations, blue and pink collar jobs)

67
Q

Irena is a white woman with a doctorate in sociology, who also identifies as lesbian. Her combination of identities associates her with both powerful groups—white, educated—and marginalized groups—women, LGBTQ+. Which concept does this example demonstrate?

A

Matrix of domination
( A system of social positions in which any individual may concurrently occupy a status. For example gender, race, class, or sexual orientation. As a member of a dominating group or a status of a member of a dominating group)

68
Q

Which of the following was a side effect of COVID-19 across the world?

A

An increase in domestic violence
(people living together for longer hours a day)

69
Q

Which of the following is an ongoing concern for women in poor countries?

A

Adequate education

SOC 101 FINAL (2 decks)

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