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ARCH 262: Modern Architecture from Enlightenment to Millennium > Final Slides > Flashcards

Final Slides Flashcards

1
Q
A

German Pavilion

Albert Speer (1937)

Paris World Fair

  • Monument to German pride and achievement
  • Crowned with an eagle and a swastika
  • Opposite the Soviet Pavilion
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2
Q
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Soviet Pavilion

Boris Iofan (1937)

Paris World Fair

  • Topped by statue of a male worker and peasant woman holding a hammer and a sickle
  • Symbolize the union of workers and peasants
  • Opposite the German pavilion
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3
Q
A

Cathedral of Light at Zepplinfeld

Albert Speer (1934)

Nuremberg

  • Site of Nuremberg rallies
  • Colonnade of 152 anti-aircraft searchlights
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4
Q
A

Plan for the reconstruction of Berlin

Albert Speer (1937)

Berlin

  • Majority of the works were never fully realized
  • Triumphal arch
  • Highways and transportation networks
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5
Q
A

Volkshalle

Albert Speer (1937)

Berlin

  • Never realized
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6
Q
A

Chrsyler Tank Arsenal

Albert Kahn (1941)

Warren, Michigan

  • Rejected mandated policy on windowless factories
  • Lit 24/7 by fluorescent tubes
  • Steel and laminated wood skeleton
  • Hermetically sealed with light cladding
  • Birth of “big box” structure
  • Appropriated corporate architecture for war facilities
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7
Q
A

Ford Motor Bomber Factory, Office Organizational Diagram

Albert Kahn (1942)

Willow Run, Michigan

  • Construction accelerated by Pearl Harbour attack
  • Housed manufaction of B-24 Liberator bomber
  • Organized like a Taylorized assembly line
  • “producer of production lines”
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8
Q
A

Ford Motor Bomber Factory, Interior

Albert Kahn (1942)

Willow Run, Michigan

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9
Q
A

U.S. War Department aka Pentagon

George Bergstorm (1941-43)

Washington DC, USA

  • Built in 11 months
  • Repetition of homogenous concrete components
  • 6 million square feet (largest office building in the world)
  • 26km of corridors
  • 48km of new roads
  • 10000 parking spaces
  • Housed 32000 army workers
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10
Q
A

German and Japanese villages at the Dugway Proving Ground

Eric Mendelsohn et ak. (1943)

Utah

  • Architectural realism aided testing of Napalm bombs
  • Typical German houses built of wood and stone
  • Replicas of Japanese dwellings
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11
Q
A

Manhattan Project, K-25 Gaseous Diffusion Building for isotope separation

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (1944-45)

Oak Ridge, Tennessee

  • Area houses 47000 inhabitants
  • Development of atomic bomb
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12
Q
A

Dymaxion House

Buckminster Fuller (1945)

  • Portable housing
  • Assembled on site
  • Factory manufactory kits
  • Reuse of military assembly lines
  • Steel cables in tension around a centural mast
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13
Q
A

Hansavertiel

IBA (1957)

Berlin

  • Model neighbourhood
  • Urban “free plan” of the “free world”
  • Promoted slogan of the Atlantic Alliance
  • Architects included Alvar Aalto, Walter Gropius, Oscar Niemeyer
  • Dense and informal urban landscape
  • Contrasted axial structure of Stalinallee
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14
Q
A

Hansavertiel Apartment Building

Alvar Aalto (1955-57)

Berlin

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15
Q
A

Hansavertiel Apartment Building, Plan

Alvar Aalto (1955-57)

Berlin

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16
Q
A

Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra

Hans Scharoun (1956-63)

Berlin

  • First component of the Kulturforum
  • Return city to cultural preeminence
  • Situated close to Berlin Wall
  • Monumentality
  • Recycles expressionist ideals
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17
Q
A

Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Interior

Hans Scharoun (1956-63)

Berlin

  • Suspended foyers and boxes
  • Contrasts cavernous space of the auditorium
  • Revolutionized the conception of music venues
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18
Q
A

Palast der Republik

Heinz Graffunder and Karl-Ernst Swora

East Berlin (1973-76)

  • Different kind of monumentality
  • Demolished and rejected as a symbol of totalitarian communism
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19
Q
A

Universal Pictures

Ely Jacques Kahn (1947)

New York

  • Spandrel design
  • Horizontal structural elements are emphasized
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20
Q
A

Lever House

Skidmore, Owings & Merril (1951-52)

New York

  • Designers: Gordan Bunshaft & Natalie De Blois
  • Nocturnal architecture
  • Curtain wall hung from cantilevered slab
    • Not load-bearing
  • Open plaza with garden
  • Removed from the street front
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21
Q
A

Lever House, Slab/Open Office Plan

Skidmore, Owings & Merril (1951-52)

New York

  • Gendering of spaces
  • Office = male businessmen
  • Open space = female secretaries
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22
Q
A

Lever House, Plaza view

Skidmore, Owings & Merril (1951-52)

New York

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23
Q
A

Lever House, Curtain wall detail

Skidmore, Owings & Merril (1951-52)

New York

  • Sheath design
  • No structural members are expressed
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24
Q
A

Seagram Tower

Mies van der Rohe (1958)

New York

  • Detached from street front
  • Raised on pilotis
  • Curtain wall
  • Nocturnal architecture
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25
Q
A

Seagram Tower, Façade detail

Mies van der Rohe (1958)

New York

  • Dominant verticality
  • Mullion design
  • Vertical structural elements are emphasizd
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26
Q
A

Seagram Tower, Plaza

Mies van der Rohe (1958)

New York

  • Extends sidewalk into plaza
  • Synthesis of public space
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27
Q
A

General Panel Corporation Prefabricated Home

Walter Gropius and Konrad Wachsmann (1948)

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28
Q
A

Farnsworth House

Mies van der Rohe (1946-51)

Plano, Illinois

  • Glass creates synthesis between architecture and nature
  • In close proximity to a black maple tree
  • Manufactured steel and plates glass
  • Parallel to the flow of the river
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29
Q
A

Farnsworth House, Plan

Mies van der Rohe (1946-51)

Plano, Illinois

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30
Q
A

Case Study House 8 “Eames House”

Charles and Ray Eames (1949)

Santa Monica

  • Box formed of steel and glass
  • Influenced by De Stijl movement
  • Sliding walls create interior sense of openness
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31
Q
A

Levittown

Burt Glinn (1957)

New York

  • Built for returning veterans
  • Production in manner of an assembly line
  • Originally for caucasian race
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32
Q
A

Original Cape Cod Model

Levitt and Sons (1948)

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33
Q
A

“Ranch” Model

Levitt and Sons (1949)

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34
Q
A

Cranbrook School

Eliel Saarinen (1925)

Bloomfield Hills, Michigan

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35
Q
A

Jefferson National Expansion Memorial

Eero Saarinen (1947/1965)

St Louis, Missouri

  • Competition 1947, Completed 1965
  • Steel caternary arch
  • Synthesis of Gothic motif and modern technology
  • Backdrop to the Old Courthouse (Dred Scott case)
  • Tallest arch and monument
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36
Q
A

Miller House

Eero Saarinen (with Kevin Roche) (1953-57)

Columbus, Indiana

  • 9 square plan
  • Conversation pit
  • Assymetry = loose and dynamic experience
  • Overlaid with symmetrical order
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37
Q
A

Miller House, Column detail

Eero Saarinen (with Kevin Roche) (1953-57)

Columbus, Indiana

  • Columns pay tribute to Barcelona Pavilion
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38
Q
A

Miller House, Plan

Eero Saarinen (with Kevin Roche) (1953-57)

Columbus, Indiana

  • 9 square plan
  • Overlaid symmetry
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39
Q
A

Kresge Auditorium and Kresge Chapel

Eero Saarinen (1950-55)

MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts

  • Auditorium looking forward
  • Thin shell structure
  • Highlights new technology
  • Chapel looking backwards
  • Enclosed by a moat
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40
Q
A

Kresge Chapel, Interior

Eero Saarinen (1950-55)

MIT, Cambridge, Massachussetts

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41
Q
A

Kresge Chapel, Plan

Eero Saarinen (1950-55)

MIT, Cambridge, Massachussetts

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42
Q
A

Morse and Stiles Colleges

Eero Saarinen (1958-62)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

  • Cladding = “masonry with masons”
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43
Q
A

Bath House

Louis Kahn (1954-55)

Ewing Township, New Jersey

  • Symmetrical
  • Cross plan
  • Crude construction in exposed concrete bricks
  • Sacred plan of church appropriated to bath house
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44
Q
A

Yale University Art Gallery

Louis Kahn (1951-54)

New Haven, Connecticut

  • Curtain wall
  • Dominant horizonality
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45
Q
A

Yale University Art Gallery

Louis Kahn (1951-54)

New Haven, Connecticut

  • Drum hides stairwell
  • Triangular coffered ceiling
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46
Q
A

Yale Center for British Art

Louis Kahn (1969-74)

New Haven, Connecticut

  • Creates a whole street front
  • Void corner
  • Urban building
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47
Q
A

Yale University for British Art

Louis Kahn (1969-74)

New Haven, Connecticut

  • Elegy to the room/compartment
  • Opposes modernist open plan
  • “Architecture comes from making a room”
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48
Q
A

Plan Obus

Le Corbusier (1931-32)

Algiers

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49
Q
A

Ministry of Health and Education

Lucio Costa, Oscar Niemeyer, Eduardo Affonso Reidy

Rio (1937-42)

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50
Q
A

Ministry of Health and Education, Detail

Lucio Costa, Oscar Niemeyer, Eduardo Affonso Reidy

Rio (1937-42)

  • Spandrel design
  • Horizonal structural elements are emphasized
  • Curtain wall
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51
Q
A

Museum of Modern Art

Eduardo Affonso Reidy (1953-68)

Rio de Janeiro

52
Q
A

Pedregulho Housing Complex

Eduardo Affonso Reidy (1948-49)

Rio de Janeiro

53
Q
A

Plan for Brasilia

Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer (1956-60)

  • Constructed as an entirely new city
54
Q
A

Plaza of the Three Powers

Oscar Niemeyer (1960)

Brasilia

  • Artistic freedom given by plaza
  • Form counters function to reject tradition
  • Unrestricted architect
55
Q
A

Superblocks

Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer (1960)

Brasilia

56
Q
A

Planalto Palace

Oscar Niemeyer (1960)

Brasilia

57
Q
A

Itamarati Palace

Oscar Niemeyer (1960)

Brasilia

58
Q
A

Itamarati Palace

Oscar Niemeyer (1960)

Brasilia

59
Q
A

Itamarati Palace

Oscar Niemeyer (1960)

Brasilia

60
Q
A

Casa de Vidro (Glass House)

Lina Bo Bardi (1951)

Sao Paulo

  • Combination of transparency and opacity
  • Tree = proximity to nature
  • Away from the city
61
Q
A

Casa de Vidro (Glass House)

Lina Bo Bardi (1951)

Sao Paulo

62
Q
A

SESC-Pompela Leisure Factory

Lina Bo Bardi (with André Vainer and Marcelo Ferraz) (1977-86)

Sao Paulo

63
Q
A

SESC-Pompeia Leisure Factory

Lina Bo Bardi (with André Vainer and Marcelo Ferraz) (1977-86)

Sao Paulo

64
Q
A

Unité d’Habitation

Le Corbusier (1947-52)

Marseille, France

  • Large scale housing
  • Self-contained complex (houses, shops etc.)
  • Béton brut (Raw concrete)
  • Pilotis
65
Q
A

Unité d’Habitation, Detail

Le Corbusier (1947-52)

Marseille, France

66
Q
A

Unité d’Habitation, Typical Unit

Le Corbusier (1947-52)

Marseille, France

67
Q
A

Unité d’Habitation, Roof view

Le Corbusier (1947-52)

Marseille, France

68
Q
A

Notre Dame du Haut

Le Corbusier (1950-54)

Ronchamp

69
Q
A

Notre Dame du Haut, Interior

Le Corbusier (1950-54)

Ronchamp

70
Q
A

Golden Lane Housing

Alison and Peter Smithson (1952)

London

  • Streets suspended in the air
  • Focus on pedestrian community in response to ubiquity of cars
  • The building is designed as part of a larger network
  • Response to need for post-war housing
  • Arranged in synaptic pattern
  • Flexible to the typography
    *
71
Q
A

Derek Sugden House

Alison and Peter Smithson (1955-56)

Watford, England

  • Aysmmetric roof
  • Asymmetric arrangement of windows
72
Q
A

Derek Sugden House, Interior

Alison and Peter Smithson (1955-56)

Watford, England

  • Levels denote function of space
  • Maintains open plan
  • Designed interior furnishings
  • Free-standing fire[lace
73
Q
A

Hunstanton Secondary Modern School

Alison and Peter Smithson (1954)

England

74
Q
A

Hunstanton Secondary Modern School

Alison and Peter Smithson (1954)

England

75
Q
A

Robin Hood Gardens, Axonometric drawing

Alison and Peter Smithson (1966-72)

London, England

  • Social housing
  • Broad aerial walkways
  • Made of precast concrete slabs
  • Brutalist architectue
  • Central green space
76
Q
A

Robin Hood Gardens

Alison and Peter Smithson (1966-72)

London, England

77
Q
A

Orphanage School

Aldo van Eyck (1957-60)

Amsterdam

  • Synthesis of interior and exterior spaces
  • Mirrors embedded in concrete to give a sparkle
78
Q
A

Orphanage School, Roof Detail

Aldo van Eyck (1957-60)

Amsterdam

79
Q
A

Orphanage School, Plan

Aldo van Eyck (1957-60)

Amsterdam

80
Q
A

Festival Plaza and Master Plan

Kenzo Tange (1970)

Osaka 70 World Exhibition, Japan

  • Space frame roof
  • Theme was “Progress and harmony for mankind”
81
Q
A

Festival Plaza and Master Plan

Kenzo Tange (1970)

Osaka 70 World Exhibition, Japan

82
Q
A

Fuji Pavilion

(1970)

Osaka

83
Q
A

Swiss Pavilion

(1970)

Osaka

84
Q
A

USSR Pavilion

(1970)

Osaka

85
Q
A

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

Kenzo Tange (1952)

Hiroshima, Japan

86
Q
A

American Pavilion

Buckminster Fuller (1967)

Expo 67, Montreal, Canada

87
Q
A

London Zoo Aviary

Cedric Price, Frank Newby and Barry Snowdon (1960-65)

Regent’s Park, London

88
Q
A

Fun Palace

Cedric Price and Joan Littlewood (with Frank Newby) (1960-66)

  • Functions revealed to exterior
89
Q
A

Kagawa Prefectural Government Office

Kenzo Tange (1958)

Kagawa

90
Q
A

Tokyo Bay Plan

Kenzo Tange (1960)

Tokyo

91
Q
A

Floating City

Kiyonori Kikutake (1959)

92
Q
A

Yamanashi Communications Center

Kenzo Tange (1966)

Kofu-shi, Japan

93
Q
A

Knights of Columbus

Roche + Dinkeloo (1966-69)

New Haven, USA

94
Q
A

Shizuoka Newspaper Company

Kenzo Tange (1968)

Shizuoka, Japan

95
Q
A

Nagakin Capsule Tower

Kisho Kurokawa (1972)

Tokyo, Japan

96
Q
A

Nagakin Capsule Tower, Individual Unit

Kisho Kurokawa (1972)

Tokyo, Japan

97
Q
A

Vanna Venturi House

Robert Venturi (1964)

Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania

  • Ornamental arch
  • Assymetric façade
98
Q
A

Vanna Venturi House, Plan

Charles Venturi (1964)

Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania

  • Functions are not separate but couple
    • Stairs = window sill = fireplace
    • Rejection of modernist separation of space
  • Tension between elements
  • Niches reveal complexity
99
Q
A

Vanna Venturi House, Interior

Charles Venturi (1964)

Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania

100
Q
A

Fire Station 4

Robert Venturi & Denise Scott Brown (1966)

Columbus, Indiana

101
Q
A

Dixwell Fire Station

Robert Venturi & Denise Scott Brown (1974)

New Haven, Connecticut

102
Q
A

Guild House

Robert Venturi (1960-63)

Philadelphia, PA

  • Graphics and signage coalesce on façade
103
Q
A

Orinda House

Charles Moore (1965)

California

104
Q
A

Orinda House, Plan

Charles Moore (1965)

California

105
Q
A

Moonraker Recreation Center

Charles Moore (1966)

Sea Ranch, Sanoma County, CA

  • Landscape architect: Lawrence Halprin
  • Graphic designer: Barbara Stauffacher Salomon
  • Collaboration of graphic designer and landscape architect
106
Q
A

Sea Ranch

Charles Moore, Joseph Esherick, William Turnbull, et. al.

Sanoma County, CA

  • Landscape architect: Lawrence Halprin
107
Q
A

Moore House

Charles Moore (1966)

New Haven, CT

108
Q
A

Moore House, Interior

Charles Moore (1966)

New Haven, CT

109
Q
A

San Cataldo Cemetery

Aldo Rossi (1971-84)

Modena

110
Q
A

Elementary School, Plan

Aldo Rossi (1972-74)

Fagnano Olona, Italy

111
Q
A

Elementary School

Aldo Rossi (1972-74)

Fagnano Olona, Italy

112
Q
A

Medical Faculty Housing

Lucien Kroll (1976)

Louvain, Belgium

113
Q
A

Piazza d’Italia

Charles Moore (1975-78)

New Orleans

114
Q
A

Seaside Florida

Elizabeth and Duany Platter-Zyberk (1979-)

Florida

  • New urbanism
  • Develop gated communities
  • Reference to traditional domestic architecture
  • Sterilization of prior innovation
115
Q
A

New Colleges

Robert A. M. Stern Architects (2014-17)

Yale University, New Haven, CT

116
Q
A

Leca Swimming Pools

Alvaro Siza (1966)

Leca, Portugal

  • Sensitivity to the landscape
117
Q
A

Serralves Museum

Alvaro Siza (1991-99)

Porto, Portugal

118
Q
A

Serralves Museum

Alvaro Siza (1991-99)

Porto, Portugal

119
Q
A

Therme Vals

Peter Zumptor (1997)

Vals, Switzerland

  • Sensitivity to the landscape
120
Q
A

Glass Pavilion

SANAA (Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa) (2007)

Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio

  • Heightened materiality
  • Innovative liquid quality
  • Lightness
  • Curtain wall
121
Q
A

Grace Farms

SANAA (Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa) (2016)

New Canaan, CT

122
Q
A

Grace Farms

SANAA (Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa) (2016)

New Canaan, CT

123
Q
A

Tama Art University Library

Toyo Ito (2002)

Hachioji/Tokyo, Japan

124
Q
A

Tama Art University Library, Interior

Toyo Ito (2002)

Hachioji/Tokyo, Japan

125
Q
A

CCTV (Central China Television)

Office for Metropolitan Architecture (with Ove Arup and Partners) (2002-12)

Beijing, China

  • Skyscraper transformed into Mobius strip
126
Q
A

Pompidou Center

Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers (with Ove Arup and Partners)

Paris (1970-77)

  • New kind of museum
  • Contemporary art (no longer for classical admiration)
  • Museum for the people
  • Exterior escalator and viewing platform emphasizes museum as public space

ARCH 262: Modern Architecture from Enlightenment to Millennium (2 decks)

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