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Government > Final Semester One > Flashcards

Final Semester One Flashcards

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1
Q

block grants

A

money given to states for broad or vague purposes

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2
Q

categorical grants

A

money given to the states to spend on no specific activites

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3
Q

Judicial review

A

look at the laws’ lawfulness and see it is within the confines of the constitution

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4
Q

limited governmetn

A

there are certain things the government cannot do

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5
Q

anti-federalists

A

doesn’t like the constitution, thinks president is too much like a king, tend to be farmers

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6
Q

federalists

A

approve of the constitution, tend to be rich people, elite

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7
Q

expressed powers

A

powers specifically listed in the constitution

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8
Q

free enterprise

A

an economic system in which individuals and businesses are free to engage in economic activity with a minimum of government interference

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9
Q

ratified

A

formally approved

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10
Q

bill of rights

A

the first ten amendments to the Constituion concerning basic individual liberties

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11
Q

dual federalism

A

the time perod during which national and state government were seen as equal authorities operating over separate areas of influence and the authority of the national government was generally limited to the expressed powers listed in the constitution

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12
Q

Social contract theory

A

the theory of society in which givernment is a contract betwee a government and the people to provide protection and support for the people; its only legit if the people voluntrary agree to hand over their power to the state

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13
Q

liberty

A

the ability of people to act and think as they choose, so long as their choices do no harm to the liberty or well being of others

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14
Q

equality

A

the principle tha tall people possess a fundamental moral worth that entitles them to fair treatment under the law and equal opportunity in all aspects of life

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15
Q

government

A

the formal structures and institutions through which a terrritory and its people are rules

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16
Q

sovereignty

A

ultimate supreme power in a state in the united states soverignty rests with the people

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17
Q

unitary system

A

national government has the power

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18
Q

federal system

A

local government and state government have power

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19
Q

confederate system

A

the states join forces and make one big government called confederate government

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20
Q

policy

A

any decision made by government in pursuit of a particular goal

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21
Q

principle of american democracy

A

liberty, equality and self government

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22
Q

weaknesses of the articles of confederation

A

only one branch of government, congress couldn’t regulate trade, not the sole power to coin money

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23
Q

six principles of the constitution

A

popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, check and balances, judicial branch and the federalist

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24
Q

Three branches of government and their main functions

A

Legislative-makes laws
Judicial-decided on constitutionality of laws
Executive- enforces laws

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25
Q

fiscal federalist

A

the national government influence state government through spending, taxing and aid programs

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26
Q

constituents

A

the people that reside in the congressional district

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27
Q

riders

A

small bills attached to larger, more important bill and generally has very little to nothing to do with larger bills

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28
Q

writ of certioari

A

an order by a higher court seeking review of a lower court’s case

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29
Q

executive departments

A

agencies of federal government responsible for carrying out laws, administering programs, and making regulations in thier particular area or responsibility

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30
Q

apropriation

A

a congressional act or bill that sets aside funds for a specific purpose

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31
Q

conference commitee

A

a joint commitee formed from both houses to resolve differences between the house and senate versions of the bill

32
Q

bureaucracy

A

a type of organization, either in government or the private sector, having the following features, a clear formal structure, a division of labor an d a set of rules and procedures by which it operates

33
Q

original jurisdiction

A

the first court to hear a case

34
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

gives the national legislature th epower to make all laws that are necessary and proper to excercise the powers granted by the constituion

35
Q

progressive tax

A

a tax whose rates increase as the amount that is subject to taxation

36
Q

regressive tax

A

a tax that has a greater impact on lower in com earners than on upper income earners

37
Q

proportional tax

A

a tax tha tis applied at the same rate against all income

38
Q

formal and informal qualifications of being the president

A 
natural born citizen
married
 political experience
college education
be at least 35 
live in the country for 14 years
be a natural born us citizen
39
Q

independent regulatory commissions

A

to oversee and manage a special aspect of the federal government

40
Q

independent executive agencies

A

operate separately from the executive departments congress gets power over these

41
Q

civil service system

A

gurantees that qualified people are placed in government jobs

42
Q

checking powers of the president

A

veto, nominates the supreme court justices, can alter senteces of people convicted of crimes through their power of clemency or mercy

43
Q

apellate jurisdiction

A

the court to hear a review of the case

44
Q

exclusive jurisdiction

A

sole right to hear a case

45
Q

make up of the house

A

mostly white males

46
Q

length of the term of the HOR

A

2 years

47
Q

length of the term for the senate

A

6 years

48
Q

Formal/ informal qualification for the HOR

A

must be at least 25 years old
must live in state he or she represents
only can appeal to voters in their district

49
Q

formal/informal qualifications for the senate

A

at least 30 years old
must live in the state they represent
must have been a US citizen for at least 9 years
ust appeal to voters of their state

50
Q

checking powers given to congress

A

override a veto and impeachement

51
Q

public opinion

A

the views shared by a segment of society on issue of interest and concern

52
Q

lobbying

A

contacting public official to persuade the office to support a group

53
Q

open primary

A

anyone can vote

54
Q

closed primary

A

only party member can vote

55
Q

soft money

A

donations to a political party (unlimited) then donates to candidates campaigns

56
Q

slander

A

a spoken defamatory statement

57
Q

Schneck v. United States

A

the most strict protection of free speech would not protech a man in falsely shouting fir in a theatre and causing a panic

58
Q

due process

A

following established and complete legal procedures

59
Q

symbolic speech

A

the communication of ideas through symbols and actions

60
Q

procedural due process

A

the requirement tha tgovernment follow certain procedures before punishing a person

61
Q

civil law

A

private disputes between people over property or relationships

62
Q

criminal law

A

deals with crimes and their punishment

63
Q

substantiated due process

A

the idea that the laws themselves must right that cannot be taken away

64
Q

de facto segregation

A

segregation in fact; separation of races that occurs without laws requiring segregation

65
Q

de jure segregation

A

separation of races by law

66
Q

suffrage

A

the right to vote

67
Q

bias

A

error introduced by polling methods that lead to one outcome over others

68
Q

political action committees

A

an organization created to raise and contribute money legally to the campaigns of political candidates

69
Q

direct primary

A

a primary or first election in which the party’s candidate for office is chose by voters

70
Q

civil rights act of 1964

A

banned discrimination based on race , color, religion, sex or national origin in voting , employment and public accomodations

71
Q

dred scott v sanford

A

the supreme court declared him a slave and that congress lacked the power to outlaw slavery in the territories taking down the missouri compromise

72
Q

plessy v. ferguson

A

established the seaprate but equal doctrine, It required that separate facilities for racial gropu were legal if they are equal

73
Q

brown v. board

A

desegregated schools

74
Q

Political parties

A

organized gropu that seeks to win elections in order to influence the activies of the government

75
Q

Types of citizenship

A

citizenship by birth

citizenship by naturalization

Government (7 decks)

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