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Final Semester One Flashcards

1
Q

block grants

A

money given to states for broad or vague purposes

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2
Q

categorical grants

A

money given to the states to spend on no specific activites

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3
Q

Judicial review

A

look at the laws’ lawfulness and see it is within the confines of the constitution

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4
Q

limited governmetn

A

there are certain things the government cannot do

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5
Q

anti-federalists

A

doesn’t like the constitution, thinks president is too much like a king, tend to be farmers

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6
Q

federalists

A

approve of the constitution, tend to be rich people, elite

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7
Q

expressed powers

A

powers specifically listed in the constitution

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8
Q

free enterprise

A

an economic system in which individuals and businesses are free to engage in economic activity with a minimum of government interference

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9
Q

ratified

A

formally approved

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10
Q

bill of rights

A

the first ten amendments to the Constituion concerning basic individual liberties

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11
Q

dual federalism

A

the time perod during which national and state government were seen as equal authorities operating over separate areas of influence and the authority of the national government was generally limited to the expressed powers listed in the constitution

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12
Q

Social contract theory

A

the theory of society in which givernment is a contract betwee a government and the people to provide protection and support for the people; its only legit if the people voluntrary agree to hand over their power to the state

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13
Q

liberty

A

the ability of people to act and think as they choose, so long as their choices do no harm to the liberty or well being of others

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14
Q

equality

A

the principle tha tall people possess a fundamental moral worth that entitles them to fair treatment under the law and equal opportunity in all aspects of life

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15
Q

government

A

the formal structures and institutions through which a terrritory and its people are rules

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16
Q

sovereignty

A

ultimate supreme power in a state in the united states soverignty rests with the people

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17
Q

unitary system

A

national government has the power

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18
Q

federal system

A

local government and state government have power

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19
Q

confederate system

A

the states join forces and make one big government called confederate government

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20
Q

policy

A

any decision made by government in pursuit of a particular goal

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21
Q

principle of american democracy

A

liberty, equality and self government

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22
Q

weaknesses of the articles of confederation

A

only one branch of government, congress couldn’t regulate trade, not the sole power to coin money

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23
Q

six principles of the constitution

A

popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, check and balances, judicial branch and the federalist

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24
Q

Three branches of government and their main functions

A

Legislative-makes laws
Judicial-decided on constitutionality of laws
Executive- enforces laws

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25
fiscal federalist
the national government influence state government through spending, taxing and aid programs
26
constituents
the people that reside in the congressional district
27
riders
small bills attached to larger, more important bill and generally has very little to nothing to do with larger bills
28
writ of certioari
an order by a higher court seeking review of a lower court's case
29
executive departments
agencies of federal government responsible for carrying out laws, administering programs, and making regulations in thier particular area or responsibility
30
apropriation
a congressional act or bill that sets aside funds for a specific purpose
31
conference commitee
a joint commitee formed from both houses to resolve differences between the house and senate versions of the bill
32
bureaucracy
a type of organization, either in government or the private sector, having the following features, a clear formal structure, a division of labor an d a set of rules and procedures by which it operates
33
original jurisdiction
the first court to hear a case
34
necessary and proper clause
gives the national legislature th epower to make all laws that are necessary and proper to excercise the powers granted by the constituion
35
progressive tax
a tax whose rates increase as the amount that is subject to taxation
36
regressive tax
a tax that has a greater impact on lower in com earners than on upper income earners
37
proportional tax
a tax tha tis applied at the same rate against all income
38
formal and informal qualifications of being the president
``` natural born citizen married political experience college education be at least 35 live in the country for 14 years be a natural born us citizen ```
39
independent regulatory commissions
to oversee and manage a special aspect of the federal government
40
independent executive agencies
operate separately from the executive departments congress gets power over these
41
civil service system
gurantees that qualified people are placed in government jobs
42
checking powers of the president
veto, nominates the supreme court justices, can alter senteces of people convicted of crimes through their power of clemency or mercy
43
apellate jurisdiction
the court to hear a review of the case
44
exclusive jurisdiction
sole right to hear a case
45
make up of the house
mostly white males
46
length of the term of the HOR
2 years
47
length of the term for the senate
6 years
48
Formal/ informal qualification for the HOR
must be at least 25 years old must live in state he or she represents only can appeal to voters in their district
49
formal/informal qualifications for the senate
at least 30 years old must live in the state they represent must have been a US citizen for at least 9 years ust appeal to voters of their state
50
checking powers given to congress
override a veto and impeachement
51
public opinion
the views shared by a segment of society on issue of interest and concern
52
lobbying
contacting public official to persuade the office to support a group
53
open primary
anyone can vote
54
closed primary
only party member can vote
55
soft money
donations to a political party (unlimited) then donates to candidates campaigns
56
slander
a spoken defamatory statement
57
Schneck v. United States
the most strict protection of free speech would not protech a man in falsely shouting fir in a theatre and causing a panic
58
due process
following established and complete legal procedures
59
symbolic speech
the communication of ideas through symbols and actions
60
procedural due process
the requirement tha tgovernment follow certain procedures before punishing a person
61
civil law
private disputes between people over property or relationships
62
criminal law
deals with crimes and their punishment
63
substantiated due process
the idea that the laws themselves must right that cannot be taken away
64
de facto segregation
segregation in fact; separation of races that occurs without laws requiring segregation
65
de jure segregation
separation of races by law
66
suffrage
the right to vote
67
bias
error introduced by polling methods that lead to one outcome over others
68
political action committees
an organization created to raise and contribute money legally to the campaigns of political candidates
69
direct primary
a primary or first election in which the party's candidate for office is chose by voters
70
civil rights act of 1964
banned discrimination based on race , color, religion, sex or national origin in voting , employment and public accomodations
71
dred scott v sanford
the supreme court declared him a slave and that congress lacked the power to outlaw slavery in the territories taking down the missouri compromise
72
plessy v. ferguson
established the seaprate but equal doctrine, It required that separate facilities for racial gropu were legal if they are equal
73
brown v. board
desegregated schools
74
Political parties
organized gropu that seeks to win elections in order to influence the activies of the government
75
Types of citizenship
citizenship by birth | citizenship by naturalization

Government (7 decks)

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