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APES > Final Semester 1 > Flashcards

Final Semester 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The majority of the rocks in the earths crust are?

A

Igneous

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2
Q

Which of the types of soil listed below contains the highest amount of nutrients?

A

Loam

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3
Q

In example of a volcano with broad gentle slopes and build by the irruption of a runny fluid type best salt rock would be

A

Kilauea

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4
Q

Which of the following is at a convergent boundary where two continental plates are presently colliding

A

The Himalayas

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5
Q

The dustbowl of the 1930s resulted in the passage of what legislation?

A

Soil and water conservation act

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5
Q

Poor new trend holding capacity good water infiltration capacity and good aeration properties are example of what type of particles found in soil?

A

Sand

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6
Q

Which factor is the most important in determining the characteristics of soil?

A

Climate

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7
Q

Which period in geological time describes the following development of flowering plants. Large diverse city in’s dinosaurs but ending with their sudden extinction approximately 65 million years ago.formation of the Andes Mountains. African and a South American plates begin to separate. Climate is cooling. Shallow seas are prominent.

A

Cretaceous

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8
Q

Weathering contributes to the formation of which type of rock

A

Sedimentary

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9
Q

A rock that would most likely contain a fossil would be

A

Sedimentary

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10
Q

The most common elements found in Earth’s crust is

A

Oxygen

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11
Q

The horizon of soil also known as topsoil layer that contains hummus minerals and roots and that is rich in living organisms is known as the

A

A layer

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12
Q

Earth is closest to the sun in the northern hemisphere during

A

Winter

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13
Q

An earth quake of Richter magnitude 5 is how many times larger on the Richter scale than an earthquake of Richter magnitude 3

A

100 times

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14
Q

Which of the choices above represents the most stable and least stable foundation material to build upon in areas that are frequented by earthquakes

A

Bedrock is the most stable and sand is the least stable

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15
Q

The San Andreas Fault in California occurs at

A

Transform boundary

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16
Q

Earths surface is part of the

A

Lithosphere

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17
Q

Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock

A

Granite

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18
Q

The smallest particle of soil is known as

A

clay

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19
Q

Which of the following environmental factors does not lower the pH of soil

A

Acid rain use of fertilizers weathering of minerals mind spoils all can possibly lower the pH of soil

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20
Q

Water vapor returning to the liquid state is called

A

Condensation

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21
Q

The temperature at which air becomes saturated and produces liquid is called

A

The dewpoint

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22
Q

The area that would receive the most precipitation would be

A

C

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23
Q

The rainshadow fact would be located at point

A

E

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24
Q

Of the freshwater on earth that is not trapped in snow packs or glaciers most of it 95% is trapped in

A

Aquifers

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25
Q

The primary use of freshwater is for

A

Agriculture

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26
Q

A mixture of freshwater and saltwater is known as

A

Brackish water

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27
Q

A temperate lake is most likely to show thermal stratification and limited mixing of surface and deeper waters during the what season

A

Summer

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28
Q

Of the following methods of irrigation the one that currently conserves the most water is

A

Drip irrigation

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29
Q

Which of the following uses the most water

A

Cooling electrical power plants

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30
Q

A country that would represent large per capita water use would be

A

United States

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31
Q

When compared with the rate of population growth the worldwide demand rate for water is

A

About two times

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32
Q

The US per capita use of water on a daily basis is closest to

A

1500 gallons

33
Q

Countries that are more likely to suffer from water stress would be located in

A

The Middle East

34
Q

What fraction of the worlds population does not have access to adequate amounts of safe drinking water

A

1/6

35
Q

The oceanic zone that extends from the low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf is known as the

A

Neritic zone

36
Q

Rising sea level’s due to global warming would be responsible for all of the following except

A

All of these answers would be causes of global warming…
Destruction of coastal wetlands, beach erosion, increased damage due to storms and floods, and increased salinity of estuaries and aquifers

37
Q

What does La Niña bring to the southeastern United States

A

Warm winters

38
Q

Which of the following ocean currents close without obstruction or barriers

A

Antarctic circumpolar current

39
Q

Saltwater intrusion into groundwater occurs most often when

A

The water table near the coast drops due to the overpumping of groundwater

40
Q

Which of the following is not a primary depository for the element listed

A

Phosphorus – marble and limestone

41
Q

Burning fossil fuels coupled with deforestation increases the amount of what in the atmosphere

A

CO2

42
Q

In the nitrogen fixation cycle cyanobacteria in the soil and water and Rhizobium bacteria in root systems are responsible for converting

A

Nitrogen and hydrogen gas to ammonia

43
Q

The cycle listed that has the most immediate effect on acid precipitation would be the

A

Sulfur cycle

44
Q

Nitrogen is assimilated in plants in what form

A

Ammonia, NH three
Ammonium NH four
Nitrate NO3
(Selection e)

45
Q

Plants assimilate sulfur primarily in what form

A

Sulfates SO4

46
Q

Humans increase sulfur in the atmosphere and thereby increase acid deposition by all of the following activities except

A

Clearcutting

47
Q

Phosphorus is being added to the environment by all of the following activities except

A

Burning coal and the fossil fuels

48
Q

Carbon dioxide is a reactant in

A

Photosynthesis

49
Q

The primary biological process that removes the carbon from the atmosphere and moved to the biosphere is

A

Photosynthesis

50
Q

Clearing of land for either habitation or agriculture does all of the following except

A

Increases infiltration

51
Q

All of the following have an impact on the nitrogen cycle except

A

The action of aerobic bacteria acting on livestock wastes

52
Q

Which of the following is a macronutrient essential for the formation of proteins

A

Nitrogen

53
Q

Which of the following bacteria are able to convert soil nitrites to nitrates

A

Nitrobacter

54
Q

Which of the following are the largest phosphorus sinks

A

The atmosphere and sedimentary rock

55
Q

The cycle that is most common to all other cycles is the

A

Hydrologic cycle

56
Q

The energy that drives the hydrologic cycle comes primarily from

A

Solar energy and gravity

57
Q

Which of the following processes is working against gravity

A

Transpiration

58
Q

Ammonium ions are converted to nitrate and nitrite ions through which process

A

Nitrification

59
Q

Which form of nitrogen is most usable by plants

A

Nitrate

60
Q

Which of the following forms of energy is a renewable resource

A

Biomass

61
Q

Which of the following forms of energy has a low short-term availability

A

Petroleum

62
Q

Which of the following is a source of high net energy

A

Wind

63
Q

Which of the following alternatives would not lead to a sustainable energy future

A

Decrease fuel efficiency standards for cars appliances and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems

64
Q

At today’s rate of consumption known US oil reserves will be depleted in about

A

25 years

65
Q

Which country currently ranked number one in both cool reserves and use of coal as an energy source

A

China

66
Q

The lowest average generating cost (cents per kWh) comes from what energy source

A

Large hydroelectric facilities

67
Q

The fastest growing renewable energy resource today is

A

Wind

68
Q

The least efficient energy conversion device listed is

A

An incandescent lightbulb

69
Q

Which is not an advantage of using nuclear fusion

A

All are advantages

Abundant fuel supply,no generation of weapons grade material, no air pollution, no high-level nuclear waste

70
Q

Only about 10% of the potential energy of gasoline is used in the power an automobile. The remaining energy is lost is low-quality heat. This is an example of the

A

Second law of thermodynamics

71
Q

The law of conservation of mass and energy states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed and that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes. Which society offers the best long-term solution to the constraints of this law?

A

Low throughput society

72
Q

Which of the following methods cannot be used to produce hydrogen gas

A

All our methods are producing hydrogen gas

Reforming, thermolysis, do you sing it from plants, coal gasification

73
Q

Energy derived from fossil fuels supplies approximately what percentage of the worlds energy needs

A

85%

74
Q

Which of the following terms is not a unit of power

A

Joule

75
Q

Automobile manufacturers make money by selling cars. Cars pollute and use fossil fuels. Traditionally, American auto manufacturers have encouraged customers to buy bigger and more powerful cars. This lack of incentive to improve energy efficiency is known as a

A

Harmful, positive feedback loop

76
Q

If you were designing a house in the United States, you lived in a cold climate, and you wanted it to be is energy efficient as possible, you would place a large windows to capture solar energy on which side of the house?

A

South

77
Q

Which of the following is not an advantage of building a hydroelectric powerplant

A

High construction cost

78
Q

The country that has made the largest commitment to increasing its share of renewable energy resources is

A

China

79
Q

Which of the following nonrenewable energy sources has the least environmental impact when burned

A

Natural gas

APES (1 decks)

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