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wh > final semester 1 > Flashcards

final semester 1 Flashcards

1
Q

naturalism

A

artistic style that revolved around accuracy

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2
Q

nationalism

A

pride in your nation

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3
Q

vernacular

A

common language

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4
Q

patron

A

financial support given to artist

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5
Q

renaissance

A

rebirth

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6
Q

Lorenzo de Medici

A

major patron of the arts in Florence “The Magnificent”

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7
Q

Johannes Gutenberg

A

made metal casting and the ink press

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8
Q

Albert Durer

A

first northerner to use Italian art, “German Leonardo”

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9
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

renaissance man

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10
Q

Michelangelo

A

educated at the Medici palace, painted the ceiling in the Sistine chapel

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11
Q

indulgences

A

a special prayer that could be bought from a church to save a persons soul

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12
Q

protestant

A

against the Roman Catholic church

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13
Q

liturgy

A

forms of worship

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14
Q

Martin Luther

A

write 95 thesis, German monk, political landscape

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15
Q

John Calvin

A

protestant reformer who believed a group of believers were chosen by God to be the only true Christians

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16
Q

Columbus

A

first European explorer to go the “New World”

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17
Q

Pizarro

A

set off for South America and conquered Inca empire

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18
Q

caravel

A

a light ship with triangular sails, easy to maneuver

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19
Q

mercantilism

A

a system to protect wealth and regulate trade

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20
Q

Colombian exchange

A

creation of regular interchange between the east and the west hemisphere

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21
Q

Balboa

A

first European to see the Pacific ocean

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22
Q

Cortes

A

launched an invasion on Mexico

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23
Q

circumnavigate

A

to travel all around the world, Magellan was the first

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24
Q

conquistadors

A

Spanish conquerors

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25
Q

Atahualpa

A

Inca emperor who peacefully received Spaniards

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26
Q

capitalism

A

private owned businesses that makes profit

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27
Q

northwest passage

A

a sea route from the Atlantic to Pacific ocean. (Henry the Navigator looked for)

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28
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

Portuguese Navigator that made it to India

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29
Q

joint stock company

A

sold stocks to investors

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30
Q

Dutch East Indian company

A

Europe’s largest commercial enterprise

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31
Q

Olaudah Equiano

A

Former Aftrican dlave, wrote the slave narrative

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32
Q

triangular trade

A

connected Africa, Europe, and the Americas for trade

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33
Q

Juan Ponce de Leon

A

first European to reach Florida and claimed for Spain

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34
Q

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

A

led one of the largest expeditions for Spain

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35
Q

middle passage

A

largest and most brutal migration of humans

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36
Q

Elizabeth I

A

supported the Church of England, English society, entering the 17th century with great peace and national confidence

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37
Q

James I

A

clashed with parliament, believed that its a God given right to rule as an absolute monarch

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38
Q

Louis XIV (14TH)

A

ascended the thrown at the age of 5 then became a monarch of legendary power for 72 years

39
Q

Charles I

A

James’s son, fought with parliament over issues with power and authority

40
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

a puritan and member of the parliament who organized oppositions to the kings forces

41
Q

absolute monarchy

A

unquestionable and limitless power to the king/queen

42
Q

constitutional monarchy

A

balanced power between a monarch and parliament (England)

43
Q

orthodoxy

A

established beliefs and practices

44
Q

sovereignty

A

rights to control their own affairs

45
Q

divine rights

A

since God chooses the monarchs then all of their decisions are endorsed by God

46
Q

Prince Vladimir

A

ruler of the Kievan Rus

47
Q

Peter the Great

A

determined to bring Russia up to par with Europe, bright the nobility more under his control

48
Q

Rus

A

people living on the steppes, tributes to religious changes, and evolved into principalities

49
Q

Ivan IV

A

“Ivan the Terrible” ruler of Russia 1533, consideration Russia a continuation of the Roman Empire

50
Q

Catherine the Great

A

German princess married into the Romanov Family

51
Q

philosophe

A

enlightenment who promoted reason, science, and the improvement of society

52
Q

natural rights

A

the rights you’re given at birth

53
Q

Laissez Faire

A

economic French policy letting things take their own course without interfering “let do”

54
Q

tyranny

A

government with a single ruler having absolute power

55
Q

social contact

A

an agreement where people give up freedoms to the government in exchange for protection and order

56
Q

salon

A

regular social gathering

57
Q

bourgeoisie

A

middle class

58
Q

enlightened deposit

A

absolute rulers who applied certain enlightened ideals

59
Q

deism

A

a religion philosophy that supported natural rights ideas

60
Q

censor

A

used by government to control public information

61
Q

Montesquieu

A

wrote the political liberty, agreed that liberty was a natural right

62
Q

Locke

A

Claimed people had the ability to reason and leave for themselves, supporting democracy and constitutional monarchy

63
Q

Rousseau

A

views were often at odds with other enlightenment thinkers, claimed civilization have occupied peoples natural goodness and destroyed liberty

64
Q

Voltaire

A

one of the most popular and influential of the philosophers, famous for satire, fought for religion tolerance, and freedom of speech?

65
Q

Hobbes

A

English philosopher, wanted individuals to give their rights to rulers, dim views of people, absolute monarchy

66
Q

Diderot

A

contributed articles on topics including natural law, history of philosophy, and social theory with French philosophers

67
Q

estate

A

3 district social classes in frace
first- Catholic clergy
second- Nobility
third- everyone else

68
Q

despotism

A

the aggressive rule by a leader without absolute power

69
Q

constitutionalism

A

government based off of a set of basic rules

70
Q

common law

A

a set of laws determined by earlier court decisions

71
Q

disenfranchised

A

without rights or the ability to influence government (THIRD ESTATE)

72
Q

status quo

A

existing condition

73
Q

nation- state

A

a state mostly made up of people of the same nationality, of share common traits

74
Q

propaganda

A

information used by a government to make people think or act a particular way

75
Q

nationalism

A

beliefs that individuals are bonded together by ties to language, culture, history, and religion

76
Q

ideology

A

basic belief of the French revolution

77
Q

Marie Antoinette

A

queen of France during the French revolution

78
Q

Fredrick the Great

A

ruled Prussia, introduced religious tolerance reduced censorship of the press, reformed the legal system

79
Q

Napoleon

A

Young General who French armies collected victories with successful militarily, emperor of France

80
Q

Robespierre

A

leader of the Jacobin’s, supported liberty, equal rights, and to defend France from outside attacks, architect of rein of terror

81
Q

Louis XVI (16TH)

A

Absolute monarch ruled over 24 million French subjects from his palace, weak ineffective ruler

82
Q

Joseph II

A

Promoted religious freedom of press and legal reforms for Austria

83
Q

Why did the king of England break from the Roman Catholic church?

A

King Henry wanted to annul his marriage but the pope refused to grant it

84
Q

what was the goal of the inquisition?

A

to maintain Catholic orthodoxy and eliminate heresy

85
Q

what did Johannes Gutenberg contribute during the time of the renaissance?

A

invented the printing press, revolutionized the spread of information

86
Q

who established a school that though sailors about navigational tools and building ship?

A

Prince Henry the Navigator

87
Q

an expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan was the first to accomplish what?

A

Circumnavigate the world

88
Q

which of the following did NOT contribute to the defeat of the Tenochtitlan?

A

The amount of people and the (Maybe) advance weaponry

89
Q

what two movements helped inspire enlightenment ideas?

A

the renaissance and the scientific revolution

90
Q

what did Plato call the “worst disorder of a state”?

A

tyranny

91
Q

which philosophe famous for satire, fought for religion tolerance, and freedom of speech?

A

Voltaire

92
Q

to which social class did the French peasants belong?

A

third- estate

93
Q

what battle brought Napoleon his final defeat?

A

battle of Waterloo

94
Q

what building did commoners overpower and loot starting the French revolution?

A

Bastille

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