Final Semester 1 Flashcards
DOES NOT INCLUDE UNIT 1
What does Jared Diamond describe as “Geographic Luck”?
That some cultures were just geographically lucky which allowed them to advance. For example, having a warm, wet climate is good because then lots of plants can grow. Having a dry, cold climate is bad because then plants can’t grow. Being able to grow surplus food means that the population can expand.
What are the 3 G’s of colonization?
God, Gold and Glory
Why was God a motive for colonization?
Because people wanted to spread their religion around and weaken other religions. They would also have more power over people because they would be able to influence their beliefs.
Why was Gold a motive for colonization?
Countries wanted gold because then they would be rich. More money -> more funds for colonization -> more money -> (and eventually) world domination.
Why was Glory a motive for colonization?
Countries wanted more power so they could in turn get more money and spread religion.
What is mercantilism?
It is based on the idea that wealth is generated by increasing exports and reducing imports. The colonies could only give their resources to England and the colonies could only buy from England. Mother country gets raw materials from colonies and gives finished product to colonies.
Why did England lead in the Industrial Revolution?
For multiple reasons:
-Had lots of coal and iron to build/power things.
-Merchants are investing in factory system.
-Lots of new, raw materials from colonies.
What were the working conditions for Industrial Laborers?
-Low pay
-Long hours
-Poor work conditions
-Little/no healthcare
-Unhealthy work
-Stressful jobs
What were the living conditions for Industrial Laborers?
Very poor. There would be a dozen people to a apartment. Coal dust would be everywhere because the water pump could be up to a mile away. Also everyone threw their garbage in the streets and let it rot and no one picked up the horse manure in the streets.
Treaty of Tordesillas
The treaty was signed in 1494 and divided South America between Portugal and Spain.
What does “Necessity is the mother of invention” mean?
That the need for new things will drive people to invent it.
Who were the Luddites?
A group of people who feared technology would take their jobs so they raided and destroyed factories.
What were some health impacts of the Industrial revolution?
Many factoried did not provide safety equipment for employees so they often got injured (lost fingers/toes/limbs).
Capitalism
An economic system based on making money. Adam Smith believed that self interest will make the economy grow. A true Capitalist system has no interference from the Government.
Socialism
An economic system and political philosophy based in the idea that benefits of economic activity should be equally distributed, eliminating class distinctions.
Communism
Founders are Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. No war, money, and everyone works for the common good. Create complete equality, no private property/wealth, no classes, no military/government.
What did Britain get out of the Opium wars?
-21 million pounds
-New ports for British trade
-Hong Kong belonged to Britain
-Legalization of opium (no. 2)
What was the Macartney Embassy?
A group of representatives sent from Britain to establish British trade ports in China.
What was the Boxer rebellion?
A Chinese secret group that attacked Chinese christians and foreigners and blamed their poor standards of living on them. Chinese military was too weak so Austria/Hungary, France, Germany, US, Italy, Japan, Russia and UK sent about 20,000 troops. China lost the ability to import arms for 2 years and had to pay 330 million in reparations.
What was the British’s nickname for India?
Jewel of the Crown
What were the years of British rule in India?
1858-1947
Important beliefs of Hinduism
Suffering is a result of previous actions. Polytheistic, 33 million gods. Sacred text is the Vedas (4). 1.05 billion people in India are Hindu.
Important beliefs of Islam
God’s name is Allah, knowledge of wrong and right is essential, life is a test to endure evil and suffering. Sacred text is Qur’an. 200 million believers in India.
Who was Ghandi?
He was an activist that used civil disobedience and non-violence to free India from the British.
