final sac Flashcards
- Mental health is often represented on a continuum. What are the main characteristics used to describe a person as either being mentally health, having a mental health problem or a mental health disorder.
Mentally healthy • high levels of functioning • social and emotional well-being • resilience to life stressors • few sleep difficulties Mental health problems • Mild to moderate stress experience • Changes in sleeping patterns • Temporary impairment
Mental disorder • Exccesive anxiety • Psychological dysfunction • Ongoing impairment • Significant changes in sleep patterns
- What are internal factors (biological and psychological) that can influence a person’s mental health? Give two examples of biological internal factors and two examples of psychological internal factors.
Genetic predisposition quantity and quality of sleep Neurotransmitter functioning Coping skills for stress Decision making ability
- What are external factors (social) that can influence a person’s mental health? Give two examples of external factors.
Social support
Social stigma
Access to health care
Interpersonal relationships
What is meant by Predisposing, Precipitating and Perpetuating factors
Predisposing factor- Increase the susceptibility to a specific mental disorder.
Precipitating risk factors: Increases susceptible to and contributes to the occurrence of a specific disorder.
Perpetuating risk factors: Maintains the occurrence of a specific mental disorder and inhibits recovery.
Protective factor
Protective factor- reduces or prevents the occurrence or re-occurrence of a specific mental disorder.
Define stress
Stress: is a stage of physiological and psychological arousal produced by internal or external stressors that are perceived by individual as challenging or exceeding the ability or resources to cope.
Define anxiety
Anxiety: is a state of physiological arousal associated with feelings of uncertainty, worry or unease that something is wrong or that something unpleasant will happen.
Define phobia
Specific phobia: is a mental disorder characterized by significant anxiety which is provoked by exposure to a specific feared stimulus, where the fear is intense and irrational and often leads to avoidance behavior.
- What is stigma? What category of the biopsychosocial model does stigma belong to?
Stigma is negatively labelling that occurs to patients with mental disorders, causing them to feel ashamed , ostracized or disapproved of by society. Many pateitns with mental health problems hesitate to seek treatment because of fear of being discrimnated against or stigmatized. This can increase the risk of developing mental disorders as diagnosis of any underlying mental health symptoms to become worse over time
it belongs to perpetuating category
- What is rumination? What category of the biopsychosocial model does rumination belong to?
refers to tendency for humans to overthink-specifically, repeatedly thinking about or dwelling on undesirable thoughts, feelings, problems and moods, without acting to change them. Rumination is a risk factor for mental disorders as it inhibts problem solving ability and stops us form seeking treatment or employing successful strategies to change our mental health state.
it belongs to perpetuating category
Self efficacy and why it is a protective factor mental health
Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their capacity to execute behaviours necessary to succeed in a specific situation or accomplish a specific task.
High levels of self-efficacy allow individual to feel competent which leads an individual to belief in their capacity to cope with a stressor, if the individual is able to cope with the stress then they will have low levels of stress and good mental health.
Resilience and why it is a protective factor mental health
Resilience-A positive adaptation or ability of a person to bounce back when faced with adversity, challenges or trauma, and to come back stronger.
Having high levels of resiliency allows an individual to adapt or overcome the life stressor and consequently bounce back from a time of stress to restore positive mental functioning.
- What is the difference between a single-blind design and a double-blind design? What type of extraneous variable does each design try to minimise?
Single blind procedure- involves participants not being aware to the condition of the experiment to which they have been allocated
Double blind procedure - is when both the research assistant and participants are unaware of the conditions to which the participants have been allocated.
Both try to eliminate experimenter effect as neither the participants not there research assistant will know the condition or hypothesis of the group.
- What does the term reliability and validity mean in terms of research?
Reliability refers to how consistent the results of the study are or the consistent results of a measuring test.
Validity refers to whether the study or measuring test is measuring what it claims to measure.
- Can you generalise results in you have a non-random sample (like a convenience sample) ? Explain your answer.
No, generalising is about how findings of the study can be applied to population from which the sample was drawn.
In convenience sampling participants are selected in the study who are readily available, this means that the results cannot be generalised to wider population as the sample was not representative of the population in the first place.
