Final S1 Terms

Question 1

Ethnocentrism

Answer 1

Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture. having or based on the idea that your own group or culture is better or more important than others.

Question 2

Neanderthals

Answer 2

Neanderthals are our closest extinct human relative. Some defining features of their skulls include the large middle part of the face, angled cheek bones, and a huge nose for humidifying and warming cold, dry air. Their bodies were shorter and stockier than ours, another adaptation to living in cold environments. But their brains were just as large as ours and often larger - proportional to their brawnier bodies. Neanderthals made and used a diverse set of sophisticated tools, controlled fire, lived in shelters, made and wore clothing, were skilled hunters of large animals and also ate plant foods, and occasionally made symbolic or ornamental objects. There is evidence that Neanderthals deliberately buried their dead and occasionally even marked their graves with offerings, such as flowers. No other primates, and no earlier human species, had ever practiced this sophisticated and symbolic behavior.

Question 3

Jericho

Answer 3

The worlds first known developed city.

Question 4

catal huyuk

Answer 4

One of the worlds largest settlements. located in central turkey.

Question 5

What are the impacts of the Neolithic Revolution

Answer 5

The Neolithic Revolution was of high impact because it was when civilizations such as those along the Fertile Crescent first started to develop characteristics of what is considered “civilization”. People who were once nomadic, meaning they moved place to place following herds to get food, were able to stay in one place for a number of reasons. They started to farm, cultivate crops, domesticate animals for their own use, etc. They even developed the system of irrigation, meaning they could move water from one place to another by a system of ditches. These people had simple technologies, such as a calendar, plows and even metal tools. As a result of all this, permanent settlements were established, creating the setup for civilization and a system of society. An advanced form of society with a class system even arose, with the Council of Elders at the top, and average citizens as the bulk of the population, being farmers, merchants, priests, and craftsmen. Overall, the Neolithic Revolution changed the way humans lived.

Question 6

what are the two elements that create culture, or what is the equation for culture?

Answer 6

Human needs + Enviroment = Culture

Question 7

What are the 6 charachteristics of a civilization?

Answer 7

1. cities
2. government
3. religion
4. social structure
5. writing
6. art

Question 8

Impact of Geography in Mesopotamia

Answer 8

The Tigris and the Euphrates were great water sources and created natural barriers. Unfortuntally, the two rivers flooded un-predictably and could ruin crops. But, on the bright side it created fertile land!

Question 9

Ziggurat

Answer 9

A structure that looked like a pyramid with a ramp circiling arounf the outside. Served for a relougous purpose. Home of the priests and gods. Religous place.

Question 10

City-States

Answer 10

A city-state is an independent or autonomous entity, not administered as a part of another local government, whose territory consists of a city and possibly its surrounding territory.[1][2] A city-state can also be defined as a central city and its surrounding villages, which together follow the same law, have one form of government, and share languages, religious beliefs, and ways of life.

Question 11

Akkadians

Answer 11

The first Empire. Significant because thay created the monarcy form of government.

Question 12

Sargon

Answer 12

Famous for creating Akkad

Question 13

Sumerians

Answer 13

Great inventors- developed cuniform, styluses, pictographs, scribes, epics, The wheel, the plow, the water-clock, sewers, make-up, jewlery, bronze tools, geometry, math system based on 60, medicine, archeticture, music

Question 14

Theocracy

Answer 14

Government ruled by divine authority

Question 15

Polythesism

Answer 15

the belief in many gods and goddesses

Question 16

Patriarchal

Answer 16

Government led and dominated by men

Question 17

The Code of Hammurabi

Answer 17

Hammurabi implied many laws, some including taxes. Made strict laws and gave men more rights than women making Babylon a patriarchal society.

Question 18

Cuneiform

Answer 18

The world’s first writing system, invented by the Sumerians.

Question 19

Nile River

Answer 19

Gave Egypt lots of advantags, trade, natural barriers, fertile soil.

Question 20

Dynasty

Answer 20

Family of rules whose right to rule is passed down in the family

Question 21

The Old Kingdom

Answer 21

2700 B.C. - 2200 B.C. -Pharaohs had absolute power and were considered gods on earth. But that’s not why this kingdom is nicknamed “The Pyramid Age”. Pharaohs were buried in pyramids only during this time period in history.

After building a few pyramids, at great expense to the state, it occurred to pharaohs that pyramids were rather easy to spot, and thus, much easier to rob than a hidden tomb.

Question 22

The Middle Kingdom

Answer 22

2100 B.C. - 1800 B.C. -The middle kingdom was Egypt’s Golden Age. Trade flourished, arts and literature flourished. Egypt built strong armies to defend herself against her neighbors. During the time period of the middle kingdom, pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise rulers.

Instead of building huge expensive pyramids, when pharaohs died, they were buried in hidden tombs. These tombs were all over ancient Egypt. Most probably, there are tombs yet to be discovered by modern archaeologists because they were hidden so well.

Question 23

The New Kingdom

Answer 23

1700 B.C. - 1000 B.C. -The new kingdom was Egypt’s expansion period. Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power.

During the time period of the new kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful, and pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings.

Question 24

Pharaoh

Answer 24

A great house or palace of worship

Question 25

Vizer

Answer 25

The vizier was the highest official in Ancient Egypt to serve the king, or pharaoh during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.

Question 26

Mummification

Answer 26

process of which people dried a body. Then moved it to the pyramids. Only mummified upper class.

Question 27

Re

Answer 27

Sun God

Question 28

Osiris

Answer 28

God of the underworld or afterlife

Question 29

Papyrus

Answer 29

A plant used to make paper

Question 30

Giza

Answer 30

The 3rd largest city in Egypt, home to the pyramids

Question 31

The Great Pyramid

Answer 31

Largest and Oldest pyramid, the oldest one of the 7 wonders of the world, Built for the Pharoah Khufu

Question 32

Heiroglyphics

Answer 32

Writing in Egypt

Question 33

Ankh

Answer 33

Also known as the “key of life”. The egyptian sympbol in heiroglyphics for eternal life.

Question 34

Amenhotep IV

Answer 34

Pharaoh that changed Egypts religion from polytheistic to monotheistic

Question 35

King Tut

Answer 35

Pharaoh that is famous for restoring the gods. Changed back to polythesitic after Amenhotep changed it to a monotheistic society.

Question 36

Hatshepsut

Answer 36

First female pharaoh known for putting meaningful messages on big and tall towers.

Question 37

Abraham

Answer 37

Abraham, is a key figure in the religious texts of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Question 38

David

Answer 38

The biblical King David of Israel was known for his diverse skills as both a warrior and a writer of psalms. In his 40 years as ruler, between approximately 1010 and 970 B.C.E., he united the people of Israel, led them to victory in battle, conquered land and paved the way for his son, Solomon, to build the Holy Temple. Almost all knowledge of him is derived from the books of the Prophets and Writings: Samuel I and II, Kings I and Chronicles I.

Question 39

Solomen’s Temple

Answer 39

According to the Hebrew Bible, Solomon’s Temple, also known as the First Temple, was the Holy Temple in ancient Jerusalem, on the Temple Mount, before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE

Question 40

Cyrus the Great

Answer 40

founder of the First Persian Empire (Achaemenid Empire). Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, expanded vastly.

Question 41

Darius

Answer 41

third king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Ruled the empire when it was at its peak. Darius organized the empire by dividing it into provinces, and devised a codification of laws for Egypt.

Question 42

Xerxes

Answer 42

4th king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Conquered Greece.

Question 43

Zoroastrianism

Answer 43

a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC.

Question 44

Palace at Knossus

Answer 44

Huge palace the Minoans built on the island of Greece.

Question 45

Who were the earliest Greeks?

Answer 45

the Mycenaeans

Question 46

Seafarers

Answer 46

a man who serves as a sailor- ex: the Phoneceans

Question 47

Who created the Alpahbet we use today?

Answer 47

The Phoenicians

Question 48

The Impact of geography and monsoons on India

Answer 48

The monsoons in India were predictable. They are a seasonal wind pattern in Southern Asia. The Monsoons created fertile land and benefited farmers. Also in India near the mountains is the wettest place on earth which is also a great place to grow rice. Farmers relied on the heavy rains from monsoons. If the rain came late or early the crops would be destroyed and thousands would starve.

Question 49

What was life like in an early Harappan Civilization?

Answer 49

The Harappan and Mohenjo Daro were early settlements in the Indus River. They had a well organized government. The Harappan rulers based their power on a belief in divine assistance. Power and religion were linked. their economy was based on farming. The Indus river flooded once a year leaving rich soil. Trade was also common.

Question 50

Aryans

Answer 50

came after the Harappans they were
-indo-european speaking
- nomatic
- gradually migrated towards the indus river valley to the Deccan Plateau
Then the Aryans started to change they gave up their nomatic ways for a farming lifestyle. they wrote in sanskrit and invented the iron plow

Question 51

Sanskrit

Answer 51

Indo-European language. As an affect of sanskrit people could record legends, rituals, and religious chants.

Question 52

Caste System

Answer 52

Every indian was believed to be born into the caste system. Caste System determines what jobs people can have, who they can marry, who they can socialize with.