Final Rome Classic Civ. Flashcards
What group flourished 900-400 BC?
Etruscans
This Etruscan city fought against Rome and lost in 396.
Veii
What period was from (753-509 BC)?
Monarchy
What period was from (509-31 BC)?
Republic
What period was from (133-31 BC)?
Late Republic/Century of Blood
What period was from (31 BC-476 AD)?
Empire
last independent Etruscan city destroyed by Rome in 264?
Volsinii
Who were transitional citizens?
Latins
Who did the Gracchi’s reforms help particularly?
Latins
What group was inhabitants of south-central Italy speak language related to Latin?
Samnites
What battle in 295 BC did Samnites ally with Gauls for largest battle in Italy so far (36000 Roman troops) and Roman allies outnumber Romans?
Battle of Sentinum
Time frame of Roman expansion into central Italy?
350-280 BC
When was first treaty between Rome & Carthage?
508 BC
Carthage _____ power vs. Rome ______ power. Carthaginians depend on mercenaries Romans campaign in Sicily
sea… land
largest naval battle in history (680 ships)?
Battle of Ecnomus, 258 BC
When did Regulus invade Carthage?
255 BC
2nd Punic war happened what years?
(218-201)
Who defeated Rome in 217 BC, only to be defeated in 201 BC by Rome? What war was this in?
Hannibal, 2nd Punic War
When did the 3rd Punic War take place?
(149-146)
Who wanted the destruction of Carthage in 3rd punic war?
Cato
Who was the mother of the Gracchi?
Cornelia
Whose reforms were these? - Reforms (133-122) distribute public land in small plots
limit plot size found new colony at Carthage subsidize the price of grain equestrians collect taxes more rights for “Latins”
Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
(Century of Blood) 111-105 Who won the Jugurthine War?
Marius
Civil War between Marius & Sulla. Who won and what years did it take place?
Marius exiled to Africa, raises an army, then comes back to Rome to exile Sulla. 86-82
Whose reform was this? Cursus honorum: “course of offices,” minimum ages and prerequisites for each office
Sulla
Whose reform was this? Term limits: ten years between same office Senate doubled in size to 600 .
Sulla
Whose reform was this? Equites kicked off juries in favor of senators
Sulla
Whose reform was this? Tribunes now ineligible for any other office and cannot originate legislation
Sulla
Whose reform was this? Abolition of grain distribution Restrictions on governors of provinces.
Sulla
Which Roman General led the insurrection in Spain in 72 BC?
Sertorius
When was Caesar’s invasion of Britain?
50 BC
Who was in the ‘first triumvirate’?
Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey
Who was in the ‘second triumvirate’?
Lepidus, Octavian, and Mark Antony
What were the 2 chief executives called?
Consuls
Who were the judicial/military officials, later governors of provinces?
Praetors
Who were the treasurers/financial managers of revenue already collected ?
Quaestors
Who were the commissioners for urban amenities (sewers, aqueducts, games, roads)?
Aediles
Name the three assemblies.
Plebeians, centuriate, and tribal
what is moving animals for pasture between mountains & plains and who did it?
transhumance, Samnites
What types of weapons did Samnites use?
Iron
What years were the Samnite wars?
343-290
Who did Samnite’s ally with for Sentinum?
Gauls
When Rome attacks the Messinians as precursor to the Punic wars, who comes to the Messinians’ aid?
Carthage and Syracuse
Regulus’ invasion of Carthage happened in what war?
1st Punic War. in 255 BC
Where did the Romans finally defeat Hannibal?
Zoma, 201 BC
What years were the Macedonian Wars?
215-146 BC
Romans fight against Macedonians, what is another name for Macedonians?
Antigonids
Who did the Romans crush in 146 BC at Corinth?
Achaean league
What years was the Syrian war?
192-189
In Syrian war, Romans try to keep _________ (successors of Alex) out of Europe with Greek allies Rhodes & Pergamum
The seleucids
first Roman bronze coins struck in _________ (south Italy) in ____’s BC
Campania, 320’s
What kind of money did the Romans use?
Specie: Coins. NOT fiat.
What type of crash happened in 146-133 and who took care of it?
Economic, the Gracchi’s reforms were needed.
What were the dates of the Reforms of the Gracchi’s?
133-122 BC
who distributed public land in small plots?
Gracchi
who limited plot size ?
Gracchi
who found new colony at Carthage ?
Gracchi
who subsidized the price of grain ?
Gracchi
who let equestrians collect taxes ?
Gracchi
Bridges famously had _______.
Arches
Where was the Necropolis?
Appian Way
Roman History before 509 BC may reflect reality or is important for how Rome saw itself. Which view?
Anglo-American
Roman History before 509 is pure hogwash or reflects later Roman History. Which view?
Italo-french
some Roman History before 509 reflects reality, some is hogwash. Which view?
Swedish
Source for Roman history: in Latin eclipsed all predecessors
Livy (24 BC – 17 AD)
Source for Roman history: oratory/philosophy, ideological view
Cicero (70-43 BC)
Source for Roman history: biographies of famous Greeks & Romans
Plutarch (100-120 AD)
god of war
mars
goddess of love
venus
goddess of hunting & animal fertility
diana
Origins of rome: colonial legend
Aeneas from Troy
Origins of rome: native legend
Romulus and Remus from Alba Longa (suburb of Rome)
Struggle of the ______ (___-400).
Orders, 500
plebeians evolve as self-governing interest group in early ___’s.
400
Plebeians want what from Roman government?
food, land, office
______ evolve as political group in response to Plebs
Patricians
Co-opting of ________- through marriage
Plebs
Patrician repeated holding of an office due to _______ support
Pleb
Senate becomes _______ through control of offices.
patrician
legend for Etruscans: __ Etruscan kings 616-509, ______ed from Rome.
3, expelled
What type of tombs did Etruscans have?
Chamber
103-101 War vs. Cimbri & Teutones, won by whom?
Marius
80-72 Revolt of Roman general _______ in Spain, ends when assassinated by own staff
Sertorius
67 Pirate war, won by whom?
Pompey
88-66 Mithridatic War, won by whom?
Pompey
63 annexation of Judaea by Afranius, _____ of Pompey
legate
91-87 ______ War
Social
86-82 Civil War between ______ & _______
Marius, Sulla
82 Reforms of _____
Sulla
73-71 Slave Revolt under ______
Spartacus
70 Extortion trial of ______ brought by Cicero
Verres
Who defeats Spartacus?
Crassus
How did Mark Antony die in 70 BC?
Pirates
Pursuit of _____ & ______, assassins of Caesar: battle of Philippi 42 BC
Brutus, Cassius
Open warfare at ______ 31 BC: ______ vs. Antony & Cleopatra VII
Actium, Octavian
Praenomen….
first name (Tiberius)
Nomen….
family name (Claudius)
Cognomen…
nickname (Nero)
Male slaves take master’s praenomen and nomen, but their ______ becomes their cognomen.
Slave name. *If Kyle is the slave = Tiberius Claudius Kyle
Female slaves take master’s _______ and add slave name to the end.
nomen, *If Kyla is the slave - Claudia (fem.) Kyla
Whose office? Tribunician power to propose & veto laws
Augustus
Censor to enlarge & shrink Senate. Whose office?
Augustus
Consul on irregular basis until 2 BC. Whose office?
Augustus
Whose office? Proconsular power in frontier provinces
Augustus
Whose office? “Greater Power”– outrank every other military
Augustus
officer everywhere in Empire. Whose office?
Augustus
Caretaker of grain supply. Whose office?
Augustus
Several priesthoods (Pontifex Maximus). Whose office?
Augustus
Senate enlarges with supporters. Whose reform?
Augustus
Senate shrinks by removing civil war participants. Whose reform?
Augustus
Senate used as helpers for administration. Whose reform?
Augustus
Restore voting with some choices for people. Whose reform?
Augustus
Reduce grain dole for people. Whose reform?
Augustus
Settle more people in colonies (e.g. Berytus = Beirut). Whose reform?
Augustus
adultery laws. Whose reform?
Augustus
right of 3 children. Whose reform?
Augustus
ex-slaves as Junian Latins (transitional citizens). Whose reform?
Augustus
Augustus was the adopted son of whom?
J. Caesar
Who was Son of Livia, Augustus’ wife?
Tiberius
Who was General in Germany and Pannonia?
Tiberius
All other candidates for emperor die so who comes to the throne?
Tiberius
Who Decreases role of Senate & People?
Tiberius
Who Holds rather than expands frontiers?
Tiberius
Under whom can we consider the Empire “here to stay”?
Tiberius
Who Makes horse a senator?
Gaius (Caligula) (37-41 AD)
Who has Unsuccessful invasion of Britain?
Gaius (Caligula) (37-41 AD)
Who was Murdered by Praetorian Guard?
Gaius (Caligula) (37-41 AD)
Under whom was there a successful invasion of Britain?
Claudius (41-54 AD)
Under whom did a new harbor at Ostia begun?
Claudius (41-54 AD)
Who wrote History of Etruscans (now lost)?
Claudius (41-54 AD)
Who introduced digamma, F (“w” sound) to distinguish consonant V (sounds like “w”) from vowel V (sounds like “u”)?
Claudius (41-54 AD)
Who had wars with Parthians (Persians)?
Nero (54-68 AD)
Who faced revolt in Britain under Boudicca (60 AD)?
Nero (54-68 AD)
Who promoted spectacles at Rome?
Nero (54-68 AD)
Who was wildly popular in East, considered divine?
Nero (54-68 AD)
Under whom did the 1st Jewish War begin in 66 AD?
Nero (54-68 AD)
Who commits suicide before Praetorian Guard can kill him?
Nero (54-68 AD)
Younger brother of Titus?
Domitian
who Re-institutes reign of terror?
Domitian
who Fights Germans 83-87 AD?
Domitian
who Sends Agricola to Britain 87-89 AD?
Domitian
who has Trouble with Decebalus, King of Dacia (Rumania) in 84 AD?
Domitian
______ – foundation to feed poor children (Nerva)
Alimenta
Dacian campaign by ______ -> _______ -> inflation
Trajan, Gold
Who Extended Empire north of Danube?
Trajan
Who squared off vs. Decebalus, Dacian king since Domitian?
Trajan
Under whom did Dacia become new province?
Trajan
Under whom did Precious metals flood Roman economy?
Trajan
1st Jewish War->destruction of 2nd Temple in Jerusalem 70 AD by _____
Titus
_______’s campaign against Jewish revolts in Egypt, Cyrene, Africa in 116 AD -> militants move to Judaea
Trajan
Who Outlawed circumcision ?
Hadrian
Who Proposed building pagan temple on site of 2nd Temple?
Hadrian
___ Jewish War under Hadrian 132-135
vs. ___ _____
2nd, Bar Kochba
Julius Caesar’s expedition, 50 BC where?
Britain
Boudicca’s revolt 60 AD: Romans briefly expelled from where?
Britain
Agricola’s expedition, 78-89 AD, where?
Britain
Oldest church ____-______ on Euphrates destroyed 256
Dura-Europus
Queen Zenobia from where?
Palmyra (fleeing the center 267-272)
Who started the Tetrarchy (four-ruler system,Caesar->Augustus)?
Diocletian
who settled “barbarians” within empire?
Diocletian
Whose persecution of Christians in 303-11?
Diocletian
______’s retirement in 305 -> succession problem.
Diocletian
Coinage reform under whom? (295 AD)
Diocletian
Who placed Edict on Maximum Prices of slaves 301-5 AD?
Diocletian
Constantine moves capital to where?
Constantinople
What is Edict of Milan and when?
Toleration of Christianity in 312
