Final Review (stuff before midterm)

Question 1

Where is the youngest ocean crust found?

Answer 1

at the crest of mid-ocean ridges

Question 2

When was the most recent magnetic reversal?

Answer 2

about 800,000 years ago

Question 3

What is the ion radical that is a part of carbonate minerals?

Answer 3

(CO3)-2

Question 4

What are the five characteristics of minerals?

Answer 4

Crystalline, characteristic physical properties, naturally occurring, inorganic, definite chemical composition

Question 5

What are some examples of sulfide minerals?

Answer 5

galena, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite

Question 6

What are some examples of silicate minerals?

Answer 6

olivine, pyroxene, biotite, kyanite

Question 7

What kind of silica tetrahedra is plagioclase feldspar composed of?

Answer 7

a 3-D framework of silica tetrahedra

Question 8

What rock is the upper mantle composed mainly of?

Answer 8

peridotite

Question 9

What is an example of a concordant intrusion?

Answer 9

sill

Question 10

Sediment with an average grain size of 0.5 mm would be called?

Answer 10

sand

Question 11

Multiple cycles of erosion and deposition can result in detrital sediment composed almost entirely of?

Answer 11

quartz

Question 12

Which type of rock is it most likely to have kyanite in it?

Answer 12

Metamorphic

Question 13

What are anticlines?

Answer 13

Folds that are convex upwards with the oldest rocks exposed on the axis

Question 14

What are synclines?

Answer 14

Folds that are convex downwards with the youngest rocks exposed on the axis

Question 15

A sample of sandstone is 10 cm long. A stress is applied to stretch it and the length increases by 0.1 mm. What is the strain?

Answer 15

0.001

Question 16

What are three examples of mountain chains formed by a continent-continent collision?

Answer 16

Himalayan, Urals, Appalachians

Question 17

What kind of bonding is found in galena?

Answer 17

ionic

Question 18

What kind of luster does galena have?

Answer 18

metallic

Question 19

What kind of luster does a diamond have?

Answer 19

brilliant

Question 20

What are the types of pyroclastic material?

Answer 20

volcanic bombs, lapilli, volcanic ash

Question 21

What are the large grains in porphyritic texture called?

Answer 21

phenocrysts

Question 22

What are the small grains in porphyritic texture called?

Answer 22

groundmass

Question 23

What is the change called when a rock experiences decreasing temperature and pressure?

Answer 23

retrograde metamorphism

Question 24

Contact metamorphism occurs with what level of pressure and temperature?

Answer 24

low pressure and high temperature

Question 25

What is terrane accretion?

Answer 25

the process by which pieces of continental crust are added to a continent in a subduction zone