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Honors Chemistry > Final Review Sheet > Flashcards

Final Review Sheet Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a physical change? Give 2 examples

A

Things that can go back to its original form. Eg ice melting, paper ripping

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1
Q

Give an example of a quantitative and a qualitative observation

A

Quan: numbers
Qual: colour

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2
Q

What is a chemical change? Give two examples

A

Things that cannot go back to its original form. Eg rust, apple oxidizing

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3
Q

What are the signs if a chemical change?

A

Gas bubbles, color change, heat, new things formed

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4
Q

What are the signs of a physical change?

A

Color change

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5
Q

What are chemical and physical properties?

A

Chem: “reacts with…”
Phys: mass

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6
Q

What is an alloy? Give two examples

A

Mixture of metals. Eg brass, 24k gold

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7
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture? Give an example

A

One thing throughout. Eg gatorade

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8
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture? Give an example

A

More than one thing throughout. Eg milk, sand, candy bar

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9
Q

What is the difference between an element, a compound, and a mixture? Give one example of each

A

Element: simplest form of matter;Na
Compound: 2 or more atoms chemically combined;NaCl
Mixture: variable composition and separated by physical means;KoolAid

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10
Q

What is a phase change? Give an example

A

Solid to liquid to gas. Eg ice melting and water evaporating

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11
Q

What is sublimation

A

Solid to gas

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12
Q

What is the formila for density?

A

D=m/v

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13
Q

What does phenolphthalein do in the presence of a base? An acid?

A

Base: pink
Acid: clear

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14
Q

What are the symbols and the location of each subatomic particle in an atom?

A

Electrons: outside; e-
Protons: inside; p+
Neutrons: inside; n°

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15
Q

What did Dalton believe about the atom?

A

Atoms were solid, indestructable spheres

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16
Q

List the diatomic elements.

A

H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I

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17
Q

What is a line spectrum?

A

Heated elements passed theough a prism

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18
Q

What do dark bands represent?

A

Energy absorbed as electron moves up an energy level

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19
Q

What do the bands of light represent?

A

Protons as electrons move down

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20
Q

What is a photon?

A

Packet of light energy

21
Q

What are some differences between a principle energy level of 1 and 7?

A

Larger the energy level the greater the distance from the nucleus

22
Q

What is the shape of the sublevels “s” and “p”?

A

S: sphere
P: peanut

23
Q

How many orientations are in s, p, d, and f?

A

S: 1
P: 3
D: 5
F: 7

24
Q

How many electrons can each cubicle or orientation hold?

A

2n^2

25
Q

Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called:

A

Periods

26
Q

Which orbital block corresponds to the transition metals?

A

D

27
Q

Name the general types of bonds.

A

Ionic, covalent, polar covalent

28
Q

Comment on ionic bonds&give an example.

A

Metal transfer to non metal. Eg: NaCl

29
Q

Comment on covalent bonds&give an example.

A

Two or more non metals share electrons. Eg: CO_2

30
Q

Comment on polar covalent bonds&give an example.

A

Electrons are unequally shared. Eg: HI

31
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

Tendency for atoms to attract e-

32
Q

How do atoms form cations or anions?

A

By losing or gaining electrons

33
Q

Compare/contrast ionic and molecular conpounds

A

Ionic: neutral and strong
Molecular: not strong

34
Q

Write the pathway for going from grams to atoms of a compound.

A

G-mol-molec-atoms

35
Q

What is a limiting reactant?

A

The reactant that runs out first in a chemical reaction.

36
Q

Solution

A

A homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances.

37
Q

Solvent

A

Substance present in largest amount. Eg: H_2O

38
Q

Aqueous solution

A

Solution in which H_2O is the solvent

39
Q

Polar solubility

A

Dissolves in polar stuff

40
Q

Miscible.

A

Substances that will dissolve in each other. Eg: salt and water

41
Q

Inmiscible

A

Substances that will not dissolve in each other. Eg: oil and water

42
Q

Write the formula for methane.

A

CH_4

43
Q

What is STP?

A

Standard temperature and pressure

44
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

C°: 0°

K: 273

45
Q

What does “n” represent?

A

Mols

46
Q

If one solution has a pH of 4 and another soultion has a pH of 6, describe how these are different in terms of strength.

A

One is 100X stronger than the other

47
Q

List the radioactive particles from least to most.

A

Positron, alpha, beta, gamma.

48
Q

List the area in Washington that has experienced a lot of nuclear chemistry issues.

A

Hanford.

49
Q

Define exothermic and endothermic.

A

Exo: releases heat; explosions
Endo: gain heat; ice melting

50
Q

What is enthalpy?

A

Heat of vaporization

Honors Chemistry (1 decks)

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