Final Review Sheet Flashcards
What is a physical change? Give 2 examples
Things that can go back to its original form. Eg ice melting, paper ripping
Give an example of a quantitative and a qualitative observation
Quan: numbers
Qual: colour
What is a chemical change? Give two examples
Things that cannot go back to its original form. Eg rust, apple oxidizing
What are the signs if a chemical change?
Gas bubbles, color change, heat, new things formed
What are the signs of a physical change?
Color change
What are chemical and physical properties?
Chem: “reacts with…”
Phys: mass
What is an alloy? Give two examples
Mixture of metals. Eg brass, 24k gold
What is a homogeneous mixture? Give an example
One thing throughout. Eg gatorade
What is a heterogeneous mixture? Give an example
More than one thing throughout. Eg milk, sand, candy bar
What is the difference between an element, a compound, and a mixture? Give one example of each
Element: simplest form of matter;Na
Compound: 2 or more atoms chemically combined;NaCl
Mixture: variable composition and separated by physical means;KoolAid
What is a phase change? Give an example
Solid to liquid to gas. Eg ice melting and water evaporating
What is sublimation
Solid to gas
What is the formila for density?
D=m/v
What does phenolphthalein do in the presence of a base? An acid?
Base: pink
Acid: clear
What are the symbols and the location of each subatomic particle in an atom?
Electrons: outside; e-
Protons: inside; p+
Neutrons: inside; n°
What did Dalton believe about the atom?
Atoms were solid, indestructable spheres
List the diatomic elements.
H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I
What is a line spectrum?
Heated elements passed theough a prism
What do dark bands represent?
Energy absorbed as electron moves up an energy level
What do the bands of light represent?
Protons as electrons move down
What is a photon?
Packet of light energy
What are some differences between a principle energy level of 1 and 7?
Larger the energy level the greater the distance from the nucleus
What is the shape of the sublevels “s” and “p”?
S: sphere
P: peanut
How many orientations are in s, p, d, and f?
S: 1
P: 3
D: 5
F: 7
How many electrons can each cubicle or orientation hold?
2n^2
Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called:
Periods
Which orbital block corresponds to the transition metals?
D
Name the general types of bonds.
Ionic, covalent, polar covalent
Comment on ionic bonds&give an example.
Metal transfer to non metal. Eg: NaCl
Comment on covalent bonds&give an example.
Two or more non metals share electrons. Eg: CO_2
Comment on polar covalent bonds&give an example.
Electrons are unequally shared. Eg: HI
What is electronegativity?
Tendency for atoms to attract e-
How do atoms form cations or anions?
By losing or gaining electrons
Compare/contrast ionic and molecular conpounds
Ionic: neutral and strong
Molecular: not strong
Write the pathway for going from grams to atoms of a compound.
G-mol-molec-atoms
What is a limiting reactant?
The reactant that runs out first in a chemical reaction.
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances.
Solvent
Substance present in largest amount. Eg: H_2O
Aqueous solution
Solution in which H_2O is the solvent
Polar solubility
Dissolves in polar stuff
Miscible.
Substances that will dissolve in each other. Eg: salt and water
Inmiscible
Substances that will not dissolve in each other. Eg: oil and water
Write the formula for methane.
CH_4
What is STP?
Standard temperature and pressure
What is absolute zero?
C°: 0°
K: 273
What does “n” represent?
Mols
If one solution has a pH of 4 and another soultion has a pH of 6, describe how these are different in terms of strength.
One is 100X stronger than the other
List the radioactive particles from least to most.
Positron, alpha, beta, gamma.
List the area in Washington that has experienced a lot of nuclear chemistry issues.
Hanford.
Define exothermic and endothermic.
Exo: releases heat; explosions
Endo: gain heat; ice melting
What is enthalpy?
Heat of vaporization
