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world cultures > final review semester `1 > Flashcards

final review semester `1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest island in the world, located in europe?

A

greenland

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2
Q

characterized by long, narrow, steep-sided inlets called fjords

A

scandinavian peninsula coastline

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3
Q

what is the reformation?

A

a movement started by martin luther, creating the protestant faith and alternating europe’s religious landscape

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4
Q

what is the renaissance?

A

a period of cultural revival and enlightenment in europe

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5
Q

transformation of manufacturing in europe, replacing human labor with machines

A

industrial revolution

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6
Q

what are some reasons for the industrial revolution in great britain?

A

access to rivers and oceans, abundance of coal and iron ore

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7
Q

what is the european union?

A

a united europe where goods, services, and workers can move freely among other member countries

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8
Q

what is the mid 20th-century european unity movement?

A

western european countries’ struggles to rebuild economies after world war 2

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9
Q

what are guest workers?

A

foreigners working temporarily in a country other than their own

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10
Q

what is the delta works project?

A

a sophisticated flood prevention network benefiting the netherlands

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11
Q

what country is the most populated nation in western europe?

A

germany

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12
Q

what is europe’s nickname?

A

the peninsula of peninsula

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13
Q

what is the northern european plain?

A

a region rich in agricultural lands, iron ore, and coal

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14
Q

what is the worlds second-smallest continent?

A

europe

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14
Q

what river is the longest in western europe?

A

danube

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15
Q

what are climate and vegetation factors?

A

northern latitude and proximity to the sea

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16
Q

when did the industrial revolution begin?

A

the late 1700’s

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17
Q

majority of russians live in the?

A

ural mountains

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17
Q

how many time zones does russia have?

A

11

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18
Q

longest river in europe but the 4th largest in russia

A

volga river

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19
Q

russia is rich in resources like what?

A

oil, natural gas, and minerals

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19
Q

russia has the ___ coastline of any nation in the world?

A

longest

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20
Q

an area of rich soil whose farms feed most of russia

A

black earth belt

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21
Q

____ accounts for about ___ of russia’s land area

A

siberia, three quarters

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22
Q

what climate region dominate the landscape of russia’s land area?

A

the tundra

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23
Q

what lake hold one fifth of all unfrozen freshwater found on earth?

A

lake baikal

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23
Q

what is the largest region in russia today?

A

eastern orthodoxy

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24
Q

what is russification?

A

discrimination and mistreatment of non-slavic russians and encouraging people to speak russian and follow eastern orthodox christianity

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24
Q

what percentage of russians or ethnically slavic?

A

80%

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25
Q

what is putin responsible for?

A

the invasion of ukraine

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25
Q

who was russia’s first leader (czar)?

A

ivan the terrible

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26
Q

what has putin brought to the nation?

A

economic growth

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27
Q

what has putin brought to the russian economy?

A

stability

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28
Q

after serving ____, putin got the job as ____ after ____ resigned and he was re-elected in ___, ___, ___, and again in ___

A

prime minister, president, boris yeltsin, 2000, 2004, 2012, 2018

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29
Q

vladimir putin was a former member of what spy group?

A

KGB

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30
Q

who was the russian federation’s first democratically elected president?

A

boris yeltsin

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31
Q

the policy of practice of ___, means more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader mikhail gorbachev from 1985

A

glasnost

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32
Q

mikhail gorbachev instituted a policy of ___, or economic restructuring in 1985

A

perestroika

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33
Q

what year did the soviet union collapse?

A

december 26, 1991

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34
Q

a fire in 1996 in the nuclear reactor in the town of ___ released tons of radioactive particles into the local environment

A

chernobyl

35
Q

what is the cold war?

A

the state of political hostility that existed between the soviet bloc countries and the u.s. led western powers from 1945-1990

36
Q

education emphasized what subjects during the soviet era?

A

math, science, and engineering

37
Q

when attacking russia in 1941, what county was defeated due to russia’s harsh winter?

A

germany

38
Q

who established the soviet union?

A

vladimir lenin

39
Q

the ideas of who were the basis for communication?

A

karl marx

40
Q

what are vertical climates?

A

different crops at different elevations

41
Q

what is a tributary?

A

a small body of water flowing into a larger body

42
Q

what is el nino?

A

unusually warm temperatures in the eastern pacific ocean

43
Q

what is an isthmus?

A

a narrow strip of land with sea on either side

44
Q

what desert is the driest hot desert in the world?

A

atacama desert

45
Q

where was the maya civilization concentrated?

A

concentrated around the yucatan peninsula

46
Q

what was the incan civilization skilled in?

A

engineering, used terrace farming, had quipu

47
Q

what was the aztec civilization’s capital city

A

tenochtitlan

48
Q

2 european colonizers

A

spain and portugal

49
Q

when did latin america gain it’s independence?

A

latin america gained independence from european colonizers in the 1800s

50
Q

what religion is the largest in latin america?

A

roman catholicism

51
Q

what is the main language spoken in latin america?

A

spanish

52
Q

what is the official language of brazil?

A

portugese

53
Q

what connects the atlantic ocean with the pacific ocean?

A

panama canal

54
Q

cuba and venezuela were what since the end of colonial rule?

A

socialist systems

55
Q

mexico benefits the most from what trade agreement?

A

NAFTA

56
Q

what contains u.s. territories? (ex: u.s. virgin islands and puerto rico)

A

caribbean

57
Q

what was original country was divided into what is now haiti and the dominican republic?

A

hispaniola

58
Q

what country is considered a developing country?

A

mexico

59
Q

what are favelas?

A

slums in latin america

60
Q

what is the purpose of mapping?

A

to locate countries and geographical feautures

61
Q

the term used for the ethno-racial classification of people mixed european and indigenous american ancestry throughout latin american

A

mestizo

62
Q

africans came to the caribbean as ___ bought by europeans

A

enslaved workers

63
Q

what was the first latin american country to gain its independence?

A

haiti

64
Q

aztec farmers grew maize and beans on what?

A

chinampas

65
Q

what was the primary killer of native american populations?

A

disease

66
Q

what other countries/continents does latin america include?

A

mexico, central america, the caribbean, and south america

67
Q

south america is the __ _____ continent?

A

4th largest

68
Q

what river is the western hemisphere’s longest river?

A

amazon river

69
Q

the amazon basin contains the world’s largest what?

A

river

70
Q

what are the two main languages of latin america?

A

spanish and portugese

71
Q

what were the europeans who claimed parts of the americas for spain called?

A

conquistadors

72
Q

what is a mural?

A

artwork that is painted directly onto a wall

73
Q

what were the native american empires of latin america?

A

maya, aztec, and incan

74
Q

what was the columbian exchange?

A

a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, and human populations

75
Q

what is a latifundia?

A

large mechanized farms found in latin america

76
Q

in 2010, an earthquake devastated haiti, resulting in the death of how many people?

A

250,000

77
Q

what is culture?

A

the way of life of a group of people who share beliefs and customs

78
Q

what is geography?

A

the study of how people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other

79
Q

what is absolute location?

A

the LATITUDE and LONGITUDE of a particular place

80
Q

what is relative location

A

your location in RELATION TO ANOTHER PLACE OR LANDMARK

81
Q

what is an ethnic group?

A

a group of people who share common ancestry; including language, religion, or customs

82
Q

what is ethnocentrism?

A

judging other cultures based upon your own culture

83
Q

what are the five themes of geography?

A

location, place, region, movement, and human-environment interaction

84
Q

what is a command economy?

A

one in which the government has direct control of the economy

85
Q

what is a market economy?

A

one in which private individuals or groups have a right to own property or business and make a profit with only limited government interference

86
Q

good traded to outside countries are known as what?

A

exports

87
Q

goods brought into the country from foreign lands are known as what?

A

imports

88
Q

a form of government with a hereditary king or queen exercising supreme power is known as what?

A

monarchy

89
Q

a form of government where a person rules with unlimited power and authority is known as what?

A

autocracy

90
Q

a form of government where a small group holds power is known as a what?

A

an oligarchy

91
Q

a form of government where leaders rule with the consent of the governed is known as a what?

A

democracy

92
Q

what is an archipelago?

A

a chain or group of islands

93
Q

what is the ring of fire?

A

the nickname given to the path along the pacific ocean where tectonic plates frequently crash and slide and is often characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes

world cultures (2 decks)

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